Renhua County ( postal: Yanfa; ) is a

county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

in the northernmost portion of

Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...

province, in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

, bordering

Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...

to the northeast and

Hunan Hunan is an inland Provinces of China, province in Central China. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the Administrative divisions of China, province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Gu ...

to the northwest. It is under the administration of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

Shaoguan Shaoguan is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province ( Yuebei), South China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng. Its built-u ...

. Renhua County spans an area of , and has a population of 200,354 as of the

2010 Chinese Census The 2010 Chinese census, officially the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国第六次全国人口普查), was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China wi ...

History

During his reign,

Nanyue Nanyue ( zh, c=南越 or 南粵, p=Nányuè, cy=, j=Naam4 Jyut6, l=Southern Yue, , ), was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general Zhao Tuo, whose family (known in Vietnamese as the Triệu dynasty) continued to rule until ...

emperor

Zhao Tuo Zhao Tuo (), rendered as Triệu Đà in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, was a Qin dynasty Chinese general and first emperor of Nanyue. He participated in the conquest of the Baiyue peoples of Guangdong, Guangxi and Northern Vietnam. After ...

oversaw the construction of the city of in present-day , Renhua County. Upon the Nanyue capitulation to the Han dynasty, the area of present-day Renhua County was incorporated as Qujiang County (). In 479 CE,Renhua Governmen
Official County Portal
Accessed Nov.11.2015. during the

Southern Qi Qi, known in historiography as the Southern Qi ( or ) or Xiao Qi (), was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the second of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. It followed the Liu Song dynasty and was succee ...

, Renhua County was carved out of Qujiang County. However, during the

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () or Xiao Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was pre ...

, Renhua County was merged back into Qujiang County. In 688 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ruizong of the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

, Renhua County was re-established. Renhua County remained intact until 973 CE, during the reign of Emperor Taizu of the

Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...

, when it was merged into Lechang County (). In 1000 CE, under the reign of

Emperor Zhenzong Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to his death in 1022. His personal name was originally Zhao Dechang, but was change ...

, Renhua County was again re-established. In 1949, the

People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...

took control of Renhua County as part of Beijiang zone of

. The

Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

government then established the People's Government of Renhua County (). In 1958, Renhua County was abolished and placed under the direct jurisdiction of

. Renhua County was re-established in 1961. In 1968, the Renhua County people's committee was withdrawn, and a revolutionary committee was established, which belongs to the revolutionary committee of Shaoguan District. In 1980, People's Government of Renhua County was restored and put under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan District. In 1983,

was upgraded to a

prefecture A prefecture (from the Latin word, "''praefectura"'') is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect. This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain inter ...

Geography

Renhua County is located in the far north of

province, and borders the

provinces A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term ''provi ...

and

. It borders

Shixing County Shixing County ( postal: Chihing; ) is a county of Shaoguan, Guangdong province, China, bordering Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map ...

and

Nanxiong Nanxiong (), historically Namyung, Namhung, and Nanhsiung, is a county-level city of northern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangxi to the north, east and southeast. It is under the administration of Guangdong Province. ...

to the east, Qujiang District to the south,

Lechang Lechang (; historically Lokchong) is a county-level city in the northern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan province to the north. It is under the administration of Shaoguan prefecture-level city A prefecture-l ...

and

Zhenjiang District Zhenjiang District () is a district of Shaoguan, a city in northern Guangdong Province ( Yuebei), China. Zhenjiang is seat of Shaoguan. As of 2021, there are 10 county-level administrative divisions including 3 subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-di ...

to the west,

Rucheng County Rucheng County () is a county in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chenzhou. Located in the southeastern corner of the province, the county is bordered to the northwest by Yizhang County, to the ...

in Hunan province to the north, and both

Chongyi County Chongyi County () is a county under the jurisdiction of Ganzhou Municipality, in the southwest of Jiangxi province, China. Statistics Chongyi has an area of and population of 200,000. Administration The county executive, legislature, judiciary a ...

and Dayu County in Jiangxi province to the northeast. The

is located along the southern foot of the

Nanling Mountains The Nanling (), also known as the Wuling (), is a major mountain range in Southern China that separates the Pearl River Basin from the Yangtze Valley and serves as the dividing line between south and central subtropical zones. The main rang ...

