''The Pleasure Principle'' is the debut solo studio album by the English new wave musician

Gary Numan Gary Anthony James Webb (born 8 March 1958), known professionally as Gary Numan, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He entered the music industry as frontman of the New wave music, new wave band Tubeway Army. After releasing two st ...

, released on 7 September 1979 by

Beggars Banquet Records Beggars Banquet Records is a British independent record label. Beggars Banquet started as a chain of record shops owned by Martin Mills and Nick Austin and is part of the Beggars Group of labels. History In 1977, spurred by the prevailing D ...

. The album came about six months after ''

Replicas A replica is an exact (usually 1:1 in scale) copy or remake of an object, made out of the same raw materials, whether a molecule, a work of art, or a commercial product. The term is also used for copies that closely resemble the original, without ...

'' (1979), his second and final studio album with the band

Tubeway Army Tubeway Army were a London-based new wave music, new wave band led by lead singer Gary Numan. Formed at the height of punk rock in 1977, the band gradually changed to an electronic music, electronic sound. They were the first band of the elect ...

. ''The Pleasure Principle'' peaked at No. 1 on the

UK Albums Chart The Official Albums Chart is the United Kingdom's industry-recognised national record chart for album, albums. Entries are ranked by sales and audio streaming. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the O ...

Recording

Following ''Replicas'', Numan recruited a permanent drummer and a keyboard player and demoed an album's worth of new material in April 1979. This was before the single "

Are "Friends" Electric? "Are 'Friends' Electric?" is a 1979 song by the English band Tubeway Army. Taken from their album ''Replicas'', it was released as a single in May 1979 and reached number one in the UK Singles Chart, staying there for four weeks. It was writte ...

" from the previous album had been released. A second session that yielded four further songs followed some weeks later. The day after "Are "Friends" Electric?" reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, Numan and his band recorded four of the new songs in a session for

John Peel John Robert Parker Ravenscroft (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), better known as John Peel, was an English radio presenter and journalist. He was the longest-serving of the original disc jockeys on BBC Radio 1, broadcasting regularly from ...

, credited to Gary Numan and dropping the group name Tubeway Army. By the time ''Replicas'' reached number one on the albums chart ''The Pleasure Principle'' was being recorded at Marcus Music Studio, London.

Composition and release

''The Pleasure Principle'' has been described as featuring

synth-pop Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop; ) is a music genre that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s b ...

electropop Electropop is a popular music fusion genre combining elements of the electronic and pop styles. It has been described as a variant of synth-pop with emphasis on a hard electronic sound. The genre was developed in the 1980s and saw a rev ...

, new wave, and

electronica Electronica is both a broad group of electronic-based music styles intended for listening rather than strictly for dancing and a music scene that came to prominence in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the term is mos ...

throughout. Numan completely abandoned electric guitar on the album. This change, coupled with frequent use of synthetic percussion, produced the most purely electronic and robotic sound of his career. In addition to the

Minimoog The Minimoog is an analog synthesizer first manufactured by Moog Music between 1970 and 1981. Designed as a more affordable, portable version of the modular Moog synthesizer, it was the first synthesizer sold in retail stores. It was first popul ...

synthesizer A synthesizer (also synthesiser or synth) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis a ...

employed on his previous album, Numan made liberal use of the

Polymoog The Polymoog is a hybrid polyphonic analog synthesizer that was manufactured by Moog Music from 1975 to 1980. The Polymoog was based on divide-down oscillator technology similar to electronic organs and string synthesizers of the time. Histor ...

keyboard, particularly its distinctive "Vox Humana" preset. Other production tricks included copious amounts of

flanging Flanging is an audio signal processing, audio effect produced by mixing two identical audio signal, signals together, one signal delayed by a small and (usually) gradually changing period, usually smaller than 20 milliseconds. This produces a ...

phasing A phaser is an electronic sound processor used to filter a signal by creating a series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum. The position of the peaks and troughs of the waveform being affected is typically modulated by an intern ...

and

reverb In acoustics, reverberation (commonly shortened to reverb) is a persistence of sound after it is produced. It is often created when a sound is reflected on surfaces, causing multiple reflections that build up and then decay as the sound is a ...

, plus the unusual move of including solo

viola The viola ( , () ) is a string instrument of the violin family, and is usually bowed when played. Violas are slightly larger than violins, and have a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of the ...

and

violin The violin, sometimes referred to as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino picc ...

parts in the arrangements. Lyrically, the album continued the

science fiction Science fiction (often shortened to sci-fi or abbreviated SF) is a genre of speculative fiction that deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts. These concepts may include information technology and robotics, biological manipulations, space ...

