Red-class Cutter

The Red class consisted of five coastal buoy tenders designed, built, owned, and operated by the United States Coast Guard. This was the first new class of buoy tenders built after World War II. It was designed to work in coastal waterways and the major rivers which fed them such as New York Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, and San Francisco Bay. Their primary mission was maintaining aids to navigation, with secondary missions of search and rescue, light icebreaking, law enforcement, and marine environmental protection.

At the end of their Coast Guard careers, two of the ships were sunk off the New Jersey coast as part of artificial reefs. The three others were transferred to the Argentine Navy, where they remain in service.

Origin and acquisition

Of the 26 coastal buoy tenders in the Coast Guard fleet in 1964, 11 of them were judged to be obsolete. Nonetheless, Congress only approved funding to replace the most outdated ships, and even then only on the basis that their replacements would save money due to lower maintenance and smaller crews.

''Red Wood'' and ''Red Beech'' replaced two sister ships, steam-engine-powered buoy tenders, USCGC ''Hawthorne'' and USCGC ''Oak''. The latter was the longest continuously serving vessel in the Coast Guard fleet at the time of her retirement.

The Coast Guard's FY 1963 budget included $3 million to fund ''Red Birch'', which was described to Congress as a replacement for USCGC ''Hawthorne''. Once built, however, she replaced USCGC ''Columbine'' in San Francisco.

In its FY 1969 budget request, the Coast Guard sought $2.5 million for a Red-class cutter to replace two older buoy tenders in the Chesapeake Bay and Portsmouth, Virginia area. Congress approved the funding for what became ''Red Cedar''.

The Coast Guard received $3.1 million in its FY 1970 budget for ''Red Oak'' to replace , which was 37 years old at the time. ''Lilac'' was the last Coast Guard buoy tender to be propelled by a steam engine. Spare parts were largely unavailable and maintenance was costly and difficult.

Construction and characteristics

All five ships of the class were built at the Coast Guard Yard in Curtis Bay, Maryland. Their hulls were built of welded steel plates. The ships were long overall, with a beam of , and a draft of . Their shallow draft and flat bottoms were required for their work along the edges of dredged channels, but this hull form made them harder to maneuver and more prone to rolling. Their hulls were reinforced for light icebreaking. They displaced 471 tons with a light load, and 572 tons with a full load.

The ships had two Caterpillar 398A diesel engines rated at each. These drove two four-bladed controllable-pitch propellers which were in diameter. Red-class ships had a maximum speed of . They had a bow thruster for increased maneuverability. This was driven by a power take-off from the starboard propulsion engine.

Their tanks held of diesel fuel. This gave them a range of at , or at full speed. There were three engine control stations, two on the bridge wings and one in the pilothouse.

Their buoy deck featured a crane with the ability to lift 10 tons, which could be controlled from two different stations just below the bridge deck. The cranes' hydraulics were driven by a power take-off from the port propulsion engine. The buoy deck had of working space.

The ships were crewed by 4 officers and 28 enlisted men. Crew quarters were air-conditioned, a notable improvement in comfort at the time.

Ships in the Red class

Argentine service

Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, surplus military equipment could be transferred to other countries through the Excess Defense Articles program to support U.S. foreign policy objectives. ''Red Wood'', ''Red Birch,'' and ''Red Cedar'' were transferred to the Argentine Navy through this program, after their decommissioning by the U.S. Coast Guard. These transfers were part of a comprehensive program to improve the Argentine Navy's ability to interdict drugs and their precursor chemicals.

The three ships remain in service as of 2023, and continue to execute a variety of missions.

References

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Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built by the United States Coast Guard Yard