, and has mostly mountainous terrain. Renhua is located just north of the

Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, also known as the Northern Tropic, is the Earth's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun ...

Climate

It has a subtropical monsoon climate (

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

classification Cfa). The average annual temperature is , the average annual rainfall is , and the average frost-free period lasts 308 days.

Administrative divisions

Renhua County administers 1

subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Ind ...

and 10

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

. These

township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. Ho ...

then, in turn, administer 109 village-level divisions. The county's sole subdistrict is , which houses the county government. The county administers the towns of , , , , , , , Daqiao, , and .

Demographics

As of the

, Renhua County has a population of 200,354, up from the 163,213 recorded in the

2000 Chinese Census The 2000 Chinese census, officially the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), was conducted by the government of the People's Republic of China with 1 November 2000 as its zero hour. The total population was calcul ...

. A 2011 estimate put Renhua County's population at 201,700 people, and a 2008 report stated Renhua County had 229,861

hukou ''Hukou'' ( zh, c=户口, l=household individual) is a system of household registration used in the People's Republic of China. The system itself is more properly called ''huji'' ( zh, c=户籍, l=household origin), and has origins in Histo ...

holders. In 1996, Renhua County's population was estimated at 180,000.

Languages

The most commonly spoken languages in Renhua County are

Cantonese Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While th ...

Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...

, and

Hakka The Hakka (), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese, or Hakka Chinese, or Hakkas, are a southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China ...

. Some of towns speaking

Shaozhou Tuhua Shaozhou Tuhua (traditional: 韶州土話; simplified: 韶州土话 ''Sháozhōu Tǔhuà'' " Shaoguan Tuhua"), also known as Yuebei Tuhua (), is an unclassified Chinese variety spoken in northern Guangdong province, China. It is mutually unintel ...

(Sat Na Wa).

Tourism

Notable natural features in Renhua County include

Mount Danxia Mount Danxia () is a noted scenic mountainous area in Renhua County, in the northern part of Guangdong province. It is described on the local signage as a "world famous UNESCO geopark of China". It was inscribed as part of the Danxia landform, Chi ...

(), and Mount Wanshi Grassland (), one of the rare

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...

s in

province. Historical attractions include (), in the

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

of (), (), and ().

Mount Danxia

Mount Danxia is a Danxia landform designated as a

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

, a , a National Nature Reserve, a National Geopark, and a National 5A Tourist Attraction. Nicknamed "The Red Stone Park of China", it is the largest attraction by area in Guangdong province, covering . It is formed by red lake and river gravel rock from 70 thousand years. In addition, it has the shape most abundant among Danxia land-form, especially the male and female stone. It is mainly divided into the Danxia scenic area, Shao Shi Xian traveled scenic, attractions, scenic spots and scenic Jinjiang gallery. In 1988, Mount Danxia was listed as a National Park of China, a National Nature Reserve, a National Geopark, and a National 5A Tourist Attraction. In 2004, Danxia Mountain was listed as a

UNESCO Global Geopark UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nati ...

. Mount Danxia has a lot of resources including 1,916 kind of plants, 88 mammals, 288 birds, 86 reptiles, 37 amphibians, 100 fishes and 1,023 insects.

Mount Wanshi Grassland

The highest point in Renhua County is , which serves as the tripoint between Renhua County,

, and

. The mountain is also known as Mount Sishui () in Hunan, and Mount Fanzi () in Jiangxi. Mount Wanshi reaches in elevation, and is located from Mount Danxia. Like Mount Danxia, Mount Wanshi is a Danxia landform. Mount Wanshi is the source of the Jin River. Mount Wanshi was the site of battles during the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...

, and part of the

Long March The Long March ( zh, s=长征, p=Chángzhēng, l=Long Expedition) was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from advancing Kuomintang forces during the Chinese Civil War, occurring between October 1934 and ...

passed through Mount Wanshi. The annual average temperature of this special area is , the annual average rainfall is , and there are more than 100 types of animals and more than 30 types of plants. Mount Wanshi is a popular regional destination for

ecotourism Ecotourism is a form of nature-oriented tourism intended to contribute to the Ecological conservation, conservation of the natural environment, generally defined as being minimally impactful, and including providing both contributions to conserv ...