-themes of the previous album. While not a theme album the way ''

'' was, Numan has described the songs as "more of a collection of thoughts I'd had about the way

technology Technology is the application of Conceptual model, conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word ''technology'' can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible too ...

was evolving and where it would take us." Notable tracks included "Airlane", the lead-off instrumental; "Metal", sung from the perspective of an android longing to be human; "M.E.", standing for "Mechanical Engineering" and told from the perspective of the last machine on Earth, the electronic ballad "

Complex Complex commonly refers to: * Complexity, the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe ** Complex system, a system composed of many components which may interact with each ...

", a UK No. 6 single; and "

Cars A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than cargo. There are around one billio ...

", a worldwide

hit. "Cars" reached No. 9 in the U.S. and No. 1 in Canada, helping make ''The Pleasure Principle'' Numan's strongest North American showing, but lack of a strong commercial follow-up resulted in him being tagged as a

one-hit wonder A one-hit wonder is any entity that achieves mainstream popularity, often for only one piece of work, and becomes known among the general public solely for that momentary success. The term is most commonly used in regard to music performers with ...

there. "Complex", featuring an arrangement including

piano A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...

(played by

Ultravox Ultravox (earlier styled as Ultravox!) were a British new wave band, formed in London in April 1974 as Tiger Lily. Between 1980 and 1986, they scored seven Top Ten albums and seventeen Top 40 singles in the UK, the most successful of which wa ...

Billy Currie William Lee Currie (born 1 April 1950Ultravox.org.uk
) is a ...

) and

, was chosen as the second single from the album, released in November 1979. Despite its commercial success, peaking at No. 6 in the UK during a nine-week chart run, Numan later regretted the choice of it as a single and that "Metal" should have been released instead.

Title and cover image

The title of the album was taken from the

surrealist Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike s ...

painting ''The Pleasure Principle'' by

René Magritte René François Ghislain Magritte (; 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgium, Belgian surrealist artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unfamiliar, unexpected contexts, which often provoked questions about the nature ...

.Gary Numan ''(R)evolution: The Autobiography'', Hatchett 2020, Chapter six: 1979 Subtitled ''(A portrait of Edward James)'', it depicts a seated figure whose arms rest on a wooden table upon which lies a small stone, and a ball of light obliterating the figure's head. The cover image of Numan's album is an adaptation of the painting with Numan seated in the same position dressed in a similar suit, but replacing the natural materials (wood and stone) with shiny and glowing artificial objects and futuristic shapes. According to Numan it was "a clear nod towards technology. Where Magritte had a rock on a desk, for example, I had a glowing purple

Perspex Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate. It is a transparent thermoplastic, used as an engineering plastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and bran ...

pyramid A pyramid () is a structure whose visible surfaces are triangular in broad outline and converge toward the top, making the appearance roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be of any polygon shape, such as trian ...

Tour

Numan toured throughout the world in support of the album with a huge stage set including banks of

neon lights Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing, electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases. Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas-discharge light. A neon tube is a sealed glass tube with a metal electrode a ...

and twin pyramids which moved across the stage via radio control. The live show was captured on record as '' Living Ornaments '79'' (1981) and on

video Video is an Electronics, electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving picture, moving image, visual Media (communication), media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, whi ...

as ''The Touring Principle''. The support act on the UK leg of the tour was

Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) are an English electronic music, electronic band formed in Meols, Merseyside in 1978 by Andy McCluskey (vocals, bass guitar) and Paul Humphreys (keyboards, vocals). Regarded as pioneers of electronic musi ...

. An expanded version of ''Living Ornaments '79'' was issued on CD in 2005, and the final show of ''The Touring Principle'' was captured on the CD ''Engineers'' (released exclusively through Numan's official website) in 2008. Numan performed a 16-date mini-tour dedicated to the album across the UK and Ireland during November and December 2009, similar to his previous tours for ''

'' (1979) and ''Telekon'' (1980), performing the album in its entirety. Numan had been scheduled to play the 2010

Coachella Festival Coachella (officially called the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and sometimes known as Coachella Festival) is an annual music and arts festival held at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, in the Coachella Valley in the Colorad ...

