The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities. It is the labour counterpart of the military

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...

. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was the third-highest civil award in the Soviet Union, after the

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

and the

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (russian: Орден Октябрьской Революции, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferr ...

. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour began solely as an award of the

Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...

on December 28, 1920. The all-Union equivalent was established by Decree of the

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). and approved by another decree on September 15, 1928. The Order's statute and regulations were modified by multiple successive decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on May 7, 1936, on June 19, 1943, on March 28, 1980, and on July 18, 1980.

Award statute

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour can be awarded to citizens of the USSR, to businesses, associations, institutions, organizations, and allied autonomous republics, territories, autonomous regions, districts, cities and other localities; it may also be awarded to persons who are not citizens of the USSR, as well as to enterprises, institutions and organizations located in foreign countries: *for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, farming, construction, transport and other sectors of the economy, to improve the efficiency of social production; *for the highest growth rates in labour productivity, improved product quality, development and introduction of more advanced manufacturing processes; *for consistently high results in the implementation and overfulfillment of planned assignments and socialist obligations undertaken; *for major advances in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of livestock breeding, increasing manufacturing output and sales of state agricultural products; *for contributions in the development of science and technology, the introduction of the latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and innovations which are of great technical – economic significance; *for contributions in strengthening national defense; *for very fruitful activities in Soviet culture, literature and the arts; *for contributions in education and communist political education to the younger generations, in highly specialised training, health, trade, catering, housing, utilities, housing, public services; *for special achievements in the development of physical culture and Sports; *for important achievements in the field of state and public activities, the strengthening of socialist legality and the rule of law; *for great achievements in economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour could be awarded multiple times to the same recipient for successive deeds and long time merit. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other awards of the USSR, was located immediately after the

. If worn in the presence of Orders or medals of the

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia North Asia or Northern Asia, also referred to as Siberia, is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographic ...

, the latter have precedence.

Award description

The design of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour evolved over the years. Its original design, called "type 1" was amended in 1936, this new variant will be identified as "type 2".

Type 1

The "type 1" Order consisted of a 38 mm wide by 43 mm high silver badge in the shape of a

cogwheel A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or, in the case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth (called ''cogs''), which mesh with another (compatible) toothed part to transmit (convert) torque and speed. The basic ...

, at center, a disc bordered along its entire outer diameter by panicles of wheat. Protruding from under the lower half of the central disc, a red enamelled triangle pointing downwards. On the central disc in the background, a hydro electric dam, at center, a gilded

hammer and sickle The hammer and sickle (Unicode: "☭") zh, s=锤子和镰刀, p=Chuízi hé liándāo or zh, s=镰刀锤子, p=Liándāo chuízi, labels=no is a symbol meant to represent proletarian solidarity, a union between agricultural and industr ...

, at the top, a waving red banner bearing the inscription "

Proletarians The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian. Marxist philo ...

of the World, unite!" (russian: link=no, "Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!"). At the very bottom of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "USSR" (russian: link=no, "СССР") on a stylised horizontal shield bisected by a smaller cogwheel meshing into the larger one. On the otherwise plain reverse, a recess at center bearing a threaded post, two rivets used to secure the hammer and sickle and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion opposite the "USSR" inscription. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and nut arrangement. The earlier nuts were 28 mm in diameter, later ones measured 32 mm.

Type 2

The "type 2" Order also consisted of a silver badge in the shape of a

, it measured 38 mm wide by 44 mm high. On the lower circumference of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "

of the World, unite!" (russian: link=no, "Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!"), below the cogwheel, a red enamelled relief five pointed star superimposed on a shield from which four short panicles of wheat protrude left and right. At the center, a disc surrounded by a gilded wreath of oak leaves bearing the relief image of a hydro electric dam, below the dam, blue enamelled water, at the center of the disc, the gilded hammer and sickle, from the inner left side of the disc, a gilded mast bearing a waving red enamelled banner protruding from the central disc, covering the upper portion of the cogwheel and protruding past its outer upper edge on which "USSR" (russian: link=no, "СССР") is inscribed in gilded letters. Along the outer circumference of the central disc's wreath, white enamelled slots spaced equally on the cogwheel. On the otherwise plain reverse, a concave recess at center bearing a threaded post, eight rivets (only three rivets on the post 1943 variant) used to secure the various parts to the badge and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion below the recess. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and a 33 mm in diameter nut until 1943 when it was secured by a ring through the medal suspension loop to a pentagonal mount covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide light blue silk moiré ribbon with 4 mm wide dark blue edge stripes.

