Renewable Energy Zones (REZs) are areas designated by the

Australian government The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government or simply as the federal government, is the national executive government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The executive consists of the pr ...

for large-scale deployment of

renewable energy Renewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable resource, renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human lifetime, human timescale. The most widely used renewable energy types are solar energy, wind pow ...

infrastructure. The goal of REZs is to co-locate renewable energy infrastructure and investment within Australia's

National Electricity Market The National Electricity Market (NEM) is an arrangement in Australia's electricity sector for the connection of the electricity transmission grids of the eastern and southern Australia states and territories to create a cross-state wholesale ele ...

(NEM), reducing the overall costs of electricity

generation A generation is all of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively. It also is "the average period, generally considered to be about 20–⁠30 years, during which children are born and grow up, become adults, and b ...

and

transmission Transmission or transmit may refer to: Science and technology * Power transmission ** Electric power transmission ** Transmission (mechanical device), technology that allows controlled application of power *** Automatic transmission *** Manual tra ...

. The

New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...

government describes REZs as "the equivalent of modern-day power stations", combining generators, storage, and high-voltage transmission. As of 2025, there are five announced renewable energy zones in

, six in

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India * Victoria (state), a state of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital * Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...

, one in

Tasmania Tasmania (; palawa kani: ''Lutruwita'') is an island States and territories of Australia, state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland, and is separated from it by the Bass Strait. The sta ...

, and twelve planned in

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

. The

Australian Energy Market Operator The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) performs an array of gas and electricity market, operational, development and planning functions. It manages the National Electricity Market (NEM), the Wholesale Electricity Market (WA) (WEM) and the ...

shortlisted a total of 43 potential REZs in its 2024 Integrated System Plan. Most renewable energy zones have been designed to host one or more types of renewable energy infrastructure, such as

solar farms A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, solar farm, or solar power plant, is a large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power system (PV system) designed for the supply of merchant power. They are different from most building ...

wind farm A wind farm, also called a wind park or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundred wind turbines covering an exten ...

battery storage A battery energy storage system (BESS), battery storage power station, battery energy grid storage (BEGS) or battery grid storage is a type of energy storage technology that uses a group of batteries in the grid to store electrical energy. Batte ...

, or

pumped hydropower Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. A PSH system stores energy in the form of gravitational potent ...

. One of the primary goals of REZs is to coordinate the development of transmission infrastructure, taking advantage of the existing infrastructure associated with

fossil fuel A fossil fuel is a flammable carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the buried remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants or microplanktons), a process that occurs within geolog ...

plants scheduled for decommission. The Australian Electricity Market Operator projects that Australia will need an additional 10,000km of transmission lines in order to support the transition to renewable energy. Renewable energy zones have been controversial in many areas of regional Australia, with concerns ranging from a loss of agricultural land to fears of overdevelopment and damage to natural landscapes. Some

Indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology) In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often populari ...

communities have opposed the use of their traditional lands for renewable energy infrastructure development. Developers and governments have attempted to assuage these concerns by offering payments to land owners and communities impacted by renewable energy projects.

History

Following a restructuring of the Australian electricity market in the 1990s, transmission utilities began to play a responsive role to the introduction of new generation capacity. Australia's NEM adopted an 'open access' model that allowed electricity generators to negotiate access to any part of the network at any time. However, an influx of variable renewable energy starting in the 2010s placed pressure on Australia's electricity grid. Over 16,000 megawatts of renewable energy entered the NEM between 2016 and 2021, stretching network hosting capacity and degrading system strength. This led to generation curtailment and connection lags. Renewable energy zones have long been discussed as a potential solution to the problem of network congestion. Locational coordination has been identified as a way to address the stress placed on network hosting capacity by an uncoordinated influx of renewable energy. The first major renewable energy zone was established in the

Electric Reliability Council of Texas The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Inc. (ERCOT) is an American organization that operates Texas's electrical grid, the Texas Interconnection, which supplies power to more than 25 million Texas customers and represents 90 percent of the st ...

in the early 2000s. Additional efforts at coordinating renewable energy development in zones have taken shape in places that include North America, India, South Africa and the Philippines. The term 'renewable energy zone' was first used in the Australian context in Queensland in 2016 to describe a set of policies to build up transmission and generation infrastructure in Far North Queensland. An integrated plan for renewable energy zones was recommended in the 2017 Independent Review into the Future Security of the National Electricity Market. In its 2018 Integrated System Plan, the

responded to this recommendation by assessing 34 candidate REZs and argued that REZs would "provide an effective, least-cost way to integrate new generation, storage, and transmission development". Renewable energy zones were also recommended in the 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, which argued that coordinating investment in REZs would lead to lower wholesale and network costs for users over time. The

Australian Energy Market Commission The Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC) was set up by the Council of Australian Governments through the Ministerial Council on Energy in 2005. The AEMC was established by the ''Australian Energy Market Commission Establishment Act 2004 ...

released an initial discussion paper on the regulatory framework for renewable energy zones in October 2019. In its most recent 2024 Integrated System Plan, the AEMO shortlisted 43 potential REZs. As of January 2025, New South Wales has announced five renewable energy zones, Victoria has announced six, Queensland has announced twelve, and Tasmania has announced one. While REZs are managed at the state level, several REZs are adjacent to one of the federal government's six announced offshore wind zones.

Locations

New South Wales

As of 2025, New South Wales has announced five renewable energy zones: the Illawarra, Hunter-Central Coast, South-West, Central-West Orana and New England REZs. In June 2024 the Central-West Orana REZ, located in the region surrounding

Dubbo Dubbo (; ) is a city in the Orana (New South Wales), Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with a population of 43,516 at June 2021. The city is located at the intersection of the ...

, became the first REZ to win planning approval. The New South Wales Energy Infrastructure Roadmap, published in 2020, aims to add 12 gigawatts of renewable energy generation and 2 gigawatts of long-duration storage to the state's energy grid by 2030. The plan is expected to cost $32 billion by 2030. In New South Wales, landowners in REZs are paid for hosting infrastructure, such as wind turbines and transmission lines, on their land. Landowners are expected to receive a total of $1.5 billion in lease payments by 2042. NSW offers land owners $200,000 over 20 years for each kilometre of transmission line they host, and more than $40,000 per wind turbine and $1500 per hectare of solar farm. In 2023, the New South Wales government announced an 'access fee' scheme that would charge renewable energy developers a minimum of $1700 per megawatt per year to be invested in community funds designated for health, housing, infrastructure, education and other projects in REZs.