Indio, California Indio (Spanish language, Spanish for "Indian") is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley of Southern California's Colorado Desert region. Indio is approximately east of Los Angeles, east of Palm Springs, ...

but was forced to cancel, due to the Icelandic volcano eruption that disrupted air travel. To make up for this, he embarked upon another 16-date mini-tour of the U.S. that August, again performing ''The Pleasure Principle'' in its entirety.

Reissue

Of the bonus tracks later included on CD reissues, "Random" and "Oceans" were

instrumental An instrumental or instrumental song is music without any vocals, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a big band setting. Through Semantic change, semantic widening, a broader sense of the word s ...

outtakes from ''The Pleasure Principle'' sessions, originally issued on vinyl with other previously unreleased tracks in 1985, while "Asylum" was the instrumental

B-side The A-side and B-side are the two sides of phonograph record, vinyl records and Compact cassette, cassettes, and the terms have often been printed on the labels of two-sided music recordings. The A-side of a Single (music), single usually ...

of the "Cars" vinyl single. The live versions of "Me! I Disconnect From You" and "

Bombers A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles. There are two major classifications of bomber: strategic and tactical. Strategic bombing is ...

", which appeared as B-sides of "Complex", were recorded on tour and later made available in their original context on the expanded ''Living Ornaments '79'' CD, along with "Remember I Was Vapour" and " On Broadway". The latter two tracks were first released as a promotional single shipped with early pressings of the album '' Telekon'' in 1980; Numan's

cover version In popular music, a cover version, cover song, remake, revival, or simply cover is a new performance or recording by a musician other than the original performer or composer of the song. Originally, it referred to a version of a song release ...

of the classic "On Broadway" was dominated by a characteristic synthesizer solo by then-former (and soon-to-be-again)

band member

Billy Currie William Lee Currie (born 1 April 1950Ultravox.org.uk
) is a ...

Critical reception

Robert Christgau Robert Thomas Christgau ( ; born April 18, 1942) is an American music journalist and essayist. Among the most influential music critics, he began his career in the late 1960s as one of the earliest professional rock critics and later became a ...

of ''

The Village Voice ''The Village Voice'' is an American news and culture publication based in Greenwich Village, New York City, known for being the country's first Alternative newspaper, alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf (publisher), Dan Wolf, ...

'' described ''The Pleasure Principle'' as "''

Metal Machine Music ''Metal Machine Music'' (subtitled ''*The Amine β Ring'') is the fifth studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed. It was recorded on a three-speed Uher machine and was mastered/engineered by Bob Ludwig. It was released as a double album i ...

'' goes

easy-listening Easy listening (including mood music) is a popular music genre and radio format that was most popular during the 1950s to the 1970s. It is related to middle of the road (MOR) music and encompasses instrumental recordings of standards, hit ...

," continuing: "This time he's singing about robots, engineers, and isolation. In such a slight artist, these things make all the difference." ''

Smash Hits ''Smash Hits'' was a British music magazine aimed at young adults, originally published by EMAP. It ran from 1978 to 2006, and, after initially appearing monthly, was issued fortnightly during most of that time. The name survived as a brand ...

'' reviewer Red Starr found the album to be "not bad, mind you — a smoother, almost

disco Disco is a music genre, genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the late 1960s from the United States' urban nightclub, nightlife, particularly in African Americans, African-American, Italian-Americans, Italian-American, LGBTQ ...

ish version of ''Replicas'' — but much too similar to it and not as adventurous". ''

Record Mirror ''Record Mirror'' was a British weekly music newspaper published between 1954 and 1991, aimed at pop fans and record collectors. Launched two years after ''New Musical Express'', it never attained the circulation of its rival. The first UK Album ...

s Simon Ludgate also found that Numan repeated the formula from ''Replicas'' and criticized the songs for being too cold and detached: "Detachment and distance are painstakingly sewn into every track (...) Numan's affected android voice and his lumbering synthesizers infiltrate your mind, leaving you numbed and clogged." In a retrospective review,

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...

's Greg Prato said ''The Pleasure Principle'' was distinguished by the consistent quality of its songs and the presence of drummer Cedric Sharpley, who "adds a whole new dimension with his powerful percussion work." Prato concluded, "If you had to own just one Gary Numan album, ''The Pleasure Principle'' would be it."

Track listing

All tracks written by Gary Numan, except where noted. Side one # "Airlane" – 3:18 # "

Metal A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electrical resistivity and conductivity, electricity and thermal conductivity, heat relatively well. These properties are all associated wit ...

" – 3:32 # "

" – 3:12 # "Films" – 4:09 # "M.E." – 5:37 Side two #

"Tracks" – 2:51 # "Observer" – 2:53 # "Conversation" – 7:36 # "

" – 3:58 # "Engineers" – 4:01 CD bonus tracks #

"Random" (demo) – 3:49 # "Oceans" (demo) – 3:03 # "Asylum" (B-side of "Cars") – 2:31 # "Me! I Disconnect from You" (Live) – 3:06 # "

" (Live) – 5:46 # "Remember I Was Vapour" (Live)* – 4:46 # " On Broadway" (Live) (

Jerry Leiber Leiber and Stoller were an American songwriting and record production duo, consisting of lyricist Jerome Leiber (; April 25, 1933 – August 22, 2011) and composer Michael Stoller (born March 13, 1933). As well as many R&B and pop hits, they wr ...

Mike Stoller Leiber and Stoller were an American songwriting and record production duo, consisting of lyricist Jerome Leiber (; April 25, 1933 – August 22, 2011) and composer Michael Stoller (born March 13, 1933). As well as many R&B and pop hits, they wr ...

Barry Mann Barry Mann (born Barry Imberman; February 9, 1939) is an American songwriter and musician, and was part of a successful songwriting partnership with his wife, Cynthia Weil. He has written or co-written 53 hits in the UK and 98 in the US. Early ...

Cynthia Weil Cynthia Weil (October 18, 1940 – June 1, 2023) was an American songwriter who wrote many songs together with her husband Barry Mann. Weil and Mann were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and in 2011, they jointly received the ...

) – 4:48

30th Anniversary Edition

To coincide with ''The Pleasure Principle'' 30th Anniversary Tour, a special edition of the album was released on 21 September 2009. Disc one # "Airlane" # "Metal" # "Complex" # "Films" # "M.E." # "Tracks" # "Observer" # "Conversation" # "Cars" # "Engineers" Disc two # "Airlane" (Demo Version) # "Metal" (Demo Version) # "Complex" (Demo Version) # "Films" (Demo Version) # "M.E." (Demo Version) # "Tracks" (Outtake Mix) # "Observer" (Demo Version) # "Conversation" (Demo Version 2) # "Cars" (Demo Version) # "Engineers" (Demo Version) # "Random" (2009 Remaster) # "Oceans" (2009 Remaster) # "Asylum" (2009 Remaster) # "Photograph" (2009 Remaster) # "Gymnopedie No. 1" (Demo Version) # "Conversation" (Demo Version 1) # "M.E." (Outtake Mix) Disc three (Bonus tracks only available on the 3CD version available from the Numan website) # "Down in the Park" (''The Live EPs – 1980'') # "On Broadway" (''The Live EPs – 1980'') # "Everyday I Die" (''The Live EPs – 1980'') # "Remember I Was Vapour" (''The Live EPs – 1980'') # "Bombers" (''The Live EPs – 1980'') # "Me! I Disconnect from You" (''The Live EPs – 1979'') # "Conversation" (''The Live EPs – 1979'') # "Metal" (''The Live EPs – 1979'') # "Down in the Park" (''The Live EPs – 1979'') # "Airlane" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "Cars" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "We Are So Fragile" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "Films" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "Something's in the House" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "My Shadow in Vain" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "Conversation" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "The Dream Police" (''Living Ornaments '79'') # "Metal" (''Living Ornaments '79'')

40th Anniversary Edition

To celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the release of ''The Pleasure Principle'', a special edition of the album, ''The Pleasure Principle: The First Recordings'' was released on 11 October 2019. Released on 2 LP coloured vinyl and 2 CD editions. CD 1 # "Cars" (Demo Version 2) # "Films" (Demo Version) # "Complex" (Demo Version) # "Random" (Remastered 2009) # "M.E." (Demo Version) # "Conversation" (Demo Version 2) # "Tracks" (Demo Version 1) # "Cars" (Demo Version 1) # "Metal" (Demo Version) # "Airlane" (Demo Version) # "Trois Gymnopédies No.1" (Demo) # "Observer" (Demo Version) # "Conversation" (Demo Version 1) # "Engineers" (Demo Version) # "Asylum" (Remastered 2009) # "Oceans" (Remastered 2009) # "Photograph" (Remastered 2009) CD 2 # "Airlane" (''BBC Peel Session'') # "Cars" (''BBC Peel Session'') # "Films" (''BBC Peel Session'') # "Conversation" (''BBC Peel Session'') # "Tracks" (Outtake mix) # "Complex" (Outtake mix) # "M.E." (Outtake mix) # "Engineers" (Outtake mix) # "Airlane" (Outtake mix) # "Cars" (Outtake mix)

Personnel

Credits are adapted from ''The Pleasure Principle'' liner notes. *

–

vocals Singing is the art of creating music with the voice. It is the oldest form of musical expression, and the human voice can be considered the first musical instrument. The definition of singing varies across sources. Some sources define sing ...