Recipients (partial list)

The individuals listed below were recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. The first recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the RSFSR was Nikita Menchukov for saving an important bridge from being destroyed by flowing ice. Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the USSR number 1 was presented to the Putilov (later Kirov) Works in

Leningrad Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

. The first individual awardees were V. Fedetov, A. Shelagin and M. Kyatkovsky for the rescue of a polar expedition. Mikhail Gorbachev received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for harvesting a record crop on his family's

collective farm Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...

in 1949 at age 17, an honor which was very rare for someone so young. He is one of the Order's youngest recipients.

Six-time recipients

* Nikolay Maksimovich Belyaev, founder and head of the optical industry * Nikolay Stepanovich Beznosov, deputy minister of Defense Industry of the USSR * Mikhail Aleksandrovich Brezhnev, engineer * Makar Fyodorovich Goryainov, general * Alexander Konstantinovich Protazanov, first secretary of the East Kazakhstan Party organisation * Nikolay Nicholaevich Smelyakov, Minister of General Machine Building of the USSR, director of the factory "Red Sormovo" * Leonid Nikolaevich Solovyev, politician * Aleksey Ivanovich Sorokin, politician * Suleyman Azad oğlu Vazirov, Minister of Oil Industry in the Azerbaijani SSR

Five-time recipients

* Arnold Green, Soviet diplomat, Party and State figure * Mikhail Alexandrovich Leontovich, physicist and academician *Gennady Vasilevich Alekseenko, a specialist in the field of energy *Aleksandr Fedorovich Belov, metallurgy academician *Pavel Semyonovich Vlasov, Hero of Socialist Labour, director of the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant *Leonid Efimovich Grafov, Deputy Minister of the Coal Industry *Ivan Timofeevich Grishin, Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade *Nikolai Alekseevich Gundobin, Hero of Socialist Labour, 1st Deputy Minister of Transport of the USSR *Aleksandr Viktorovich Dokukin, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences *Leonid Fedorovich Ilichev, secretary of the CPSU Central Committee *Vladimir Alekseevich Karlov, Hero of Socialist Labour, department head of the CPSU Central Committee *Boris Vasilevich Kurchatov, doctor of chemical sciences *Pavel Andreevich Maletin, Deputy Minister of Finance of the USSR (1939–1945, 1960–1969) *Konstantin Dmitrievich Petukhov, Hero of Socialist Labour, General Director of PEMSO "Dynamo" * Rasizade, Shamil Alievich, deputy prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1970–1984) *Aleksey Vladimirovich Romanov, editor of the newspaper "Soviet Culture" *Ivan Dmitrievich Sosnov, Minister of Transport Construction of the USSR *

Tamara Khanum Tamara Khanum (1906–1991) was an Armenian dancer, known for being one of the first women in Uzbekistan to dance on stage without a paranja. She was a colleague of ill-fated Uzbek dancer Nurkhon Yuldasheva, who was murdered in an honor killi ...

, People's Artist of USSR (1956), Uzbek dancer *Konstantin Chibisov, Corresponding Member of USSR Academy of Sciences (1946)

Four-time recipients

* Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov, poet * Levko Mykolajovych Revutskyi, composer, teacher, and activist * Sabit Atayevich Orujev, Deputy Prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1957–1959) * Andrey Melitonovich Balanchivadze, composer * Augusts Eduardovich Voss, politician and party functionary * Natalia Mikhailovna Dudinskaya, prima ballerina * Eugen Arturovich Kapp, composer and music educator * Patriarch Alexy I, patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church * Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova, prima ballerina

Three-time recipients

* Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union *

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (– 9 February 1984) was the sixth paramount leader of the Soviet Union and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. After Leonid Brezhnev's 18-year rule, Andropov served in the po ...

, fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union *

Alexander Naumovich Frumkin Alexander Naumovich Frumkin (Алекса́ндр Нау́мович Фру́мкин) (October 24, 1895 – May 27, 1976) was a Russian/ Soviet electrochemist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1932, founder of the Russian ...

, electrochemist, Hero of Socialist Labour *

Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev (russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Я́ковлев; 2 December 1923 – 18 October 2005) was a Soviet and Russia, Russian politician, diplomat, and historian. A member of the Politburo of t ...

, politician and historian * Grigory Naumovich Chukhray, film director and screenwriter * Sopubek Begalievich Begaliev, politician * Matvey Alkunovich Kapelyushnikov, mechanical engineer, Hero of Socialist Labour * Georgy Nikolayevich Flyorov, nuclear physicist * Boris Borisovich Pyotrovsky, academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist *

Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov Isaak Markovych Khalatnykov ( uk, Ісаа́к Ма́ркович Хала́тников; 17 October 1919 – 9 January 2021) was a leading Soviet theoretical physicist who has made significant contributions to many areas of theoretical physics, ...

, physicist * Max Arkadyevich Taitz, scientist in

aerodynamics Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dyn ...

, theory of

jet engines A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet (fluid), jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include Rocket engine, rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and ...

and flight testing of aircraft, one of the founders of the

Gromov Flight Research Institute The Gromov Flight Research Institute or GFRI for short (russian: link=no, Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова, russian: link=no, ЛИИ) is an important Russian State Researc ...

, recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the

RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...

Two-time recipients

* Andrey Nikolayevich Tupolev, aircraft designer * Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov, cosmonaut and eminent space engineer * Aram Ilyich Khachaturian, composer * Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich, theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate * Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna, first female government minister in Europe, one of the first female diplomats in modern times * Khrennikov, Tikhon Nikolayevich, composer and pianist * Klavdiya Sergeevna Kildsheva, aviation engineer and Hero of Socialist Labor * Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, physicist * Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, politician * Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina, Olympic gold medalist figure skater *

Züleyxa Seyidməmmədova Zuleykha Seyidmammadova ( az, Züleyxa Mirhəbib qızı Seyidməmmədova, russian: Зулейха Мир-Габиб кызы Сеидмамедова; 22 March 1919 – 1994) was one of the first Azerbaijan female pilots and the first Azerbaijani ...

, fighter pilot * Ilyushin, Vladimir Sergeyevich, test pilot *

Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov (also Yuliy Vorontsov; russian: Ю́лий Миха́йлович Воронцо́в) (October 7, 1929, Leningrad – December 12, 2007, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian diplomat, President of International Centr ...

diplomat and ambassador * Arkady Ilyich Ostashev laureate of the

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

and

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * '' Our ...

prizes of the, senior test pilot of

missile In military terminology, a missile is a missile guidance, guided airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight usually by a jet engine or rocket motor. Missiles are thus also called guided missiles or guided rockets (when a previously ...

s and space-rocket complexes of

OKB-1 PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва, Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S. P. Korolyov ...

, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. * Dimitry Dmitrievich Venediktov Deputy Health Minister of the USSR *

Shamama Hasanova Shamama Mahmudali gizi Hasanova (Arayatlı, 7 November 1923 – Baku, 5 September 2008; az, Şamama Mahmudəli qızı Həsənova) was an Azerbaijani cotton grower and politician. Work Since 1942, Hasanova worked gathering cotton at a collect ...