Central-West Orana REZ

The Central-West Orana REZ is located in the Orana region of north-central New South Wales surrounding the town of

. In June 2024, the Central-West Orana REZ became the first REZ in Australia to win planning approval. Construction began in late 2024 and the REZ is expected to be operational by 2028. The REZ is expected to add 4.5 gigawatts of network capacity by 2028, with an intended total capacity of 6 gigawatts, and will bring $20 billion of investment and 5000 jobs to the region at its construction peak. The project involves 90 kms of 500 kV transmission lines and 150 kms of 330 kV transmission lines, connecting generators in the REZ to existing load centres in

Sydney Sydney is the capital city of the States and territories of Australia, state of New South Wales and the List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Syd ...

Newcastle Newcastle usually refers to: *Newcastle upon Tyne, a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle-under-Lyme, a town in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle, New South Wales, a metropolitan area ...

and

Wollongong Wollongong ( ; Dharawal: ''Woolyungah'') is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language, meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near water' or 'sound ...

. The project will also involve the construction of energy hubs at Merotherie and Elong Elong, and a new switching station at

Wollar Wollar is a village in New South Wales, Australia. The town is located north west of the state capital Sydney and north-east of the regional centre of Mudgee, near the Goulburn River National Park. At the , Wollar and the surrounding region had ...

. In 2025, AceRez ordered 7

synchronous condenser In electrical engineering, a synchronous condenser (sometimes called a syncon, synchronous capacitor or synchronous compensator) is a DC-excited synchronous motor, whose shaft is not connected to anything but spins freely. Its purpose is not to c ...

s (syncon), 250 M VAR each, to supply grid stability for the zone. The Central-West Orana REZ was strongly opposed by some members of the community. Of 398 submissions to the planning authority, 369 were objections and just 3 expressed support. Some objectors are from other states. Landowners have expressed concerns about the impact of new transmission lines on their properties, with some complaining that they were forced to negotiate "with a gun to their heads" due to the threat of compulsory acquisition. However, by June 2024, 97% of landowners had signed in-principle agreements to have their land acquired for the construction of transmission lines.

New England REZ

The New England REZ is located in the

Northern Tablelands The Northern Tablelands, also known as the New England Tableland, is a plateau and a region of the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales, Australia. It includes the New England Range, the narrow highlands area of the New England regio ...

region of New South Wales, centered on the town of

Armidale Armidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale had a population of 23,967 as of the 2021 census. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands reg ...

. The REZ is expected to contribute 6 gigawatts of network capacity by 2033, and up to 8 gigawatts in total. The project will involve the construction of four energy hubs to bring together power from wind farms, solar farms and batteries across the REZ, and a transmission corridor to the existing power station at

Bayswater Bayswater is an area in the City of Westminster in West London. It is a built-up district with a population density of 17,500 per square kilometre, and is located between Kensington Gardens to the south, Paddington to the north-east, and ...

. According to the New South Wales government's EnergyCo, the REZ is expected to deliver $10.7 billion in private sector investment and 2000 jobs in the region. A 1 GW battery is proposed for the REZ. The project has been opposed by local state MP Brendan Moylan and federal MP

Barnaby Joyce Barnaby Thomas Gerard Joyce (born 17 April 1967) is an Australian politician who was the leader of the National Party of Australia from 2016 to 2018 and again from 2021 to 2022. Joyce was the 17th deputy prime minister of Australia during both ...

, both members of the

National Party National Party or Nationalist Party may refer to: Active parties * National Party of Australia, commonly known as ''The Nationals'' * Bangladesh: ** Bangladesh Nationalist Party ** Jatiya Party (Ershad) a.k.a. ''National Party (Ershad)'' * Californ ...

. The REZ has been controversial in the region, with some farmers expressing fears of lost land value and complaining of a lack of consultation. Ark Energy's plans for a Doughboy Mountain Wind Farm near Armidale were scrapped in July 2024 after 9 land owners changed their minds about hosting wind turbines on their properties.

Hunter-Central Coast REZ

The Hunter-Central Coast REZ is located in the

Hunter Region The Hunter Region, also commonly known as the Hunter Valley, Newcastle Region, or simply Hunter, spans the region in northern New South Wales, Australia, extending from approximately to north of Sydney. It contains the Hunter River (New Sout ...

and encompasses

and its surrounds. The REZ is adjacent to the Commonwealth's Hunter offshore wind zone. The REZ is expected to add 1 gigawatt of network capacity and will take advantage of infrastructure associated with the region's historical role as a coal mining and electricity generation hub. A 2022 expression of interest process saw 40 gigawatts and more than $100 billion of interest, including 24 solar projects, 13 onshore and 7 offshore wind projects, 8 pumped hydro energy storage projects and 35 battery storage projects. In December 2024,

Ausgrid Ausgrid is an electricity distribution company which owns, maintains and operates the electrical networks supplying 1.8 million customers servicing more than 4 million people in Sydney, the Central Coast and Hunter regions of New South Wale ...

was named the preferred network operator for the REZ. The development of wind farms in the region has seen strong opposition from some resident groups.

South-West REZ

The South-West REZ is located in south-western New South Wales surrounding the town of

Hay Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticate ...

. The renewable energy zone, announced in 2022, has a target of 3.98 gigawatts of grid capacity and 1 gigawatt of long-term storage. During the tender for access rights, bids for projects amounting to 15 gigawatts of capacity and 2 gigawatts of storage were received. An announcement on access rights is anticipated in February 2025. The renewable energy zone has reportedly received substantially less local opposition than the state's other REZs, and is expected to bring $2.8 billion in private investment to the region.