Shuangfeng Fort

Built in 1915, Shuangfeng Fort is located in the town of , to the west of Renhua County's center. It covers . Shuangfeng Fort served as a defensive fort, made from limestone and ancient black brick which made it very strong. The fort is surrounded by a moat. In 1928, forces from the Red Army and the Kuomintang fought at Shuangfeng Fort. In 2006, Shuangfeng Fort was approved by the

State Council State Council may refer to: Government * State Council of the People's Republic of China, the national cabinet and chief administrative authority of China, headed by the Premier * State Council of the Republic of Korea, the national cabinet of S ...

on the sixth batch of national key cultural relic unit under state protection list.

Chengkou Guqincheng

Located in , Guqincheng is to the north of the county center. It controlled the route from Guangdong Province to Hunan Province as it east village was fixed up the city group, south * en streams (where the west water), west street, north to SanJiaoPing to old salt. With a height of , and a width of , Chengkou Guqincheng was listed as a county-level cultural relic protection unit in 1982. It was built under the administration of

emperor

, but was rebuilt in

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

after being destroyed.

Yunlong Pagoda

Located in , Yunlong Pagoda is a

pagoda A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often Buddhist, but some ...

built between 894 CE and 901 CE, during the Tang dynasty. The pagoda was originally called Xishan Pagoda (), but was renamed in the

. Yunlong Pagoda has a rectangular shape, and is five stories in height, with the top reaching high. The length of the first floor is , although higher floors have a smaller area. The pagoda's architecture is distinct to the

. In January 1988, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Sixi Pagoda

Also located in Dongtang, Sixi Pagoda faces Yunlong Pagoda across Sixi Mountain. It was built in 1075 and listed as the second paper unit of Guangdong Province. The tower has a height of and made of brick. It not only has an architectural feature of Tang Dynasty, but with the style of

. It is a loft-style tower which made of examinations in the imitation wood for external, the door with arch plane, shape likes flat square, round flat seat Chuanxin wall internal, with blue bricks' Chuanxin ladder, can connect to the top floor.

Cuisine

Cuisine in Renhua County includes Shitang rice wine, Field-snail casserole, Hongshan white-hair tea, Danxia pickled radish, Huangkeng citrus Gonggan, and Xiafu

pomelo The pomelo ( ; or pummelo, ''Citrus maxima''), also known as a shaddock, is the largest citrus fruit. It is an ancestor of several cultivated citrus species, including the bitter orange and the grapefruit. It is a natural, non-hybrid citrus fr ...

Shitang rice wine

Shitang rice wine has a history of more than 300 years. The unique taste is attributed to the requirement that it must be made with local water. The foam from Shitang Rice Wine often accumulates in cups, giving it the nickname "stacking flowers".

Field-snail casserole

Field-snail casserole is one of the local feather foodies. The dish is made with locally planted betel nut palm. It is locally used to dispel the cold.

Hongshan white-hair tea

Hongshan white-hair tea was used as a royal

tribute A tribute (; from Latin ''tributum'', "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state con ...

during the

. The tea is a kind of

green tea Green tea is a type of tea made from the leaves and buds of the '' Camellia sinensis'' that have not undergone the withering and oxidation process that creates oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China in the late 1st millenn ...

which has the leaves' white "hair" in it. The tea tastes sweet and delicate, and is the first of three white-hair tea in China.

Danxia pickled radish

Danxia Pickled Radish is made a by local secret recipe, and is round, crispy, and acidic.

Huangkeng citrus Gonggan

Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is grown in , which neighbors

. Huangkeng has a special climate and soil condition which is suitable for Gonggan growing. Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is characterized by its uniquely thin skin, seedless-ness, and sweet

flesh Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscles, fats and other loose connective tissues, ...

Xiafu Pomelo

Xiafu pomelo is sweet and fragrant. With its climate and soil conditions the shape, flesh, and taste of Xiafu pomelo is the similar to pomelo from Shatian

Guangxi Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằn ...

References

{{authority control County-level divisions of Guangdong Shaoguan National Civilized City