Revitalizant ( — life, can be literally translated to “bringing back to life”) is a semi-permanent treatment for

metals A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. These properties are all associated with having electrons available at the Fermi level, as against no ...

found in automobile engines, transmissions, fuel pumps, and other friction surfaces in industrial and other machines. The treatment is added to the engine oil, operating

fluid In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously motion, move and Deformation (physics), deform (''flow'') under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are M ...

s, or

fuel A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work (physics), work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chem ...

. The treatment forms a protective cermet or ceramic-metal

coating A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids e.g. powder coatings. Paints ...

on the friction metal parts of the mechanisms directly during the process of their operation. The '' Revitalizant '' solves the problem of non-wear operation of cars and mechanisms.

History

The ''Revitalizant'' was developed in 1998 in

Kharkiv Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.

(

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

) by

XADO Xado () is a multinational chemical group with headquarters in Germany, the Netherlands, and Ukraine, manufacturing high-tech nano technology products and lubricants such as revitalizants, lubricants, oils, greases, aftermarket oil additives, f ...

. The composition and the method of its preparation are patented. The notion was included in the textbook on

tribology Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative Motion (physics), motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, c ...

Description

Visually it is a

gel A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still d ...

or a plastic substance. It consists of a lubricant and a mixture of

oxide An oxide () is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation st ...

s and metal oxide

hydrate In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understo ...

s: Al₂O₃ and/or SiO₂ and/or MgO and/or CaO and/or Fe₂O₃ etc., with

dispersion Dispersion may refer to: Economics and finance *Dispersion (finance), a measure for the statistical distribution of portfolio returns * Price dispersion, a variation in prices across sellers of the same item *Wage dispersion, the amount of variat ...

from 100 to 10,000

nanometer 330px, Different lengths as in respect to the Molecule">molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling Despite the va ...

Properties

*Under certain conditions (

pressure Pressure (symbol: ''p'' or ''P'') is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled ''gage'' pressure)The preferred spelling varies by country and eve ...

and

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measurement, measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making ...

) typical for the contact of the parts during friction, the substances contained in the revitalizant act as a

catalyst Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...

for creating the metal

carbide In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. Interstitial / Metallic carbides The carbides of th ...

of coupling materials.

\mathrm{n Me + m C \rightarrow  Me_nC_m },

where Me stands for metal; C - carbon. *Particles of the substance have the form similar to the spherical and during the process of friction they are acting as

surface hardening Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, in order to harden the surface. Iron which has a carbon content greater than ~0.02% is known ...

and at the same time as rolling substances, reducing the

friction coefficient Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of t ...

Process

The process of the protective

formation, called revitalization, is based on physical-chemical interaction between surfaces of the parts on the spots of virtual contact covered with revitalizant in a boundary or mixed lubrication mode. As a result a gradient

cermet A cermet is a composite material composed of ceramic and metal materials. A cermet can combine attractive properties of both a ceramic, such as high temperature resistance and hardness, and those of a metal, such as the ability to undergo pla ...

coating is formed, containing positive compressive stresses all over its depth and concentration of

carbon Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 ...

, increasing at the surface (up to the formation of

diamond Diamond is a Allotropes of carbon, solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of e ...

-like structures). Distinctive feature of the process is a hardening of the coating with its simultaneous growthDzhus R. N. System-physic approach to the explanation of anti-wear friction with the use of revitalizants / /Public Information and Computer Technology: Collection of scientific papers. 23rd Publication – Kharkiv: National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute". – 2004. – P.183-186 (in Russian)

Application

Used in the manufacture of

lubricant A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, ...

s, greases and

additives Additive may refer to: Mathematics * Additive function, a function in number theory * Additive map, a function that preserves the addition operation * Additive set-function see Sigma additivity * Additive category, a preadditive category with fin ...

References

Lubricants Oil additives