Illawarra REZ

The Illawarra REZ is located in the

Illawarra The Illawarra is a coastal Regions of New South Wales, region in the southeast of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is situated immediately south of Sydney and north of the South Coast, New South Wales, South Coast region. It encompas ...

region, south of

. The region was declared New South Wales' fifth renewable energy zone in February 2023. The zone has been described as "unique" in that it will both produce and consume electricity, unlike other REZs located in more regional areas with little local demand for electricity. The Illawarra REZ will have a focus on offshore wind energy, taking advantage of existing port facilities built to support the coal and steel industries. It is expected to add at least 1 gigawatt of network capacity, with completion anticipated after 2030. The REZ is connected to one of Australia's six Commonwealth offshore wind zones, which will cover an area of 1022 square kilometres located 20 kilometres off the coast. The offshore wind zone has been controversial and is opposed by the

Coalition A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces. Formation According to ''A G ...

, with opponents claiming that offshore wind turbines are visually unappealing and will have a negative impact on the marine environment. This local opposition led to the circulation of a fake journal article claiming that the zone would kill 400 whales per year. The offshore wind zone was reduced to 1022 square kilometres from its original size of 1461 square kilometres and was moved further from the coast in response to these concerns. The offshore wind zone is anticipated to host up to 2.9 gigawatts of offshore wind capacity, and will support the large steel plant at

Port Kembla A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inla ...

Victoria

Victoria has announced six planned renewable energy zones: the South West Victoria, Western Victoria, Murray River, Central North Victoria, Ovens Murray and Gippsland REZs. In 2020, the Victorian government pledged $543 million to fund the REZ scheme, and in 2022 the federal government pledged an additional $1.5 billion. The Victorian government plans to use REZs to add up to 10 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity and up to 6.3 gigawatts of storage capacity by 2035. The REZs will be overseen by VicGrid, which will cap the projects that can be built in each REZ to minimise curtailment. Victoria's REZs are currently in the planning stage, with VicGrid in the process of mapping out the location of potential future wind farms, solar farms and transmission lines. The REZs will also be supported by the Melbourne Renewable Energy Hub located in Plumpton, which will include a 2.4 gigawatt battery set to be the largest in the Asia Pacific. As in other states, Victoria's REZs have seen opposition from farmers and landowners concerned about the impact of renewable energy development. Many of these concerns have centred on the potential loss of agricultural land, as well as the visual effect of wind turbines and transmission lines. The Victorian government has initiated efforts to ensure that REZs maintain their "social license", including offering payments to affected communities and landowners. Victoria's largest REZ will be the Gippsland REZ, located in the

Gippsland Gippsland () is a rural region in the southeastern part of Victoria, Australia, mostly comprising the coastal plains south of the Victorian Alps (the southernmost section of the Great Dividing Range). It covers an elongated area of east of th ...

region of south-eastern Victoria. The Gippsland REZ will connect to the federal government's Gippsland offshore wind zone. The offshore wind zone is expected to create 3000 construction jobs and 3000 operational jobs, and will add up to 10 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity upon completion. A second offshore wind zone is planned for the Southern Ocean, adjacent to the South West REZ. It will cover approximately 1000 square kilometres — having been scaled down from over 5000 square kilometres due to concerns from environmental groups — and will generate up to 2.9 gigawatts of wind energy.

Queensland

Queensland has identified twelve potential REZs across three zones. As of 2025, there are three in-flight REZ projects in Queensland: the Western Downs, Southern Downs and Far North Queensland REZs. These in flight REZ projects are being conducted under the existing National Electricity Rules, and may be converted to declared REZs in the future. Additional REZ projects under newly passed enabling legislation will be commenced in three phases, with phase 1 anticipated for the early-mid 2020s, phase 2 for the mid-late 2020s, and phase 3 for the early 2030s. The Queensland government plans to connect 22 gigawatts of renewable energy to the grid through its 12 REZs and anticipates that REZs will create 4000 direct construction jobs. The Queensland government is currently in the process of conducting a number of REZ Readiness Assessments in consultation with communities. In September 2024, Queensland selected

Powerlink Queensland Powerlink Queensland (formally the Queensland Electricity Transmission Corporation Limited) is a transmission system operator owned by the Queensland Government which operates high-voltage electricity transmission infrastructure throughout Queens ...

as the state's REZ Delivery Body. The decarbonisation plan is expected to cost a total of $62 billion. The projects anticipated as part of the REZ Roadmap include pumped hydropower projects in Borumba and

Burdekin The Shire of Burdekin is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia in the Dry Tropics region. The district is located between Townsville and Bowen in the delta of the Burdekin River. The shire covers an area of . It has e ...

, green hydrogen hubs in

Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British politican, starting as Conservative MP for Newark and later becoming the leader of the Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party. In a career lasting over 60 years, he ...

and

Townsville The City of Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With a population of 201,313 as of 2024, it is the largest settlement in North Queensland and Northern Australia (specifically, the parts of Australia north of ...

, and new transmission lines, including the CopperString line from

Mount Isa Mount Isa ( ) is a city in the Gulf Country region of Queensland, Australia. It came into existence because of the vast mineral deposits found in the area. Mount Isa Mines (MIM) is one of the most productive mines in world history, based on co ...

. Fossil fuel power stations, including

Kogan Creek Power Station The Kogan Creek Power Station is a 750 megawatt coal fired power station owned by CS Energy on the Darling Downs in Queensland. The $1.2 billion plant is situated at Brigalow, in the Surat Basin between Dalby and Chinchilla. Background Kog ...

Tarong Power Station The Tarong Power Station is a coal fired power station located on a site in Tarong in the South Burnett Region near the town of Nanango, in Queensland, Australia. The station has a maximum generating capacity of 1,400 megawatts, generated fr ...

and

Swanbank Power Station The Swanbank Power Stations are located in Swanbank, Queensland, Swanbank within South East Queensland, Australia. The original power station was coal fired, but the site has since moved to gas. By 2007 the site had consisted of the highly effi ...

, will be converted into renewable energy hubs. Queensland is also piloting Local Renewable Energy Zones in the towns of Townsville and

Caloundra Caloundra ( ) is a coastal town in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the town of Caloundra had a population of 96,305 people. Geography Caloundra is north of the Brisbane central business district. Caloundra is acce ...

. This will involve the development of shared rooftop solar and battery energy storage systems that will allow households to transfer energy generated from rooftop solar into community batteries.

Tasmania

Tasmania's planned North West REZ will be the first renewable energy zone in the state. The REZ covers 115,000 hectares surrounding the city of

Burnie Burnie ( ; Aboriginal Tasmanians#North, pirinilaplu/palawa kani: ''Pataway'') is a port city located on the North West Tasmania, north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the fourth largest city on the island, located approximately north ...

