__NOTOC__ Richard Kroner (8 March 1884 in Breslau – 2 November 1974 in

Mammern Mammern is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland, on Lake Constance. History Finds from the Neolithic Age, Bronze Age (including stilt houses and stone hatchets) and the Early Middle Ages show that there was ...

) was a German neo-Hegelian philosopher, known for his ''Von Kant bis Hegel'' (1921/4), a classic history of

German idealism German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary ...

written from the neo-Hegelian point of view. He was a

Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...

, from a

Jew Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...

ish background. He is known for his formulation of

Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a 19th-century German idealism, German idealist. His influence extends across a wide range of topics from metaphysical issues in epistemology and ontology, to political phi ...

as 'the

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

Aquinas Thomas Aquinas ( ; ; – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican Order, Dominican friar and Catholic priest, priest, the foremost Scholasticism, Scholastic thinker, as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the W ...

'. In 1924

Victor Klemperer Victor Klemperer (9 October 188111 February 1960) was a German literary scholar and diarist. His journals, published posthumously in Germany in 1995, detailed his life under the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, the fascist Nazi Germany, Third ...

supported a call for Richard Kroner to a new

chair A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. It may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in vario ...

for theoretical

pedagogics Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken ...

and philosophy at Technische Hochschule Dresden, where he became friends with

Paul Tillich Paul Johannes Tillich (; ; August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German and American Christian existentialist philosopher, religious socialist, and Lutheran theologian who was one of the most influential theologians of the twenti ...

. Under

Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

legislation Kroner's Jewish ancestry as well as his principled democratic

stance Stance may refer to: Sports *Stance (American football), the position an American football player adopts when a play begins *Stance (martial arts), the distribution, foot orientation and body positions adopted when attacking, defending, advancing ...

led to his "suspension" (dismissal) from his university position at

Kiel Kiel ( ; ) is the capital and most populous city in the northern Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein. With a population of around 250,000, it is Germany's largest city on the Baltic Sea. It is located on the Kieler Förde inlet of the Ba ...

in 1934. He was replaced briefly by

Hans-Georg Gadamer Hans-Georg Gadamer (; ; 11 February 1900 – 13 March 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 on hermeneutics, '' Truth and Method'' (''Wahrheit und Methode''). Life Family and early life Gad ...

, a personal friend. The American philosopher Otis Lee studied with Kroner for the academic year 1933–1934 and helped him escape to the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and find a new academic position at Manhattan's

Union Theological Seminary Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York (shortened to UTS or Union) is a Private college, private ecumenical liberal Christian seminary in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, affiliated with Columbia University since 1928. Presently, Co ...

Kroner's ideas on Hegel, including his slant via Kierkegaard, were taken up by some
existentialist Existentialism is a family of philosophical views and inquiry that explore the human individual's struggle to lead an authentic life despite the apparent absurdity or incomprehensibility of existence. In examining meaning, purpose, and value ...
thinkers, including
Lev Shestov Lev Isaakovich Shestov (; 31 January .S. 13 Februaryref name="ReferenceA">Martin, Bernard, Introduction to "Athens and Jerusalem" 1866 – 19 November 1938), born Yeguda Lev Shvartsman (), was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher ...
and
Nikolai Berdyaev Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (; ; – 24 March 1948) was a Russian Empire, Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialism, Christian existentialist who emphasized the existentialism, existential spiritual significance of Pe ...
.

In 1952 Richard Kroner retired to Elkins Park,

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

before moving to

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

. He was awarded the Große Bundesverdienstkreuz. The Kroners are buried at

Richmond Cemetery Richmond Cemetery is a cemetery on Lower Grove Road in Richmond, London, Richmond in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England. It opened in 1786 on a plot of land granted by an Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, Act of Parliame ...

Works

*''Zweck und Gesetz in der Biologie. Eine logische Untersuchung'' (1913) *''Kants Weltanschauung'' (1914) *''Hegel. Zum 100. Todestag'' (1932) *''Die Selbstverwirklichung des Geistes. Prolegomena zur Kulturphilosophie'' (1928) *''Von Kant bis Hegel''. **1. Band: ''Von der Vernunftkritik zur Naturphilosophie'' (1921) **2. Band: ''Von der Naturphilosophie zur Philosophie des Geistes'' (1924) * ''The Religious Function of Imagination'' (1941) * ''Culture and Faith'' (1951) * ''Speculation in pre-Christian philosophy'' (1957) *''Selbstbesinnung. Drei Lehrstunden'' (1958) *''Speculation and Revelation In Modern Philosophy'' (1961) *''Between Faith and Thought: Reflections and Suggestions'' (1966) *''Freiheit und Gnade'' (1969)

References

*''On Two Books by Richard Kroner'' (1930) -

Lev Shestov Lev Isaakovich Shestov (; 31 January .S. 13 Februaryref name="ReferenceA">Martin, Bernard, Introduction to "Athens and Jerusalem" 1866 – 19 November 1938), born Yeguda Lev Shvartsman (), was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher ...

*''Richard Kroner (1884-1974). Ein christlicher Philosoph jüdischer Herkunft unter dem Schatten Hitlers'' (1993) �
Walter Asmus
(1903-1996)

External links

Kant's Weltanschauung
on

archive.org The Internet Archive is an American non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including websites, software applic ...

The Primary Of Faith
on

Richard Kroner : Von Kant bis HegelOn Christianity Early Theological Writings by Hegel --INTRODUCTION : HEGEL'S Philosophical Development By RICHARD KRONER
on

Von Kant bis Hegel (2 Vols)
on

1884 births 1974 deaths German male writers 20th-century German philosophers Columbia University faculty Hegel scholars {{Germany-philosopher-stub