Rhytididae is a

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of medium-sized

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

carnivorous A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly mu ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

molluscs Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

in the superfamily

Rhytidoidea The Rhytidoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the suborder Helicina.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Rhytididae Pilsbry, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=816183 on 2020-10-22 This family has three subfamilies: * Chlamydephorinae Cockerell, 1935 (1903) * Rhytidinae Pilsbry, 1893 * Corillinae Pilsbry, 1905 Powelliphanta shell

Anatomy

In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the num ...

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

s lies between 26 and 35 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M. (2001). Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Distribution

This family of land snails has a range which extends from

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

, some of the higher

South Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

islands,

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

Powell A. W. B. (1979). ''New Zealand Mollusca''. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

. The New Zealand genera include ''Delos'', ''Delouagapia'', ''Paryphanta'', ''Powelliphanta'', ''Rhytida'', ''Wainuia'' and ''Schizoglossa''. These, however, probably do not form a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

group, as indicated by their differences in their size, shape and

radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

Genera

Genera within the family Rhytididae include: * '' Afrorhytida'' * '' Amborhytida'' * '' Austrorhytida'' * '' Capitina'' * ''

Delos Delos (; ; ''Dêlos'', ''Dâlos''), is a small Greek island near Mykonos, close to the centre of the Cyclades archipelago. Though only in area, it is one of the most important mythological, historical, and archaeological sites in Greece. ...

'' * '' Delouagapia'' * '' Diplomphalus'' * '' Echotrida'' * '' Hebridelos'' * '' Macrocycloides'' * '' Namoitena'' * ''

Nata Nata or NATA may refer to: __NOTOC__ Places * Nata, Botswana, a village in Central District of Botswana * Nata, Cyprus, a small village near Paphos, Cyprus * Natá, Coclé, a town and corregimiento in Natá District, Coclé Province, Panama * Natá ...

'' * ''

Natalina ''Natalina'' is a genus of medium-sized predatory air-breathing land snails, carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Rhytididae. Species Species within the genus ''Natalina'' include: * '' Natalina beyrichi'' ( E. vo ...

'' * '' Occirhenea'' * '' Ouagapia'' * '' Paryphanta'' *'' Protorugosa'' * ''

Powelliphanta ''Powelliphanta'' is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropods in the family Rhytididae, found only in New Zealand. They are carnivorous, eating invertebrates, mostly native earthworms. Often restricted to very small area ...

'' * '' Prolesophanta'' * ''

Pseudomphalus ''Pseudomphalus'' is a monotypic genus of large, air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropods in the subfamily Rhytidinae of the family Rhytididae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pseudomphalus Ancey, 1882. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Ancey, 1882 * '' Ptychorhytida'' * ''

Rhytida ''Rhytida'' is a genus of medium-sized, air-breathing, predatory land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Rhytididae. This is the type genus of the family. Distribution This genus is endemic to New Zealand. Powell ...

'' * '' Rhytidarex'' * '' Saladelos'' * '' Schizoglossa'' * ''

Strangesta ''Strangesta'' is a genus of gastropods Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from sal ...

'' * '' Tasmaphena'' * '' Torresiropa'' * '' Victaphanta'' * ''

Vitellidelos ''Vitellidelos'' is a genus of land snails in the family Rhytididae. This genus is found in Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (cont ...

'' * ''

Wainuia ''Wainuia'' is a genus of air-breathing predatory land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Rhytididae. Species in this genus occur in New Zealand. Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers L ...

Life cycle

Eggs of New Zealand's species are generally deposited in

leaf mould Leaf mold (spelled leaf mould outside of the United States) is the compost produced by decomposition of shaded deciduous shrub and tree leaves, primarily by fungal breakdown in a slower, cooler manner as opposed to the bacterial degradation of lea ...

. Eggs are usually laid from late October to early December, with exception in some species as '' Powelliphanta spedeni'' in March. O'Connor A. C. (June 1945). "Notes on the Eggs of New Zealand Paryphantidae, With Description of a New Subgenus". ''

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand The ''Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand'' was a scientific journal and magazine published by the Royal Society of New Zealand. Before 1933 the society was called the New Zealand Institute, and the journal's name ...

'' 75(1945-46)
54
57.

References

External links