, Azerbaijani cotton producer and politician. *

Kim Pen Hwa Kim Pen Hwa (russian: Ким Пён Хва, ko, 김병화; – 7 May 1974) was the chairman of the collective farm 'Polyarnaya Zvezda' in the Uzbek SSR and twice Hero of Socialist Labour. Early life Kim was born into a Korean peasant family ...

manager * Aleksey Vasilievich Shubnikov crystallographer

Single awards

* Leila Abashidze, actor and writer *

Pavel Alexandrov Pavel Sergeyevich Alexandrov (russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Алекса́ндров), sometimes romanized ''Paul Alexandroff'' (7 May 1896 – 16 November 1982), was a Soviet mathematician. He wrote about three hundred papers, ma ...

, mathematician * Araxie Babayan, chemist * Fyokla Bezzubova, folklore writer *

Mariya Borodayevskaya Mariya Borisovna Borodaevskaya, née Kessenikh (9 December 1911, Tbilisi – 11 November 1994, Moscow) was a doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, specialist in gold and copper deposits. She was an Honored Worker of Science ...

, geologist *

Lyudmila Byakova Lyudmila Stepanovna Byakova (russian: Людмила Степановна Бякова; born 23 March 1946) is a Soviet and Russian seamstress-minder who worked at the Kirovo-Chepetsk garment factory and at the Kurgan Industrial Sewing Associatio ...

, seamstress *

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (russian: Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин, ; 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Soviet and Russian politician and businessman. He was the Minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union ...

, Prime Minister of Russia (1992–1998) *

Clementine Churchill Clementine Ogilvy Spencer Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, (; 1 April 1885 – 12 December 1977) was the wife of Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and a life peer in her own right. While legally the daughter ...

Ilya Devin Ilya Maksimovich Devin ( Russian cyrillic: ''Илья́ Макси́мович Де́вин''; July 20, 1922, Sire Теrizmorga – November 13, 1998, Saransk) was a Mordvin writer. Life He was born in a family of farmers, and after being a ...

, writer *

Valentina Dimitrieva Valentina Dmitrievna Dimitrieva (russian: Валентина Дмитриевна Дмитриева; 16/25 September 1937 – 18 February 2019) was a Soviet Russian farm worker, production leader and politician who worked at the Motor Bolishebik ...

, farm worker * Glafira Dorosh, chef, the only recipient of a Soviet order for a recipe * Lev Dyomin, cosmonaut *

Lydia Fotiyeva Lydia Alexandrovna Fotiyeva ( Russian: ; 18 October 1881 – 25 August 1975) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and personal secretary of Vladimir Lenin. Biography Lydia Fotiyeva was born on 18 October 1881 in Ryazan, then in the Russian ...

, personal secretary of

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

Ivan Gevorkian Ivan Khristoforovich Gevorkian, born Hovannes Khachaturi Gevorkian Armenian: Հովհաննես Խաչատուրի Գևորգյան; Russian: Иван Христофорович Геворкян; (March 28, 1907 – October 19, 1989) was a Soviet ...

, prominent Soviet Armenian surgeon and scientist *

Äxmät İsxaq Äxmät İsxaq ( tt-Cyrl, Әхмәт Исхак, , , ; russian: Ахмет Исхак; 1905–1991) was a Soviet-Tatar poet, translator, and journalist. Biography Äxmät İsxaq was born in Kazan. He received his professional education at t ...

, Tatar poet and translator *

Anatoly Karpov Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov ( rus, links=no, Анато́лий Евге́ньевич Ка́рпов, p=ɐnɐˈtolʲɪj jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈkarpəf; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian and former Soviet chess grandmaster, former World Che ...

, World Chess Champion *

Faina Kotkowa Faina Vasilyevna Kotkova (; 6 April 1933, Vyazniki – 4 June 2020, Vyazniki) was a Soviet and Russian weaver and labour leader. She was invested with the Order of the Badge of Honour in 1966, the Order of the October Revolution in 1971, the Ord ...

, weaver *

Valentina Khetagurova Valentina Semyonovna Khetagurova (russian: Валентина Семёновна Хетагурова; 19141992), was a founder of the Khetagurova movement (Khetagurovite Campaign), a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union for the R ...

(1914–1992), founder of the Khetagurovite Campaign *

Marcus Klingberg Avraham Marek Klingberg (7 October 1918 – 30 November 2015), known as Marcus A. Klingberg, was an Israeli scientist and the highest ranking Soviet spy ever caught in Israel. The case of Klingberg is regarded as one of the most destructive spy s ...

, Israeli scientist and Soviet spy * Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist and

evolutionary biologist Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life fo ...

. * Jack Littlepage, US mining expert and

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

Deputy

Commissar Commissar (or sometimes ''Kommissar'') is an English transliteration of the Russian (''komissar''), which means ' commissary'. In English, the transliteration ''commissar'' often refers specifically to the political commissars of Soviet and ...

Vladimir Lobashev Vladimir Mikhailovich Lobashev (July 29, 1934 – August 3, 2011) was a Russian physicist and expert in nuclear physics and particle physics. He authored over 200 papers, of which 25 were considered groundbreaking. Early life and education Lobash ...

, physicist * Mikhail Mil, aerospace engineer * Mariya Orlyk, teacher and politician * Sergei Orlov, sculptor and painter * Nicolay Paskevich, painter *

Ivan Poddubny Ivan Maximovich Poddubny or Ivan Maksymovych Piddubnyy (russian: Ива́н Максимович Подду́бный, uk, Іва́н Максимович Підду́бний; – 8 August 1949) was a professional wrestler from the Russian Emp ...

, professional wrestler * Vladimir Rvachev, mathematician *

Yevgeny Primakov Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999. During his long career, he also served as Foreign Minister, Speaker of the Supreme ...

, Speaker of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union * Leonid Rogozov, physician who took part in the sixth

Soviet Antarctic Expedition The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, ''Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya'') was part of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the S ...

in 1960–1961 *

Arnold Rüütel Arnold Rüütel OIH () (born 10 May 1928) is an Estonian politician and agricultural scientist. He has served as the last chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 8 April 1983 to 29 March 1990, Chairman of the Su ...

, ex-president of

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and t ...

Nikolay Semyonov Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Semënov), (russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; – 25 September 1986) (often referred to in English as Semenoff, Semenov, Semionov, or Semyonova) was a Soviet physicist and chem ...

, physicist and chemist *

Yuri Levitan Yuri Borisovich Levitan (russian: Юрий Борисович Левитан, 2 October 1914 – 4 August 1983) was the primary Soviet radio announcer during and after World War II. He announced on Radio Moscow all major international events ...

, Soviet radio announcer *

Lyudmila Shevtsova Lyudmila Ivanovna Gurevitch (nee Shevtsova later Lysenko; born 26 November 1934) is a retired Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the 800 metres. On 3 July 1960, she set a world record in this event at 2 min 4.3 seconds. She equalled this tim ...

– athlete, Olympic champion and

800 m The 800 metres, or meters ( US spelling), is a common track running event. It is the shortest commonly run middle-distance running event. The 800 metres is run over two laps of an outdoor (400-metre) track and has been an Olympic event since th ...

world record holder *

Mikhail Shuisky Mikhail Grigorievich Shuisky (Russian: Михаил Григорьевич Шуйский), (13 November .S. 1 November1883 – 11 September 1953) was a opera and concert singer. He sang leading baritone roles in Austria, Germany and Russia dur ...

, opera singer *

Vasily Shukshin Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (russian: Василий Макарович Шукшин; 25 July 1929 – 2 October 1974) was a Soviet Russian writer, actor, screenwriter and film director from the Altai region who specialized in rural themes. A ...

, actor, writer, screenwriter and film director *

Alexander Yakovlev Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev (russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Я́ковлев; 2 December 1923 – 18 October 2005) was a Soviet and Russian politician, diplomat, and historian. A member of the Politburo and Secret ...

