RhoGEF domain describes two distinct
structural domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's Peptide, polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that Protein folding, folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded Protein tertiary structure, thre ...
s with
guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate
small GTPase
Small GTPases (), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrim ...
s in the
Rho family. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to
GDP
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performance o ...
but active when bound to
GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including
RhoA
Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the ''RHOA'' gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is ...
,
Rac1
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAC1'' gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively spliced versions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions.
Func ...
and
Cdc42
Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42 or CDC42) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC42'' gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in ''S. cerevisiae'' (yeast) as a mediator of ...
.
The largest class of RhoGEFs is composed of proteins containing the "
Dbl-homology" (DH) domain, which almost always is found together with a
pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain to form a combined DH/PH domain structure.
A distinct class of RhoGEFs is those proteins containing the
DOCK/CZH/DHR-2 domain. This structure has no sequence similarity with DBL-homology domains.
Human proteins containing DH/PH RhoGEF domain
ABR;
AKAP13/ARHGEF13/Lbc;
ALS2;
ALS2CL;
ARHGEF1/p115-RhoGEF;
ARHGEF10;
ARHGEF10L;
ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF.;
ARHGEF12/LARG;
ARHGEF15;
ARHGEF16;
ARHGEF17;
ARHGEF18;
ARHGEF19;
ARHGEF2;
ARHGEF25;
ARHGEF26;
ARHGEF28;
ARHGEF3;
ARHGEF33;
ARHGEF35;
ARHGEF37;
ARHGEF38;
ARHGEF39;
ARHGEF4;
ARHGEF40;
ARHGEF5;
ARHGEF6/alpha-PIX;
ARHGEF7/beta-PIX;
ARHGEF9;
BCR;
DNMBP;
ECT2;
ECT2L;
FARP1;
FARP2;
FGD1;
FGD2
FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 2 (FGD2), also known as zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (ZFYVE4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FGD2'' gene.
It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing ...
;
FGD3;
FGD4;
FGD5;
FGD6;
ITSN1/Intersectin 1;
ITSN2/Intersectin 2;
KALRN/Kalirin;
MCF2;
MCF2L;
MCF2L2;
NET1;
NGEF;
OBSCN;
PLEKHG1;
PLEKHG2;
PLEKHG3;
PLEKHG4;
PLEKHG4B;
PLEKHG5;
PLEKHG6;
PREX1;
PREX2;
RASGRF1;
RASGRF2;
SPATA13;
TIAM1;
TIAM2;
TRIO;
VAV1
Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV1'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this proto-oncogene is a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for the Rho family of GTP binding ...
;
VAV2;
VAV3
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV3'' gene.
This gene is a member of the VAV gene family. The VAV proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPases that activ ...
.
Human proteins containing DOCK/CZH RhoGEF domain
DOCK1/DOCK180;
DOCK2;
DOCK3/MOCA;
DOCK4;
DOCK5;
DOCK6/ZIR1;
DOCK7/ZIR2;
DOCK8/ZIR3;
DOCK9/Zizimin1;
DOCK10/Zizimin2;
DOCK11/Zizimin3
See also
*
GTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a ...
*
Small GTPase
Small GTPases (), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrim ...
*
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A variety of unrelated structu ...
*
Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found ...
References
Further reading
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Protein domains
Peripheral membrane proteins
{{membrane-protein-stub