. The REZ will involve the construction of transmission projects including the

Marinus Link Marinus Link is a proposed 750 megawatt capacity high voltage direct current (HVDC) electricity interconnector, to strengthen the connection between the Australian states of Tasmania and Victoria, on Australia's National Electricity Market. Due t ...

subsea cable, as well as a number of wind farms, including a 450 megawatt wind farm at

Guildford Guildford () is a town in west Surrey, England, around south-west of central London. As of the 2011 census, the town has a population of about 77,000 and is the seat of the wider Borough of Guildford, which had around inhabitants in . The nam ...

, a 300 megawatt wind farm at Hellyer, and a proposed 900 megawatt wind farm at Robbins Island. It is also hoped that the REZ will support hydrogen exports from the state. The Tasmanian government hopes to use the Marinus Link cable to transmit excess renewable energy to mainland Australia, with a target of 200% renewable energy by 2040. The REZ is also adjacent to a federal government offshore wind zone in the

Bass Strait Bass Strait () is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The ...

. The offshore wind zone will be supported by a renewable energy hub at the Bell Bay port within the REZ. It will span 7100 square kilometres and will be located at least 30km off the coast, after being scaled down from an original proposed size of 10,136 square kilometres, and will host up to 20 gigawatts of renewable energy. The zone is expected to create up to 12,000 construction jobs and 6000 ongoing operational jobs.

Projects

Criticism

One of the primary criticisms of renewable energy zones has been their impact on agricultural land. The impact of REZs on agriculture is disputed; some farmers argue that transmission lines and wind turbines have little impact on their operation, while others argue that renewable energy projects have seriously disrupted their farms and pose a threat to Australian agriculture. A 2024 survey conducted for lobby group Farmers for Climate Action found that a "silent majority" of farmers were in favour of renewable energy projects, but that their support was conditional on adequate consultation and project design considerations. Many farmers have expressed gratitude for the stable income provided by hosting renewable energy infrastructure, while others have complained of feeling threatened with compulsory acquisition or of being insufficiently consulted by developers. Both media reports and academic studies have found that REZs have the potential to "split" regional communities and create discord between supporters and opponents of renewable energy. Critics of REZs have also pointed to the impact of large-scale renewable energy development on the environment. Opponents of offshore wind have argued that wind farms can have a negative impact on marine ecosystems, particularly on whales. Conservationists have also opposed REZ projects due to their impact on biodiversity. A number of wind farm projects in Queensland have involved land clearing and have been opposed by conservationists for their potential impact on threatened species. Some Indigenous groups have also opposed renewable energy projects on their traditional lands and have expressed frustration at a perceived lack of consultation. Opponents of REZs have frequently criticised the size or scale of renewable energy infrastructure, as well as claiming that REZs have the potential to strain local infrastructure and services. Governments have attempted to respond to these concerns by establishing community benefit funds and emphasising local consultation in the development of REZs.

