Infection_cycle_of_a_Rhinophoridae_fly_in_a_woodlouse_host

Rhinophorinae is a subfamily of

flies Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwin ...

(Diptera), commonly known as Woodlouse Flies, found in all zoogeographic regions except

Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ...

, but mainly in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. Th ...

and

Afrotropic The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...

al regions. They are small, slender, black, bristly flies

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

ally close to the

Tachinidae The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true fly, flies within the insect order Fly, Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1,300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in t ...

, formally many authors considered them a family, they are now a subfamily in the

Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, ...

. The

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e are mostly

parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...

s of

woodlice Woodlice are terrestrial isopods in the suborder Oniscidea. Their name is derived from being often found in old wood, and from louse, a parasitic insect, although woodlice are neither parasitic nor insects. Woodlice evolved from marine isopods ...

beetle Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...

spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ...

s, and other

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

s, and occasionally

snail A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gas ...

s. By 2020, about 33 genera were placed in the family, with a total 177 species.

Genera

*''

Acompomintho ''Acompomintho'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost ...

'' Villeneuve, 1927 *''

Apomorphyto ''Apomorphyto'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *'' Apomorphyto inbio'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 Distribution Costa Rica, Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographicall ...

'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *''

Aporeomyia ''Aporeomyia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. It was formally placed in the family Tachinidae The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true fly, flies within the insect order Fly, Diptera, with more than 8,200 known ...

'' Pape & Shima, 1993 *'' Axinia'' Colless, 1994 *''

Azaisia ''Azaisia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *'' Azaisia obscura'' Villeneuve, 1939 *'' Azaisia setitarsis'' Villeneuve, 1939 Distribution Madeira Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), ...

'' Villeneuve, 1939 *''

Baniassa ''Baniassa'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,90 ...

'' Kugler, 1978 *''

Bezzimyia ''Bezzimyia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,9 ...

'' Townsend, 1919 *''

Bixinia ''Bixinia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 ...

'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *''

Comoromyia ''Comoromyia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *'' Comoromyia griseithorax'' Crosskey, 1977 Distribution Comoro Islands The Comoro Islands are a group of volcanic islands in the Mozambique Channel, an arm of the In ...

'' Crosskey, 1977 *''

Kinabalumyia ''Kinabalumyia'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *'' Kinabalumyia pinax'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 Distribution Sabah Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern ...

'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Macrotarsina'' Schiner, 1857 *'' Malayia'' Malloch, 1926 *'' Marshallicona'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Maurhinophora'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Melanomyoides'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Melanophora'' Meigen, 1803 *'' Metoplisa'' Kugler, 1978 *'' Neotarsina'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Oplisa''

Rondani Rondani is an Italian surname. Notable people having this name include: * Camillo Rondani, (1808–1879), an Italian entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera * Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani (15 July 1490 � ...

, 1862 *''

Oxytachina ''Oxytachina'' is a genus of Fly, flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *''Oxytachina approximata'' (Roger Ward Crosskey, Crosskey, 1977) *''Oxytachina atra'' (Bischof, 1904) *''Oxytachina bisetosa'' (Roger Ward Crosskey, Crosskey, 1977) *' ...

Brauer Brauer or Bräuer is a surname of German origin, meaning "brewer". Notable people with the name include:- * Alfred Brauer (1894–1985), German-American mathematician, brother of Richard * Andreas Brauer (born 1973), German film producer * Arik Bra ...

& von Berganstamm, 1891 *'' Parazamimus'' Verbeke, 1962 *'' Paykullia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *''

Phyto Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria to produce sugars fro ...

'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Queximyia'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Rhinodonia'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Rhinomorinia''

& von Bergenstamm, 1889 *'' Rhinopeza'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *''

Rhinophora ''Rhinophora'' is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *'' Rhinophora lepida'' ( Meigen, 1824) Distribution Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russ ...

'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Shannoniella'' Townsend, 1939 *'' Stevenia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Tricogena''

, 1856 *'' Tromodesia''

, 1856 *'' Trypetidomima'' Townsend, 1935 *'' Ventrops'' Crosskey, 1977

References

Calliphoridae Brachycera subfamilies Articles containing video clips Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy {{calliphoridae-stub