The 8140 was a

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which Combustion, ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to Mechanics, mechanical Compr ...

made by

Sofim Sofim () is a joint diesel engine enterprise established between Fiat, Saviem (Renault) and Alfa Romeo on 13 September 1974 and was bought by Iveco in 1981. The manufacturing plant is located in Foggia in southern Italy and is nowadays Fiat Powertr ...

for

car A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than cargo. There are around one billio ...

s. Originally introduced as a swirl chamber, naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide. At the time of introduction, the 8140's overhead camshaft layout (driven by a toothed timingbelt) was unexpected in a diesel engine, which were typically overhead valve designs. Turbocharging the original engine, the design of which was finished in 1974, was impeded until 1985 due to restrictions of the original design.

Heat flux In physics and engineering, heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density, heat-flow density or heat-flow rate intensity, is a flow of energy per unit area per unit time (physics), time. Its SI units are watts per sq ...

issues with the aluminium head and swirl chambers were eventually overcome, but did slow down development. Before entering the market, Fiat tested the Sofim engine in its 131 model during the 1977 London-Sydney Marathon. First direct injection models also appeared in the mid-1980s. Additionally to the Fiat designation 8140 some engines got a Renault tag (S8 for indirect injection, S9 for direct injection).

2.0 L version

In the early beginning there was a four-cylinder , called the Sofim 8144.65. Alongside the 2.4-litre version it was used in light commercial vehicles like the Saviem SG2, OM Grinta, and the Fiat/Iveco Daily, as well as passenger cars like the

Fiat 131 The Fiat 131 is a mid-size family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1974 to 1984 after its debut at the Turin Motor Show#1974, 1974 Turin Motor Show. Available as a two-door and four-door Saloon (car), saloon and 5-door station wagon, ...

and

132 132 may refer to: * 132 (number), the natural number following 131 and preceding 133 *AD 132, a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar * 132 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar * 132 (MBTA bus), a Massachusetts Bay Transportati ...

models. It also saw use in the Fiat Campagnola.

2.4 L version

The original 2.4 L big block displaces , with a bore and stroke of .

2.5 L version

In 1990 the 2.5 L was introduced with a longer stroke, increased by 2 mm to 92 mm. The bore remained unchanged at 93 mm, this version displaces .

2.8 L version

The 2.8 L displaces 2800 cc having a larger bore and stroke of .

F1A/F1C

After continuous development these engines are nowadays known as F1A (2.3 L) and F1C (3.0 L), available for marine and industrial use from

Fiat Powertrain Technologies FPT Industrial is an Italian multinational designer and manufacturer of transmissions, axles, diesel and petrol engines that was established in March 2005 as a Fiat Group division which included all the activities related to powertrains and tr ...

(FPT) and

CNH Industrial CNH Industrial N.V. is an Italian-American multinational corporation with global headquarters in Basildon, United Kingdom, but controlled and mostly owned by the multinational investment company Exor (company), Exor, which in turn is controlled ...

(since 2012) respectively. The 3-liter version is also built by Mitsubishi Fuso for use in their medium-duty commercials, under the name 4P10.

References

{{Reflist Diesel engines by model Fiat engines PSA engines Renault engines