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite web , title=Renewable Energy Zones Discussion Paper , url=https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019-10/apo-nid263056.pdf , publisher=Australian Energy Market Commission , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=14 October 2019 {{cite journal , last1=Simshauser , first1=Paul , title=Renewable Energy Zones in Australia's National Electricity Market , journal=Energy Economics , date=1 September 2021 , volume=101 , pages=105446 , doi=10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105446 , bibcode=2021EneEc.10105446S , hdl=10072/406467 , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988321003340 , access-date=7 January 2025, hdl-access=free {{cite journal , last1=Simshauser , first1=Paul , last2=Billimoria , first2=Farhad , last3=Rogers , first3=Craig , title=Optimising VRE capacity in Renewable Energy Zones , journal=Energy Economics , date=September 2022 , volume=113 , doi=10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106239 , bibcode=2022EneEc.11306239S , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988322003838#s0010 , access-date=7 January 2025, url-access=subscription {{cite journal , last1=Simshauser , first1=Paul , last2=Gilmore , first2=Joel , title=Climate change policy discontinuity & Australia's 2016-2021 renewable investment supercycle , journal=Energy Policy , date=January 2022 , volume=160 , doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112648 , bibcode=2022EnPol.16012648S , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421521005139, url-access=subscription , hdl=10072/410728 , hdl-access=free {{cite web , last1=Finkel , first1=Alan , last2=Moses , first2=Karen , last3=Munro , first3=Chloe , last4=Effeney , first4=Terry , last5=O'Kane , first5=Mary , title=Independent Review into the Future Security of the National Electricity Market , url=https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/independent-review-future-nem-blueprint-for-the-future-2017.pdf , publisher=Commonwealth of Australia , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=June 2017 {{cite web , author1=Australian Energy Market Operator , title=Integrated System Plan , url=https://wa.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/electricity/nem/planning_and_forecasting/isp/2018/integrated-system-plan-2018_final.pdf?la=en&hash=40A09040B912C8DE0298FDF4D2C02C6C , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=July 2018 {{cite web , author1=Infrastructure Australia , title=The Australian Infrastructure Audit 2019 , url=https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20Infrastructure%20Audit%202019%20-%200.%20Executive%20Summary.pdf , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=June 2019 {{cite web , title=Renewable Energy Zones , url=https://www.energyco.nsw.gov.au/renewable-energy-zones , website=EnergyCo , publisher=New South Wales Government , access-date=7 January 2025 {{cite news , last1=Button , first1=James , title='We'll be living with these': The renewable-energy blitz dividing regional towns , url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-have-to-live-with-this-the-renewable-energy-blitz-dividing-regional-communities-20240617-p5jmc4.html , access-date=7 January 2025 , work=Sydney Morning Herald , date=20 July 2024 {{cite web , last1=Dyer , first1=Andrew , title=Community Engagement Review , url=https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/community-engagement-review-report-minister-climate-change-energy.pdf , publisher=Commonwealth of Australia , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=December 2023 {{cite web , title=Opportunities cost – how Australia is inadvertently squandering its long-term benefits from the energy transition , url=https://www.orangecompass.com.au/images/Orange_Compass_Energy_Transition_Whitepaper_August2023.pdf , publisher=Orange Compass , access-date=7 January 2025 , date=August 2023 {{cite journal , last1=Norman , first1=Heidi , last2=Briggs , first2=Chris , last3=Apolonio , first3=Therese , title=Advancing Aboriginal interests in the New South Wales renewable energy transition , journal=Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Discussion Papers , date=2023 , doi=10.25911/BW7K-MM24 , url=https://assets.nationbuilder.com/fncen/pages/232/attachments/original/1685504567/Norman_Briggs_Apolonio_Discussionpaper_012023.pdf?1685504567 , access-date=7 January 2025 {{cite news , last1=Wahlquist , first1=Calla , title='Silent majority' of Australian farmers found to support renewable energy transition , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/nov/26/australian-farmers-support-renewable-energy-transition , access-date=7 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=26 November 2024 {{cite web , title=Electricity Infrastructure Roadmap , url=https://www.energy.nsw.gov.au/nsw-plans-and-progress/major-state-projects/electricity-infrastructure-roadmap , website=NSW Climate and Energy Action , publisher=New South Wales Government , access-date=11 January 2025 {{cite web , title=What's involved in a Renewable Energy Zone? , url=https://www.energyco.nsw.gov.au/renewable-energy-zones/whats-involved-renewable-energy-zone , website=EnergyCo , publisher=NSW Government , access-date=11 January 2025 {{cite news , title=New England Renewable Energy Zone critical for NSW's clean energy future , url=https://www.netimes.com.au/2024/07/03/new-england-renewable-energy-zone-critical-for-nsws-clean-energy-future/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=New England Times , date=3 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Claughton , first1=David , last2=Condon , first2=Michael , last3=Bernasconi , first3=Amelia , title=Ark Energy shelves Armidale wind farm project after landholders change their minds , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-08-12/wind-farm-renewable-project-shelved-ark-energy-armidale/104142328 , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=12 August 2024 {{cite news , title=Scoping report for network infrastructure next big step for New England REZ , url=https://www.netimes.com.au/2024/07/31/scoping-report-for-network-infrastructure-next-big-step-for-new-england-rez/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=New England Times , date=31 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Parkinson , first1=Giles , title=New England transmission route revised, but not everyone is happy , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/new-england-transmission-route-revised-but-not-everyone-is-happy/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=14 March 2024 {{cite news , last1=Crosby , first1=RK , title=Moylan calls for a halt to the REZ , url=https://www.netimes.com.au/2024/08/29/new-england-rez-moratorium/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=New England Times , date=29 August 2024 {{cite news , last1=Parkinson , first1=Giles , title="The gig is up:" Joyce celebrates as wind project shelved and new route to New England zone unveiled , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/the-gig-is-up-joyce-celebrates-as-wind-project-shelved-and-new-route-to-new-england-zone-unveiled/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=31 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Burt , first1=Michael , title=REZ dialogue critical to success , url=https://www.netimes.com.au/2024/12/14/rez-dialogue-critical-to-success/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=New England Times , date=14 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=New England wind project shelved as local MP Barnaby Joyce takes anti-renewable vitriol to new low , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/new-england-wind-project-shelved-as-local-mp-barnaby-joyce-takes-anti-renewable-vitriol-to-new-low/ , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=29 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Claughton , first1=David , title=Renewable energy companies to pay 'access fee' generating millions for NSW renewable energy zones , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2023-07-25/renewable-energy-companies-pay-access-fee-millions-nsw-rez/102644988 , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=25 July 2023 {{cite news , last1=Kolovos , first1=Benita , title=Landowners whose views are spoiled by power lines could receive $40,000 under Victorian plan , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/jun/09/landowners-whose-views-are-spoiled-by-power-lines-could-receive-40000-under-victorian-plan , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=9 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=MacDonald-Smith , first1=Angela , title=Nation's first renewable energy zone wins approval , url=https://www.afr.com/companies/energy/nation-s-first-renewable-energy-zone-wins-approval-20240627-p5jp6n , access-date=11 January 2025 , work=Australian Financial Review , date=27 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Middleton , first1=Emily , last2=James , first2=Catherine , title=Renewable Energy Zone transmission lines