Remnant (Bible)

The remnant is a recurring theme throughout the Hebrew and Christian Bible. The ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'' describes it as "What is left of a community after it undergoes a catastrophe"."Remnant". ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'' V:669 The concept has stronger representation in the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament than in the Christian New Testament.

Biblical mentions

Hebrew Bible

According to the Book of Isaiah, the "remnant" () is a small group of Israelites who will survive the invasion of the Assyrian army under Tiglath-Pileser III (). The remnant is promised that they will one day be brought back to the Promised Land by Yahweh (). Isaiah again uses the terminology during Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem ().

The concept of the remnant is taken up by several other prophets, including Amos, Micah, Jeremiah and Zephaniah. In Jeremiah 39–40, the "poor people, who had nothing", who remained in Judah when the rest of its population were deported to Babylon, are referred to as a "remnant". The post-exilic biblical literature (Ezra–Nehemiah, Haggai and Zechariah) consistently refers to the Jews who have returned from the Babylonian captivity as the remnant.

New Testament

New Testament verses which refer to a faithful "remnant" () include , where Paul refers back to Old Testament examples, and ("And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ").

Church views

Church of England

The influential Anglican "remnant theology" of Martin Thornton (1915–1986) sees the church parish as made up of three different levels of members. Thornton refers to the smallest of the groups as the Remnant, likening it to the remnant of Isaiah in the Old Testament. These are ordinary people of extraordinary devotion, more proficient than spiritually gifted, whom it is vital for the parish priest to identify and nurture through spiritual direction, for they are the dependable, beating, praying heart of the parish. They truly live their Christianity and form the core not just of the parish but of the universal "Church Militant".

Roman Catholic Church

The Old Testament notion of "the remnant" was one of the three images Karl Rahner used to set the parish into his larger vision of church in his 1956 essay "Theology of the Parish" and his 1961 book ''The Episcopate and the Primacy'', co-authored with then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI). What was significant for Rahner in the concept of "the remnant" was the idea that the whole – the universal Church – could be present in the part – the parish: "the Church as a whole, when it becomes "Event" in the full sense, is also necessarily a local Church, the whole Church becomes tangible in the local Church".

Seventh-day Adventist Church

The Seventh-day Adventist Church places significant emphasis on the remnant theme, based on a traditional interpretation of the King James Version of . Two of its official belief statements mention the remnant theme: number 13, "Remnant and Its Mission" describes an eschatological (end-time) remnant, and number 18, "The Gift of Prophecy" mentions the spiritual gift of prophecy "is an identifying mark of the remnant church".Seventh-day Adventist Church: Fundamental Beliefs
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Criticism

James Watts claims that some authors have given too much emphasis to the remnant theme, such as some scholars who "have considered it central to the NT message".James W. Watts, "The Remnant Theme: A Survey of New Testament Research, 1921–1987", ''Perspectives in Religious Studies'', 109–29 According to Watts, there are fewer occurrences of the theme in the Bible than one might expect.

References

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Christian theology of the Bible
Christian terminology
Judeo-Christian topics
Hebrew Bible words and phrases
New Testament words and phrases
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