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Sir Richard Brook Sykes (born 7 August 1942) is a British microbiologist, the chair of the Royal Institution, the UK Stem Cell Foundation, and the trustees at King Edward VII's Hospital, and Chancellor (education), chancellor of Brunel University. As of June 2021, he is chair of the UK's Vaccine Taskforce, where he is responsible for overseeing the delivery of the COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom, COVID-19 vaccination programme, including preparations for booster programmes and encouraging vaccine innovation in the UK.
In 1972, after gaining a first class Bachelor of Science, bachelor's degree and a Doctor of Philosophy, doctorate, both in microbiology, Sykes was appointed head of the Antibiotic Resistance Unit at GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo, where he helped develop the antibiotic ceftazidime. Subsequently, he was recruited by the Bristol Myers Squibb, Squibb Institute, in the United States, where he then developed aztreonam, the first clinically effective monobactam, a term he coined in 1981 to describe a new group of monocyclic β-lactams produced by bacteria. He oversaw the merger of Glaxo with Wellcome, to form Glaxo-Wellcome in 1995 and became its chair two years later. He then oversaw the GlaxoSmithKline#2000: Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger and held its chair until 2001.
His other appointments have included being President of Imperial College London, rector of Imperial College from 2001 to 2008, chairman of NHS London from December 2008 to July 2010, vice-chairman of Lonza Group until 2013, and chairman of Imperial College Healthcare from 2012 to 2018.
Citation by professor John Wong
National University of Singapore. Honorary degree of science recipient He attended Royds Hall Academy, Royds Hall Grammar school. Prior to his A-Level, A-levels and completing school, he took up a job as a technician in a pathology laboratory. After leaving secondary school he attended City of Westminster College, Paddington Technical College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology, Chelsea College, and gained a place at Queen Elizabeth College where he was awarded a first class Bachelor of Science, BSc degree in microbiology. He received his Doctor of Philosophy, doctorate in 1972 with a thesis on beta-lactamase, β-lactamases of ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', from the University of Bristol, where he worked with Mark Richmond. In 1973, together, they reported the first β-lactamase classification scheme.
In 1972 Sykes was appointed head of the Antibiotic Resistance Unit at GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo. There, he helped develop the antibiotic ceftazidime. In 1977 he left Glaxo and was recruited to the United States by the Bristol Myers Squibb, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, where he worked under George Bellamy Mackaness, George B. Mackaness, the Australian immunologist who played an important part in getting the first ACE inhibitor, captopril, licensed. In 1979 Squibb appointed Sykes to lead research into Simple aromatic ring, monocyclic β-Lactam, β-lactam antibiotics.
There, he isolated product SQ26.180 from ''Chromobacterium violaceum'', a bacteria discovered at Pine Barrens (New Jersey), Pine Barrens. By modifying the amino acid#Charged side chains, amide side chain and including a ceftazidime side chain, he produced aztreonam, the first monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic. In 1981 he coined this new group of antibiotics "monobactam". Its potential as a usefulness was published the following year. It could treat gram-negative infections such as gonorrhoea and became the first monobactam to be licensed for clinical use.
From 1983 to 1986 he was vice-president of infectious and metabolic diseases at Squibb. He returned to Glaxo in 1987 and succeeded David Jack (pharmacologist), David Jack, almost 30 years after GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo acquired Allen & Hanburys. The ''Harvard Business Review'' noted that at Glaxo, when a group of antibiotics failed in the last stages of clinical trial, Sykes praised the teams that had worked on them and encouraged them to move on. In 1993 he received his Doctor of Science, DSc.
In 1994, during his time at Glaxo, he was part of the group that founded the Jenner Institute for research into vaccines. In 1995 he oversaw the merger of Glaxo with Wellcome, to form Glaxo-Wellcome. In 1997, he became chair of Glaxo-Wellcome. In 2000 he oversaw the GlaxoSmithKline#2000: Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger and held its chair until 2001. The merger resulted in the marketing of several new drugs. According to Sykes at the time, "the industry would be transformed by understanding the human genome".
He holds honorary degrees from several universities including University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Brunel University, Brunel, Cranfield University, Cranfield, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, University of Hull, Hull, University of Leeds, Leeds, University of Leicester, Leicester, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Newcastle University, Newcastle, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield Hallam, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde, University of Surrey, Surrey, University of Warwick, Warwick and University of Westminster, Westminster. Sykes was elected a Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom, Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 1998.Fellow Sir Richard Sykes FRS FMedSci
– website of the Academy of Medical Sciences
In 2009 he received the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy's Garrod Lecture and Medal, Garrod Medal and delivered its accompanying lecture. It was titled "The evolution of antimicrobial resistance: a Darwinian perspective" and was published in the ''Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy'' in 2010.
Early life and education
Richard Sykes was born in the outskirts of Huddersfield, in West Yorkshire, on 7 August 1942 to Eric Sykes and his wife Muriel Mary Sykes.Wong, John (6 July 2015Citation by professor John Wong
National University of Singapore. Honorary degree of science recipient He attended Royds Hall Academy, Royds Hall Grammar school. Prior to his A-Level, A-levels and completing school, he took up a job as a technician in a pathology laboratory. After leaving secondary school he attended City of Westminster College, Paddington Technical College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology, Chelsea College, and gained a place at Queen Elizabeth College where he was awarded a first class Bachelor of Science, BSc degree in microbiology. He received his Doctor of Philosophy, doctorate in 1972 with a thesis on beta-lactamase, β-lactamases of ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', from the University of Bristol, where he worked with Mark Richmond. In 1973, together, they reported the first β-lactamase classification scheme.