in NSW Central West to go ahead, despite community concerns , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-27/renewable-energy-transmission-lines-go-ahead-central-west-nsw/104028854 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=27 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Foley , first1=Ev , title=Central-West Orana renewables zone transmission operator's licence granted , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2024/09/26/central-west-orana-renewables-zone-transmission-operators-licence-granted/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=26 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=Parkinson , first1=Giles , title=Australia's first renewable energy zone gets planning approval , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/australias-first-renewable-energy-zone-gets-planning-approval/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=27 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Carroll , first1=David , title=Access applications 'officially open' for Central-West Orana REZ , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2024/04/16/access-applications-officially-open-for-central-west-orana-rez/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=16 April 2024 {{cite news , last1=Foley , first1=Ev , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2024/08/09/commonwealth-greenlights-renewable-energy-zone-transmission-project/ , title=Commonwealth greenlights renewable energy zone transmission project , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=6 August 2024 {{cite news , last1=Parkinson , first1=Giles , title=NSW says an extra 2 GW of wind, solar and storage could be hosted in first renewable energy zone , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/nsw-says-an-extra-2-gw-of-wind-solar-and-storage-could-be-hosted-in-first-renewable-energy-zone/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=20 August 2024 {{cite news , last1=Norman , first1=Jane , title=Central West NSW will play a key role in the green energy transition. But the proposed projects are dividing farming communities , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-07/renewable-energy-zone-central-west-nsw-farmers/103432874 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=7 February 2024 {{cite news , last1=Fernandez , first1=Tim , title=No projects in the pipeline for $43 billion Illawarra Renewable Energy Zone , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-27/illawarra-renewable-energy-zone-fails-to-attract-investment/103511724 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=27 February 2024 {{cite news , last1=Beazley , first1=Jordyn , title=Offshore windfarm zone off Illawarra coast given green light in bid to 'power Australia's clean energy future' , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/jun/15/offshore-windfarm-zone-off-illawarra-coast-given-green-light-in-bid-to-power-australias-clean-energy-future , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=15 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Fuller , first1=Kelly , last2=Fernandez , first2=Tim , title=Federal government approves reduced offshore wind zone off Illawarra coast after community concerns , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-15/illawarra-declared-as-australias-fourth-offshore-wind-zone/103979732 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=15 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Parkinson , first1=Giles , title=NSW declares fifth renewable energy zone, with offshore wind and storage focus , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/nsw-declares-fifth-renewable-energy-zone-with-offshore-wind-and-storage-focus/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=27 February 2023 {{cite news , last1=Beazley , first1=Jordyn , title=NSW Liberal leader's party branch calls for opposition to offshore windfarms in Illawarra and Hunter , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/nov/24/nsw-liberal-leader-mark-speakman-cronulla-branch-windfarms-opposition , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=24 November 2023 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Offshore wind: Consultation opens on fourth development zone off Illawarra coast , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/offshore-wind-consultation-opens-on-new-development-zone-off-illawarra-coast/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=14 August 2023 {{cite news , last1=Fuller , first1=Kelly , title=Public consultation underway amid plan to create offshore wind zone in Illawarra, url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-08-14/illawarra-offshore-wind-zone-consultation-open/102725970 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=14 August 2023 {{cite news , last1=Carroll , first1=David , title=EnergyCo makes move to formalise Illawarra REZ , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2022/12/23/energyco-makes-move-to-formalise-illawarra-rez/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=23 December 2022 {{cite news , last1=Fitzsimmons , first1=Caitlin , title=Massive offshore wind zone for Illawarra coast gets green light , url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/massive-offshore-wind-zone-for-illawarra-coast-gets-go-ahead-20240614-p5jly3.html , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Sydney Morning Herald , date=14 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=O'Malley , first1=Nick , title=Projects hijacked by 'political actors like Peter Dutton suddenly pretending to care about whales' , url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/wind-farms-misinformation-peter-dutton-climate-change-20231101-p5egvn.html , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Sydney Morning Herald , date=4 November 2023 {{cite news , last1=Fernandez , first1=Tim , last2=James , first2=Melinda , title=Editor of scientific journal says fake study linking whale deaths to wind farms is 'deliberate misinformation' , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-07/editor-blasts-fake-study-linking-whale-deaths-to-wind-farms/103069922 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=7 November 2023 {{cite news , last1=Thompson , first1=Rod , title=Ausgrid to oversee Hunter-Central Coast Renewable Energy Zone , url=https://newcastleweekly.com.au/ausgrid-to-oversee-hunter-central-coast-renewable-energy-zone/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Newcastle Weekly , date=21 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=MacNamara , first1=Sarah , title=$569M NSW wind farm approved under strict conditions , url=https://www.energymagazine.com.au/569m-nsw-wind-farm-approved-under-strict-conditions/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Energy Magazine , date=8 February 2024 {{cite news , last1=Bernasconi , first1=Amelia , last2=Murphy , first2=Bridget , title=Interest in $100 billion worth of renewable energy projects registered for Hunter Valley coal region , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-16/renewable-energy-zone-for-hunter-valley-coal-region/100832774 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=16 February 2022 {{cite news , last1=Lapham , first1=Jake , title=Hunter resident group says wind farms not welcome as valley faces coal-free future , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-01/wind-farm-opposition-intensifies-near-hunter-coal-mines/100277510 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=1 February 2022 {{cite news , last1=Carroll , first1=David , title=NSW officially declares Hunter-Central Coast REZ , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2022/12/12/nsw-officially-declares-hunter-central-coast-rez/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=12 December 2022 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Hunter-Central Coast renewable energy zone takes crucial shape, opens to feedback , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/hunter-central-coast-renewable-energy-zone-takes-crucial-shape-opens-to-feedback/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=30 September 2022 {{cite web , title=Hunter, NSW declared offshore wind area , url=https://www.dcceew.gov.au/energy/renewable/offshore-wind/areas/hunter , website=Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water , publisher=Australian Government , access-date=12 January 2025 {{cite news , last1=Wakatama , first1=Giselle , last2=Scully , first2=Anthony , title=Hunter and Central Coast dubbed potential renewables superpower with creation of REZ , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-03/hunter-and-central-coast-dubbed-potential-renewable-superpower/100672612 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=3 December 2021 {{cite news , last1=MacDonald-Smith , first1=Angela , title=The man behind NSW's renewable energy zones , url=https://www.afr.com/companies/energy/costs-hamper-effort-to-deliver-nsw-renewable-energy-zones-20221122-p5c0f7 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Australian Financial Review , date=24 November 2022 {{cite