;

s (

ARP Odyssey The ARP Odyssey is an analog circuit, analog synthesizer introduced by ARP Instruments in 1972. History ARP developed the Odyssey as a direct competitor to the Minimoog, Moog Minimoog and an answer to the demand for more affordable, portable, a ...

); synthetic percussion (Synare 3) *

Paul Gardiner Paul Andrew Gardiner (1 May 1958 – 18 February 1984) was an English musician who played bass guitar with Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, as well as creating material under his own name. Biography Paul Andrew Gardiner was born on 1 May 1958 in ...

–

bass Bass or Basses may refer to: Fish * Bass (fish), various saltwater and freshwater species Wood * Bass or basswood, the wood of the tilia americana tree Music * Bass (sound), describing low-frequency sound or one of several instruments in th ...

* Chris Payne – keyboards (Minimoog, Polymoog,

);

Cedric Sharpley Cedric Larry Sharpley (2 July 1952 – 13 March 2012) was a South African-born musician who was the drummer with several bands in the 1970s and 1980s, including Gary Numan, Tubeway Army, Druid and Dramatis. With Numan, Sharpley played on five stu ...

–

drums The drum is a member of the percussion instrument, percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, it is a membranophones, membranophone. Drums consist of at least one Acoustic membrane, membrane, c ...

percussion A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a percussion mallet, beater including attached or enclosed beaters or Rattle (percussion beater), rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or ...

Billy Currie William Lee Currie (born 1 April 1950Ultravox.org.uk
) is a ...

– fadeout

on "Tracks" and "Conversation" * Garry Robson –

backing vocals A backing vocalist is a singer who provides vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. A backing vocalist may also sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist's entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are us ...

on "Conversation"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Legacy

"Metal" was covered by

Nine Inch Nails Nine Inch Nails, commonly abbreviated as NIN (stylized as NIИ), is an American industrial rock band formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1988. Its members are the singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and producer Trent Reznor and his frequent col ...

on ''

Things Falling Apart ''Things Falling Apart'' is the second remix album by the American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, released by Nothing Records and Interscope Records on November 21, 2000. It is the companion remix disc to the band's third studio album, ' ...

'' (2000), Thought Industry on '' Recruited to Do Good Deeds for the Devil'' (1998) and

Afrika Bambaataa Lance Taylor (born April 17, 1957), also known as Afrika Bambaataa (), is a retired American DJ, rapper, and record producer. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of ...

on ''

Dark Matter Moving at the Speed of Light ''Dark Matter Moving at the Speed of Light'' is a 2004 album by Afrika Bambaataa, released on Tommy Boy Entertainment Tommy Boy Records is an American independent record label and multimedia brand founded in 1981 by Tom Silverman. The label ...

'' (2004). "M.E." was used as backing for

Basement Jaxx Basement Jaxx are an English electronic music duo consisting of Felix Buxton (born 30 April 1970) and Simon Ratcliffe (born 28 November 1969). The pair got their name from the regular club night they held in Brixton, London, UK. They first ros ...

's "

Where's Your Head At "Where's Your Head At" is a song by English electronic music duo Basement Jaxx. It was released as the third single from their second album, '' Rooty'', on 19 November 2001. The song is based on samples from Gary Numan's songs " M.E." and " This ...

References

Bibliography

External links

''The Pleasure Principle''
(

Adobe Flash Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinuedAlthough it is discontinued by Adobe Inc., for the Chinese market it is developed by Zhongcheng and for the international enterprise market it is developed by Ha ...

) at

Radio3Net Radio 3 net is the former ''Radio România Tineret'' (or Radio 3). More than 20,000 albums are stored on Radio 3 net. It is a radio station for young people, currently broadcasting as an online-only radio station. A few of the prominent features ...

(streamed copy where licensed) * {{DEFAULTSORT:Pleasure Principle, The 1979 debut albums Atco Records albums Beggars Banquet Records albums Electropop albums Gary Numan albums