Redshank (soldier)

Redshank was a nickname for Scottish mercenaries from the Highlands and Western Isles contracted to fight in Ireland; they were a prominent feature of Irish armies throughout the 16th century. They were called redshanks because they went dressed in plaids and waded bare-legged through rivers in the coldest weather. An alternative etymology, illustrated by Jamieson by a quote from Sir Walter Scott, is that it referred to the untanned deer leather buskins worn by Highlanders, although Jamieson notes that Scott's source, John Elder of Caithness, actually stated its origin was from their habit of going "''bare-legged and bare-footed''".Jamieson (ed), '' Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language'', v2, p.280 The term was not derogatory, as the English were in general impressed with the redshanks' qualities as soldiers.

Weapons

The redshanks were usually armed alike, principally with bows (the short bow of Scotland and Ireland, rather than the longbow of Wales and England) and, initially, two-handed claymores or Lochaber axes. English observers reported that some Highlanders fighting in Ireland wore chain mail, long obsolete elsewhere.Fforde, ''The Great Glen'', 2011

Later in the period, they may have adopted the targe and single-handed broadsword, a style of weaponry originally fashionable in early 16th-century Spain from where its use could have spread to Ireland.Stevenson, ''Alasdair MacColla and the Highland Problem in the Seventeenth Century'', 1980, p.83 Combined with the use of muskets, this could have influenced the development of what was later referred to as the " highland charge", a tactic of firing a single coordinated musket volley before closing at a run with sword and targe. Many clan levies, however, would have remained relatively poorly armed.

Origins

Many redshanks came from the clans of the Hebrides. Others originated from the poorer clans of mainland Scotland. Their presence was, in general, an indication of the politically unsettled conditions in the west of the country during the period, particularly following the breakup of the Lordship of the Isles at the end of the 15th century.Stevenson, ''Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates'', 1981, p.4 Other than the Clan Donald, who had furnished Irish lords with soldiers in earlier times under the Gallowglass system, the men were mostly drawn from the clans of MacLeod, MacQuarrie

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