Richard P. Minsky (born January 7, 1947
) is an
American scholar
A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or research ...
of
bookbinding and a
book artist
Artists' books (or book arts or book objects) are work of art, works of art that utilize the form of the book. They are often published in small editions, though they are sometimes produced as one-of-a-kind objects.
Overview
Artists' books hav ...
. He is the founder of the
Center for Book Arts
Center for Book Arts (CBA) is a non-profit arts organization, founded in 1974. It is the first organization of its kind in the United States dedicated to contemporary interpretations of the book as an art object while preserving traditional pra ...
in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...
.
Background
In 1960, Minsky obtained his first
printing press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the ...
at the age of 13 to replace the Superior "Cub" rotary Printing Press he had received as a gift in 1957. This Kelsey 5x8" platen press became the foundation for a lifelong career in the book arts.
In 1968, he graduated
cum laude
Latin honors are a system of Latin phrases used in some colleges and universities to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree has been earned. The system is primarily used in the United States. It is also used in some So ...
in
economics
Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analy ...
from
Brooklyn College. Minsky was awarded a
fellowship
A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context.
In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements.
Within the context of higher educationa ...
at
Brown University, where he received his master's degree in economics. He pursued a Ph.D. at
The New School for Social Research
The New School for Social Research (NSSR) is a graduate-level educational institution that is one of the divisions of The New School in New York City, United States. The university was founded in 1919 as a home for progressive era thinkers. NSSR ...
, but left after two years to pursue bookbinding, art and music. He studied bookbinding in
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay ...
with master bookbinder
Daniel Gibson Knowlton
Daniel Gibson Knowlton (November 14, 1922 – June 11, 2015) was an United States of America, American classics, classicist bookbinding, bookbinder at Brown University. Knowlton was the nephew of illustrator Charles Dana Gibson and List of descend ...
, whom he met at the
John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library
The John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, nicknamed "the Rock", is the primary teaching and research library for the humanities, social sciences, and fine arts at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It is one of five individual libraries whic ...
at Brown University.
In 1974, Minsky founded the
Center for Book Arts
Center for Book Arts (CBA) is a non-profit arts organization, founded in 1974. It is the first organization of its kind in the United States dedicated to contemporary interpretations of the book as an art object while preserving traditional pra ...
in
Manhattan
Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the List of co ...
,
the first organization of its kind in the United States dedicated to contemporary interpretations of the book as an art object while preserving traditional practices of the art of the book.
In 1978, he was named a US/UK Bicentennial Fellow in Visual Art by the
National Endowment for the Arts
The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created in 1965 as an independent agency of the federa ...
and the
British Council
The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities. It works in over 100 countries: promoting a wider knowledge of the United Kingdom and the English language (and the Welsh la ...
. Minsky stated that he does not believe in talent and that he simply continues to become better at bookbinding through his persistence since his first "awful" attempts in 1968.
In 2004,
Yale University Library
The Yale University Library is the library system of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Originating in 1701 with the gift of several dozen books to a new "Collegiate School," the library's collection now contains approximately 14.9 milli ...
acquired Minsky's archive of published fine art editions and other works.
The Robert B. Haas Family Arts Library at Yale University is hosting an exhibition of 50 years of Minsky's work from August to November 2010.
SLART trademark dispute
In 2006, Minsky opened a virtual gallery in Second Life and published an e-mag, which was also distributed in world and published online, about art in the Second Life virtual world. He called both ‘SLART’. In 2007, Minsky applied for registration of the SLART trademark by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The mark was registered on March 18, 2008. In February 2008, Minksy contacted the Virtual Intellectual Property Organization (VIPO) to enforce his rights to the SLART trademark against users in the Second Life virtual world. VIPO was founded by intellectual property attorney Tamiko Franklin. On July 29, 2008, Minsky filed suit against
Linden Lab
Linden Research, Inc., doing business as Linden Lab, is an American technology company that is best known as the creator of ''Second Life''.
The company's head office is in San Francisco, with additional offices in Boston, Seattle, Virginia an ...
, the creator of Second Life, because one of its users infringed on his
trademark registration
A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from othe ...
of ''SLART''.
Second Life avatar Juris Amat (real-life intellectual property attorney Tamiko Franklin) sent cease and desist letters to users regarding unauthorized use in world of the registered SLART trademark.
In September 2008, Linden Lab responded by filing suit with the
United States Patent and Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the national patent office and trademark registration authority for the United States. The USPTO's headquarters are in Alex ...
in an attempt to cancel Minsky's trademark registration.
Franklin represented Minsky during the cancellation procedure filed by Linden Labs before the United States Patent and Trademarks Offices’ Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. On September 4, 2008, the
U.S. District Court of Northern New York granted Minsky a
temporary restraining order
An injunction is a legal and equitable remedy in the form of a special court order that compels a party to do or refrain from specific acts. ("The court of appeals ... has exclusive jurisdiction to enjoin, set aside, suspend (in whole or in par ...
barring the use of ''SLART'' by other Second Life users. The Order provided that the trademark owner notify the online service provider of the identified infringement and allowed the provider two days to commence response to the infringement action and five days to complete it. The order also gave the trademark owner the right to obtain real-world identities of the infringer from the company if a prima facie case of infringement exists. This represents the first temporary restraining order granted by a federal judge for enforcement in a virtual environment of a federally registered trademark first used in a virtual environment. It affirmatively establishes the existence of virtual intellectual property rights.
The court order from federal judge
Lawrence E. Kahn documented Minsky's contention that the term ''SLART'' has multiple
colloquial
Colloquialism (), also called colloquial language, everyday language or general parlance, is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the idiom normally employed in convers ...
or
slang
Slang is vocabulary (words, phrases, and usage (language), linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in spoken conversation but avoided in formal writing. It also sometimes refers to the language generally exclusive to the members of p ...
meanings, "including a slut’s fart, a fart made while sleeping, and someone who is between a slut and a tart."
In October 2008, the court granted a
preliminary injunction
An injunction is a legal and equitable remedy in the form of a special court order that compels a party to do or refrain from specific acts. ("The court of appeals ... has exclusive jurisdiction to enjoin, set aside, suspend (in whole or in par ...
in Minsky's favor. On October 10, Linden Lab sought to terminate Minsky's Second Life account. On January 22, 2009. the case was
settled
A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area.
A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer.
Settl ...
out of court and the trademark filing was cancelled on April 7, 2009.
References
External links
The Book Art of Richard MinskyRichard Minskyat the
Guild of BookworkersRichard Minsky biographyat
Amazon.com
Amazon.com, Inc. ( ) is an American multinational technology company focusing on e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It has been referred to as "one of the most influential econom ...
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minsky, Richard
1947 births
Living people
Artists from New York (state)
Brooklyn College alumni
Brown University alumni
Bookbinders
People from Hudson, New York
Second Life