Glaxo and Squibb
In 1972 Sykes was appointed head of the Antibiotic Resistance Unit at GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo. There, he helped develop the antibiotic ceftazidime. In 1977 he left Glaxo and was recruited to the United States by the Bristol Myers Squibb, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, where he worked under George Bellamy Mackaness, George B. Mackaness, the Australian immunologist who played an important part in getting the first ACE inhibitor, captopril, licensed. In 1979 Squibb appointed Sykes to lead research into Simple aromatic ring, monocyclic β-Lactam, β-lactam antibiotics.
There, he isolated product SQ26.180 from ''Chromobacterium violaceum'', a bacteria discovered at Pine Barrens (New Jersey), Pine Barrens. By modifying the amino acid#Charged side chains, amide side chain and including a ceftazidime side chain, he produced aztreonam, the first monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic. In 1981 he coined this new group of antibiotics "monobactam". Its potential as a usefulness was published the following year. It could treat gram-negative infections such as gonorrhoea and became the first monobactam to be licensed for clinical use.
From 1983 to 1986 he was vice-president of infectious and metabolic diseases at Squibb. He returned to Glaxo in 1987 and succeeded David Jack (pharmacologist), David Jack, almost 30 years after GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo acquired Allen & Hanburys. The ''Harvard Business Review'' noted that at Glaxo, when a group of antibiotics failed in the last stages of clinical trial, Sykes praised the teams that had worked on them and encouraged them to move on. In 1993 he received his Doctor of Science, DSc.
In 1994, during his time at Glaxo, he was part of the group that founded the Jenner Institute for research into vaccines. In 1995 he oversaw the merger of Glaxo with Wellcome, to form Glaxo-Wellcome. In 1997, he became chair of Glaxo-Wellcome. In 2000 he oversaw the GlaxoSmithKline#2000: Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham merger and held its chair until 2001. The merger resulted in the marketing of several new drugs. According to Sykes at the time, "the industry would be transformed by understanding the human genome".
Royal Institution and others
Sykes was elected a Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1997. In 1994 he became a trustee of the Natural History Museum, London, and in 1997 he was appointed senior independent director of Rio Tinto (corporation), Rio Tinto plc, a position he held until 2008. He was a member of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education that published an influential report in 1997.Later career
Imperial
In January 2001, he was appointed Rector of Imperial College, rector of Imperial College London and completed his tenure in 2008. At Imperial, he was involved in several controversial debates including on issues such as increasing tuition fees, which he favoured. He criticised secondary schools for the quality of the science taught there, and opposed teaching grants being awarded on a per capita basis. In 2002 he proposed to merge Imperial College with University College London. The strength of opposition meant that it did not go through. He supported the lifting of the £3,000 cap on tuition fees and instead allowing the universities to set their own fees.UK Stem Cell Foundation
Sykes chairs the UK Stem Cell Foundation. It was established in 2005.Other roles
From 2003 to 2005 he was trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. From 2007 to 2011 he was senior independent director and non-executive deputy chairman of Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation. In September 2008, he was appointed chair of NHS London, but resigned in May 2010 over the decision of the Cameron–Clegg coalition, Cameron Ministry to halt former health minister Ara Darzi's planned reorganisation of health care in London. Between 2010 and 2012 he was on the advisory board of the Virgin Group. Until 2013, he was vice-chair at the Swiss life sciences company Lonza Group, Lonza AG. He was appointed chairman of the Royal Institution in 2010 and Imperial College Healthcare in 2012. He was appointed Chancellor (education), Chancellor of Brunel University in 2013. In 2020, Sykes stepped down as chairman of the NetScientific Group after serving it for nine years.Vaccine Taskforce
In 2020 he led an independent review of the workings of the Vaccine Taskforce. On 14 June 2021, Sykes was appointed chair of the Vaccine Taskforce, where he will be responsible for overseeing the delivery of the COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom, UK's COVID-19 vaccination programme, including preparations for booster programmes and encouraging vaccine innovation in the UK.Other activities
Sykes was chairman of the advisory panel of the think-tank Reform (think tank), Reform. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering. He is chair of the Trustees at King Edward VII's Hospital.Awards and honours
Sykes was Knight Bachelor, knighted in the 1994 New Year Honours.Sir Richard Sykes DSc – 1994He holds honorary degrees from several universities including University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Brunel University, Brunel, Cranfield University, Cranfield, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, University of Hull, Hull, University of Leeds, Leeds, University of Leicester, Leicester, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Newcastle University, Newcastle, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield Hallam, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde, University of Surrey, Surrey, University of Warwick, Warwick and University of Westminster, Westminster. Sykes was elected a Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom, Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 1998.
– website of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Selected publications
Articles
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*Reports
*References
External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sykes, Richard 1942 births Living people GSK plc people Alumni of King's College London Alumni of the University of Bristol British microbiologists British businesspeople Businesspeople awarded knighthoods Rectors of Imperial College London People associated with the University of Nottingham People associated with the Natural History Museum, London Fellows of King's College London Fellows of the Royal Society Honorary Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom) Knights Bachelor Presidents of the British Science Association People from Huddersfield People associated with Brunel University London Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation