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The regions of Somaliland (; ) is divided into six administrative regions,
Awdal,
Sahil,
Maroodi-Jeeh,
Togdheer
Togdheer (, ) is an administrative region (''Administrative divisions of Somaliland, gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Sahil, Somaliland, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool, Somalia ...
,
Sanaag
Sanag (, ) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north eastern Somaliland.[Regions of Somalia](_blank)
Sa ...
and
Sool. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-two
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
. Regions of Somaliland are the primary geographical divisions through which Somaliland is administered. A distinction is made between districts of grades A, B, C and D, with the classification being based on population, area, economy and production.
Regions
History
British territory and independence era
The local administration of British Somaliland (1884-June 26, 1960) was stipulated primarily by the Local Government Ordinance of 1953. The ordinance established councils in six districts that had divided Somaliland since 1944. The ordinance continued to be used after independence as the
State of Somaliland
Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (), was an independent country in the territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which regards itself as its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former ...
(June 26-July 1, 1960). At the time of the integration with
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somaliland (; ; ) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and ...
on July 1, 1960, there were the following six districts.
*Berbera
*Borama
*Burao
*Erigavo
*Hargeisa
*Las Anod
The council (capital) was located in the city of the same name. These six areas were inherited by the regions established after the reindependence in 1991, and have a six-regionsystem with the six cities where the council was located as the capital.
British Somaliland
British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland. It was bordered by Italian Somalia, French Somali Coast and Ethiopian Empire, Abyssinia (Italian Ethiopia from 1936 ...
and latter
State of Somaliland
Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (), was an independent country in the territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which regards itself as its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former ...
">
British Somaliland Districts.png
Union era
On July 1, 1960, the
State of Somaliland
Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (), was an independent country in the territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which regards itself as its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former ...
annexed
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somaliland (; ; ) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and ...
and became independent again as the
Somali Republic
The Somali Republic (; ; ) was formed by the union of the Trust Territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad ...
. From then on, the former British territory is called the "northern region" and the former Italian territory with the capital Mogadishu is called the "southern region". On June 14, 1962, the six former British territories were reorganized into two states. The six districts that made up the former Italian territory have been transferred to the state as they are.
*Burao region (North East region):
Erigavo,
Burao
Burao, also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao (; , , ), is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was the site of the Somaliland Declaration of Independence, declaration of an independent Somaliland on 18 May 19 ...
and
Las Anod
Las Anod (; ) is the administrative capital of the Sool region, currently controlled by Khatumo State forces aligned with Somalia.
Territorial dispute
The city is disputed by Puntland and Somaliland. The former bases its claim due to the kins ...
merged. It has a population of 330,000 (estimated in 1961) and an area of 128,000 square kilometers.
*Hargeisa region (North West region):
Berbera
Berbera (; , ) is the capital of the Sahil, Somaliland, Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country, located approximately 160 km from the national capital, Hargeisa. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of t ...
,
Borama
Borama (, ) is the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia.
During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the Adal Sultanate. It later formed a ...
and
Hargeisa
Hargeisa ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland, a ''List of states with limited recognition, de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still considered internationally to be part of Somalia. It is also th ...
districts merged. It has a population of 270,000 (same as above) and an area of 48,000 square kilometers.
Subsequently, the "Local Administration and Local Assembly Election Act" was enacted on August 14, 1963, and a district (District, different from that of the British territory) council was established. A decree governing region and district organization on February 8, 1967 established a two-tiered region-district structure.
On October 21, 1969, a military coup by Maj. Gen.
Mohammed Siad Barre broke out. Barre, who seized power, placed all local governments, including regions and districts, under the direct control of the government under the "Local Government Reform Act" of June 8, 1972, and was a party under the decree of February 3, 1977. He established a local rule system based on dictatorship socialism. By 1982, the Barre administration had reorganized the regions of the country, and the two northern regions were divided into
Woqooyi Galbeed,
Togdheer
Togdheer (, ) is an administrative region (''Administrative divisions of Somaliland, gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Sahil, Somaliland, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool, Somalia ...
, and
Sanaag
Sanag (, ) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north eastern Somaliland.[Regions of Somalia](_blank)
Sa ...
. In June 1984,
Awdal was separated from
Woqooyi Galbeed, and
Sool was separated from Nugal (former Italian territory) (although there is a theory that the addition of these two regions was not implemented ). .. During the
Ogaden War
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (, ), was a military conflict between Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia and derg, Ethiopia fought from July 1977 to March 1978 over control of the sovereignty of the Ogaden region. Somalia ...
(1977–1988), the same number of refugees as the population at that time (estimated at 1.3 million) rushed to the northern region, and the governing body was paralyzed.
Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (; , ; ) was a socialist state in Somalia that existed from 1969 to 1991.
Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a 1969 Somali coup d'état, coup d'état led by Major General ...
1982-1991">
Somalia1969.png, Administrative divisions of