news , last1=Foley , first1=Ev , title=South West Renewable Energy Zone attracts 15 GW of access right tenders , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2024/09/12/south-west-renewable-energy-zone-attracts-15-gw-of-access-right-tenders/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=12 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=Doak , first1=Emily , title=Renewable wind and solar farms on the Hay Plain in NSW to boost economy, build sustainable farms , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-09-22/renewables-nsw-town-embraces-wind-solar-to-boost-economy-farms/104355706 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=22 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=MacNamara , first1=Sarah , title=Tenders received for NSW REZ access rights , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/more-than-15gw-of-wind-solar-and-batteries-and-2gw-of-long-duration-storage-pile-in-to-landmark-nsw-tenders/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Energy Magazine , date=16 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=More than 15GW of wind, solar and batteries and 2GW of long duration storage pile in to landmark NSW tender , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/more-than-15gw-of-wind-solar-and-batteries-and-2gw-of-long-duration-storage-pile-in-to-landmark-nsw-tenders/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=12 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=Howden , first1=Saffron , title=How one tiny farming town is remaking itself as a renewable energy powerhouse , url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8678988/flat-tyre-to-green-future-hays-renewable-energy-revolution/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Canberra Times , date=3 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Hale , first1=Rueben , title=AEMO access rights for NSW renewable energy zone eagerly anticipated by developers , url=https://www.energynewsbulletin.net/energy-transition/news-analysis/4393800/aemo-access-rights-nsw-renewable-energy-zone-eagerly-anticipated-developers , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Energy News Bulletin , date=9 January 2025 {{cite news , last1=Perkins , first1=Miki , title='From sunny north to windy east': What are Victoria's renewable energy zones? , url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/from-sunny-north-to-windy-east-what-are-victoria-s-renewable-energy-zones-20201125-p56hsl.html , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Age , date=26 November 2020 {{cite news , last1=Williamson , first1=Rachel , last2=Vorrath , first2=Sophie , title=Victoria caps access for solar and wind in new renewable zones, to avoid curtailment and buoy investors , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/victoria-caps-access-for-solar-and-wind-in-new-renewable-zones-to-avoid-curtailment-and-buoy-investors/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=4 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Sanders , first1=Olivia , last2=Chounding , first2=Andrew , title=Australian producers divided on wind farms with farmland earmarked for development , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-02/australian-farmers-split-on-renewable-energy-wind-farms/104404838 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=2 October 2024 {{cite news , last1=Rooney , first1=Kieran , title=Payments up to $40,000 to compensate Victorians from power tower eyesores , url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/payments-up-to-40-000-to-compensate-victorians-from-power-tower-eyesores-20240608-p5jk9e.html , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Age , date=9 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Mazengarb , first1=Michael , title=Social licence and emissions cuts to be embedded in Victoria's new grid plans , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/social-licence-and-emissions-cuts-to-be-embedded-in-victorias-new-grid-plans/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=7 July 2022 {{cite news , last1=Symons , first1=Bec , title=Federal government declares Australia's first six offshore wind energy zones , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-05/offshore-windfarms-climate-renewable-energy-turbines/101303944 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=5 August 2022 {{cite web , title=New Projects To Accelerate Victoria's Renewable Energy Zones , url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-projects-accelerate-victorias-renewable-energy-zones , website=Victorian Department of Premier and Cabinet , publisher=Victorian Government , access-date=12 January 2025 , date=3 August 2021 {{cite news , last1=Clark , first1=Tamara , title=Federal government commits $1.5 billion to renewable energy zones in Victoria , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-20/keranglink-funding-renewable-energy-zones-victoria-1-5-billion/101556714 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=20 October 2022 {{cite news , last1=Schapova , first1=Natasha , last2=McNaughton , first2=Jane , title=Victoria's new renewable energy storage targets could reduce energy bills , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-28/victoria-renewable-energy-storage-batteries/101483468 , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=28 September 2022 {{cite news , title=Victoria's Gippsland coast to become Australia's first offshore windfarm zone , url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/19/victorias-gippsland-coast-to-become-australias-first-offshore-windfarm-zone , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , agency=Australian Associated Press , date=19 December 2022 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Coalition's wind turbine ban lives on, as VicGrid takes first steps to map new renewable zones , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/coalitions-wind-turbine-ban-lives-on-as-vicgrid-takes-first-steps-to-map-new-renewable-zones/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=30 July 2024 {{cite news , title=Victorian Transmission Plan 'gutting prime agricultural land' , url=https://theweeklyadvertiser.com.au/articles/victorian-transmission-plan-gutting-prime-agricultural-land/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Weekly Advertiser , date=31 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Carmody , first1=Broede , last2=Foley , first2=Mike , title=Size of Victoria's second offshore wind zone slashed to a fifth , url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/size-of-victoria-s-second-offshore-wind-zone-slashed-to-a-fifth-20240305-p5fa24.html , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Age , date=5 March 2024 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Faster, not different: Victoria renewables fast-track is not a steamroller , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/faster-not-different-victoria-renewables-fast-track-is-not-a-steamroller/#google_vignette , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=20 March 2024 {{cite news , last1=Peacock , first1=Bella , title='Australia's largest battery': Equis' 2.4 GWh battery in Melbourne secures federal approval , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2023/10/11/australias-largest-battery-equis-2-4-gwh-battery-in-melbourne-secures-federal-approval/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=11 October 2023 {{cite web , title=Queensland Renewable Energy Zone Roadmap , url=https://www.epw.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0036/49599/REZ-roadmap.pdf , website=Department of Energy and Climate , publisher=Queensland Government , access-date=12 January 2025 , date=March 2024 {{cite news , title=Accelerating Queensland's renewable energy future: the REZ Roadmap , url=https://www.energymagazine.com.au/accelerating-queenslands-renewable-energy-future-the-rez-roadmap/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Energy Magazine , date=4 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Carroll , first1=David , title=Federal funding boosts Queensland local renewable energy zone program , url=https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2024/10/01/federal-funding-boosts-queensland-local-renewable-energy-zone-program/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Magazine , date=1 October 2024 {{cite news , title=$40m committed towards a Local Renewable Energy Zone in Townsville , url=https://www.townsvilleenterprise.com.au/40m-committed-towards-a-local-renewable-energy-zone-in-townsville/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Townsville Enterprise , date=25 July 2024 {{cite news , title=Queensland pilots local renewable energy zone , url=https://www.governmentnews.com.au/queensland-pilots-local-renewable-energy-zone/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Government News , date=19 June 2024 {{cite news , last1=Heynes , first1=George , title=Queensland selects Powerlink as the state's Renewable Energy Zones Delivery Body , url=https://www.pv-tech.org/queensland-selects-powerlink-as-the-states-renewable-energy-zones-delivery-body/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=PV Tech , date=9 September 2024 {{cite news , last1=Readfearn , first1=Graham , title=Queensland identifies 'renewable energy zones' as part of $62bn 'super grid' plan , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/11/queensland-identifies-renewable-energy-zones-as-part-of-62bn-super-grid-plan , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=11 July 2023 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Queensland proposes 12 renewable energy zones in dash to quit coal , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/queensland-proposes-12-renewable-energy-zones-in-dash-to-quit-coal/ , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=11 July 2023 {{cite news , last1=Ludlow , first1=Mark , title=Qld to commit $14b for mega pumped hydro project , url=https://www.afr.com/companies/energy/qld-to-commit-14b-for-mega-pumped-hydro-project-20230609-p5dfba , access-date=12 January 2025 , work=Australian Financial Review , date=10 June 2023 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Tasmania launches consultation on state's first REZ in "windy north west" , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/tasmania-launches-consultation-on-states-first-rez-in-windy-north-west/ , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=28 May 2024 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title="Massive boost" or biodiversity disaster? Tension mounts over fate of Robbins Island wind farm , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/massive-boost-or-biodiversity-disaster-tension-mounts-over-fate-of-robbins-island-wind-farm/ , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=1 February 2024 {{cite news , last1=Moran , first1=Jessica , title=Offshore wind farm zone proposed for Bass Strait off the coast of major Tasmanian towns , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-14/devonport-foreshore-proposed-offshore-wind-farm-tasmania/104035590 , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=14 July 2024 {{cite news , last1=Hill , first1=Joshua , title=Tasmania port tapped as key offshore wind hub, days after declaration of Bass Strait zone , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/tasmania-port-tapped-as-key-offshore-wind-hub-days-after-declaration-of-bass-strait-zone/ , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=17 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=Vorrath , first1=Sophie , title=Bowen declares new offshore wind zone capable of hosting 20 GW, despite being shrunk and pushed out to sea , url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/bowen-declares-new-offshore-wind-capable-of-hosting-20-gw-despite-being-shrunk-and-push-out-to-sea/ , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=Renew Economy , date=12 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=Coade , first1=Melissa , title=Tasmanian offshore wind zone to future proof local supply chains, Bowen says , url=https://www.themandarin.com.au/283601-tasmanian-offshore-wind-zone-to-future-proof-local-supply-chains-bowen-says/ , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=The Mandarin , date=13 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=Robbins , first1=Kylie , title=Bass Strait offshore wind zone to now be 30km from coast, smaller in size after community feedback , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-12/tas-bass-strait-offshore-wind-zone-declared/104715880 , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=12 December 2024 {{cite news , last1=Chan , first1=Gabrielle , title=In the new gold rush, farmers are asked to decide between food, carbon and renewable energy – but we need them all , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/aug/22/in-the-new-gold-rush-farmers-are-asked-to-decide-between-food-carbon-and-renewable-energy-but-we-need-them-all , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=22 August 2023 {{cite news , last1=Brown , first1=Aston , title='Leave politics to the politicians': why rural Queensland is a hotbed of renewable energy , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/apr/26/leave-politics-to-the-politicians-why-rural-queensland-is-a-hotbed-of-renewable-energy , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=26 April 2024 {{cite web , last1=Cass , first1=Dan , last2=Connor , first2=Linda , last3=Heikkinen , first3=Riika , last4=Pearse , first4=Beck , title=Renewables & Rural Australia: A Study of Community Experiences in Renewable Energy Zones in NSW and the Case for More Equity and Coordination of the Clean Energy Transformation , date=2022 , url=https://researchportalplus.anu.edu.au/en/publications/renewables-amp-rural-australia-a-study-of-community-experiences-i {{cite journal , last1=Briggs , first1=Chriss , last2=Atherton , first2=Alison , last3=Gill , first3=Jeremy , last4=Langdon , first4=Rusty , last5=Rutovitz , first5=Jay , last6=Nagrath , first6=Kriti , title=Building a 'Fair and Fast' energy transition? Renewable energy employment, skill shortages and social licence in regional areas , journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition , date=August 2022 , volume=2 , doi=10.1016/j.rset.2022.100039 , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667095X2200023X , access-date=13 January 2025, doi-access=free {{cite news , last1=Readfearn , first1=Graham , title=Queensland windfarm backed by Apple and Andrew Forrest sparks warning over impact on threatened species , url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/mar/12/queensland-windfarm-backed-by-apple-and-andrew-forrest-sparks-warning-over-impact-on-threatened-species , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=The Guardian , date=12 March 2023 {{cite news , last1=Clark , first1=Mayeta , title=The wind farms angering renewable energy fans , url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-12/queensland-wind-farms-clearing-bushland/100683198 , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=ABC News , date=12 December 2021 {{cite news , last1=O'Neill , first1=Lily , last2=Riley , first2=Brad , last3=Maynard , first3=Ganur , last4=Hunt , first4=Janet , title=Why Aboriginal people have little say over energy projects on their land , url=https://theconversation.com/why-aboriginal-people-have-little-say-over-energy-projects-on-their-land-139119 , access-date=13 January 2025 , work=The Conversation , date=10 August 2020 {{cite journal , last1=Aravena , first1=Ignacio , last2=Papavasiliou , first2=Anthony , title=Renewable Energy Integration in Zonal Markets , journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , date=March 2017 , volume=32 , issue=2 , page=1 , doi=10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2585222 , url=https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013848820&origin=inward&txGid=14292c79851a90fa7ae350694b5bda0c , access-date=13 January 2025, url-access=subscription {{cite journal , last1=McDonald , first1=Paul , title=Interrelationships of renewable energy zones in Queensland: localised effects on capacity value and congestion , journal=Economic Analysis and Policy , date=March 2024 , volume=81 , pages=818–833 , doi=10.1016/j.eap.2024.01.005 , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0313592624000055#bib0028 , access-date=13 January 2025, doi-access=free {{cite web , title=Renewable Energy Zone locations , url=https://www.energyco.nsw.gov.au/renewable-energy-zones/renewable-energy-zone-locations , website=EnergyCo , publisher=New South Wales Government , access-date=13 January 2025 {{cite web , title=Victorian Renewable Energy Zones Development Plan , url=https://www.energy.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/580618/Victorian-Renewable-energy-zones-development-plan-directions-paper.pdf , website=Victorian Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action , publisher=Victorian Government , access-date=13 January 2025 , date=February 2021 {{cite web , title=Australia's offshore wind areas , url=https://www.dcceew.gov.au/energy/renewable/offshore-wind/areas , website=Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water , publisher=Australian Government , access-date=13 January 2025 {{cite web , title=Transmission access reform Consultation paper , url=https://www.energy.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-06/Transmission%20access%20reform%20Consultation%20paper.pdf , publisher=Energy Security Board , access-date=13 January 2025 {{cite web , title=The end of open access What the future holds for transmission access reform in the NEM , url=https://www.ashurst.com/en/insights/the-end-of-open-access-what-the-future-holds-for-transmission-access-reform-in-the-nem/ , website=Ashurst , access-date=13 January 2025 , date=19 May 2022 {{cite web , title=2024 Integrated System Plan , url=https://aemo.com.au/-/media/files/major-publications/isp/2024/2024-integrated-system-plan-isp.pdf?la=en , publisher=Australian Energy Market Operator , access-date=13 January 2025 , date=26 June 2024 Energy policy of Australia Renewable energy in Australia