, aeronautical engineer * Alexander Yanshin, geologist *

Yevgeny Yevtushenko Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko ( rus, links=no, 1=Евге́ний Алекса́ндрович Евтуше́нко; 18 July 1933 – 1 April 2017) was a Soviet and Russian poet. He was also a novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, ...

, poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, actor, editor, and film director *

Melita Stedman Norwood Melita Stedman Norwood (née Sirnis; 25 March 1912 – 2 June 2005) was a British civil servant, Communist Party of Great Britain member and KGB spy. Born to a British mother and Latvian father, Norwood is most famous for supplying the Soviet ...

Spy USSR - Work 1930-1972. *

Hugh Lincoln Cooper Hugh Lincoln Cooper (April 28, 1865–June 24, 1937Olga Avilova, surgeon * Barno Itzhakova,

Shashmaqam Shashmaqam (russian: Шашмаком; uz, shashmaqom; tg, шашмақом; fa, شش‌مقام) is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which may have developed in the city of Bukhara. Shashmaqam means the six ...

folk singer *

Sergi Jikia Sergi Jikia ( ka, სერგი ჯიქია; October 20, 1898 ― December 6, 1993) was a Georgians, Georgian historian and orientalist, founder of the Turkology in Georgia (country), Georgia. Biography Sergi jikia was born in the village o ...

, Georgian historian and orientalist, founder of the Turkology in Georgia. * Nina Pigulevskaya, Soviet historian and orientalist. *

Leonid Kirensky Leonid Vasilyevich Kirensky (; April 7, 1909 in Amga, Russian Empire – November 3, 1969 in Moscow, Soviet Union), whose name was also written as Leonid Vasil'evich Kirenskii, was a Soviet physicist and university professor. Life and career Kir ...

, physicist

Institutions, organisations, localities

Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=n ...

Vilnius University Vilnius University ( lt, Vilniaus universitetas) is a public research university, oldest in the Baltic states and in Northern Europe outside the United Kingdom (or 6th overall following foundations of Oxford, Cambridge, St. Andrews, Glasgow an ...

* City of Kovrov *

Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...

* City of Mykolaiv * City of Podolsk * Bolshevichka clothes factory * Zvyazda state newspaper *

East Siberian Railway The East Siberian Railway () is a railway in Russia (a branch of the Russian Railways and a part of the Trans-Siberian Railway), which runs across Irkutsk Oblast, Chita Oblast, Buryatia, and Yakutia. The railway administration is located in I ...

National Library of Russia The National Library of Russia (NLR, russian: Российская национальная библиотека}), located in Saint Petersburg, is the first, and one of three national public libraries in Russia. The NLR is currently ranked amo ...

Kuban State University of Technology Kuban State Technological University ( Russian: ''Кубанский государственный технологический университет''), also referred to as the Kuban State University of Technology, is a Russian public techn ...

Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical tech ...

* 8th Soviet Rifle Division *

Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works J.S.Co. (KUMZ) is one of the town-forming enterprises of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. KUMZ was founded especially for supplying of aerospace industry with semi-finished products in aluminium and m ...

, in 1978 *

Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya Publishing houses in the Soviet Union were a series of publishing enterprises which existed in the Soviet Union. Centralization On 8 August 1930, the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) established the state p ...

* Trolza trolleybus factory * Ural State Medical University *

Uraltransmash Uraltransmash (russian: Уральский завод транспортного машиностроения) is a company based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Currently it is a subsidiary of Uralvagonzavod. Uraltransmash is Russia's primary producer ...

Yerevan State University Yerevan State University (YSU; hy, Երևանի Պետական Համալսարան, ԵՊՀ, ''Yerevani Petakan Hamalsaran''), also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia. Founded in 1919 ...

References

Works cited

External links

Legal Library of the USSR The Russian Gazette
{{DEFAULTSORT:Labour, Order of the Red Banner of Awards established in 1920 Awards established in 1928 Awards disestablished in 1991 Red Banner of Labor, Order of the 1920 establishments in Russia 1928 establishments in the Soviet Union 1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union