Richard de Beaufré
comte de Guyon (1813 – 12 October 1856) was a
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.
* British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
-born
Hungarian soldier, general in the
Hungarian revolutionary army and
Ottoman pasha
Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitary, dignitaries, and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of ...
(Kurshid Pasha).
Biography
Early life
He was born at
Walcot, near
Bath, Somerset
Bath (Received Pronunciation, RP: , ) is a city in Somerset, England, known for and named after its Roman Baths (Bath), Roman-built baths. At the 2021 census, the population was 94,092. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, Bristol, River A ...
,
[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition] the son of Commander John Guyon RN (1767–1844), a shipmate and friend of the
Duke of Clarence
Duke of Clarence was a substantive title created three times in the Peerage of England. The title Duke of Clarence and St Andrews has also been created in the Peerage of Great Britain, and Duke of Clarence and Avondale and Prince Leopold, Duke ...
(later
William IV of Britain), and descended from a French noble family.
After receiving a military education in England, Guyon fought against
Dom Miguel in the
Liberal Wars in Portugal.
In 1832 Guyon entered the Austrian service joining the
Hungarian Hussars; and was attached as
aide-de-camp to General Baron
Ignác Splényi (1772–1840), who had served at the
Battle of Marengo and was captain-in-chief of the Hungarian noble bodyguard, and Standard Bearer of Hungary. Guyon married Baron Splényi's daughter, Baroness Marie, on 22 November 1838. They had two sons and a daughter together: Victor, Edgar and Marie Anne.
Until the outbreak of the
Hungarian Revolution, Guyon led the life of a country gentleman on his estates near
Komárom.
Hungarian Revolution
At the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution, Guyon was among the first to offer his services to the national government as an officer of the
Royal Hungarian Army
The Royal Hungarian Army (, ) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945. Its name was inherited from the Royal Hungarian Honvéd which went under the same Hu ...
, and played a prominent part in the struggle for independence during the
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848, also known in Hungary as Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many Revolutions of 1848, European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in ...
.
He won great distinction in the
Battle of Pákozd (29 September 1848) and the
Battle of Schwechat (30 October) and after the
Battle of Kapolna (26 and 27 February 1849) was made a general.
During the retreat of
Artúr Görgey's army in the winter of 1848–1849, Guyon carried the mountain-pass of
Branyiszkó on 5 February 1849, and by that daring feat of his re-established the communication with the government at
Debrecen
Debrecen ( ; ; ; ) is Hungary's cities of Hungary, second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain Regions of Hungary, region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the large ...
, as also with the several other Hungarian army corps.
When, in April 1849, the garrison of the besieged
Fortress of Komárom was to be apprised of the victorious approach of the national army, Guyon, with a detachment of hussars, cut his way through the enemy's lines, and announced the approaching relief.
On 14 July 1849, Guyon defeated the imperial army led by
Josip Jelačić in the
Battle of Hegyes, one of the last Hungarian victories of the freedom war, which assured Southern Hungary for the revolutionary army keeping the road open for the leaders of the revolution to escape in the Ottoman Empire.
The bloody
Battle of Szőreg (5 August 1849) allowed General
Henryk Dembiński, protected by the self-sacrificing ten battalions of Guyon, to retire to
Temesvár, where the
Battle of Temesvár, the last in the campaign, was fought and lost on 9 August. Guyon escaped to
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
.
[
Two streets in ]Budapest
Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
are named after Count Guyon: Guyon Richárd Utca, and Guyon Kőz. Guyon's Hussar uniform is preserved on display at the Museum of Military History in the Buda Castle Quarter.
Ottoman Empire
In 1852 Guyon entered the service of the Sultan
Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
without being required to change his faith.
Under the name of Kourshid Pasha, he, as a general of division, was Governor of Damascus, and at the beginning of the Crimean war, did much to organise the army of Kars. Guyon died of cholera
Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...
at Scutari in 1856.[ According to the '']Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from History of the British Isles, British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') ...
'' he was "the first Christian to obtain the rank of pasha and a Turkish military command without being obliged to change his religion".
The 1863 ''Chambers Encyclopaedia
''Chambers's Encyclopaedia'' was founded in 1859Chambers, W. & R"Concluding Notice"in ''Chambers's Encyclopaedia''. London: W. & R. Chambers, 1868, Vol. 10, pp. v–viii. by William Chambers (publisher), William and Robert Chambers (publisher, ...
'' states "Indomitable courage, and an incessant care for the comfort of the troops under his command, were the chief features in Guyon's character".[
The Istanbul Military Museum holds a memorial bust of Guyon together with other Hungarian artifacts.]
Notes and references
References
*
* This article incorporates text from the '' Chambers's Encyclopaedia'' 1863 edition.
Further reading
* A. W. Kinglake, ''The Patriot and the Hero General Guyon'' (1856).
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guyon, Richard Debaufre
1813 births
1856 deaths
People from Bath and North East Somerset
19th-century Ottoman military personnel
Hungarian generals
British generals
People of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian people of British descent
Hungarian exiles
Deaths from cholera
Burials at Haydarpaşa Cemetery
Military personnel from Bath, Somerset