The ''UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods'' are contained in th

prepared by the Subcommittee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the

United Nations Economic and Social Council The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of six principal organs of the United Nations, responsible for coordinating the economic and social fields of the organization, specifically in regards to the fifteen specialized ...

(ECOSOC). They cover the transport of

dangerous goods Dangerous goods are substances that are a risk to health, safety, property or the environment during transport. Certain dangerous goods that pose risks even when not being transported are known as hazardous materials ( syllabically abbreviate ...

by all modes of transport except by bulk tanker. They are not obligatory or legally binding on individual countries, but have gained a wide degree of international acceptance: they form the basis of several international agreements and many national laws. "Dangerous goods" (also known as "hazardous materials" or "HAZMAT" in the United States) may be a pure

chemical substance A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Chemical substances may take the form of a single element or chemical compounds. If two or more chemical substances can be com ...

(e.g.

TNT Troponin T (shortened TnT or TropT) is a part of the troponin complex, which are proteins integral to the contraction of skeletal and heart muscles. They are expressed in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Troponin T binds to tropomyosin and helps ...

nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin (NG) (alternative spelling nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerol (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by ...

), mixtures (e.g.

dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern German ...

gunpowder Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal (which is mostly carbon), and potassium nitrate, potassium ni ...

) or manufactured articles (e.g.

ammunition Ammunition, also known as ammo, is the material fired, scattered, dropped, or detonated from any weapon or weapon system. The term includes both expendable weapons (e.g., bombs, missiles, grenades, land mines), and the component parts of oth ...

firework Fireworks are Explosive, low explosive Pyrotechnics, pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large numbe ...

s). The transport hazards that they pose are grouped into nine classes, which may be subdivided into divisions and/or packing groups. The most common dangerous goods are assigned a

UN number A UN number (United Nations number) is a four-digit number that identifies hazardous materials, and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, oxidizers, toxic liquids, etc.) in the framework of international trade and transport. Some h ...

, a four digit code which identifies it internationally. Less common substances are transported under generic codes such as "UN1993: flammable liquid, not otherwise specified". The ''UN Recommendations'' do not cover the manufacturing, use or disposal of dangerous goods.

History and principles

The first version of the ''Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods'' was produced by the ECOSOC in 1956. From 1996, the ''Recommendations'' were effectively split into two parts: the ''Model Regulations'', which form a suggested drafting for laws and regulations on the transport of dangerous goods; and the ''Manual of Tests and Criteria'', which contains technical information about methods of testing products to ascertain their hazards. The 23rd edition of the ''Recommendations'' was published in 2023. The container requirements include some material and construction requirements but also performance testing is required. The

package testing Package testing or packaging testing involves the measurement of a characteristic or property involved with packaging. This includes packaging materials, packaging components, primary packages, shipping containers, and unit loads, as well as th ...

is based on the packing group (hazard level) of the contents, the quantity of material, and the type of container. The UN recommendations are implemented by regulatory bodies in each country:

Transport Canada Transport Canada () is the Ministry (government department), department within the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, Policy, policies and Public services, services of road, rail, marine and air Transport in Canada, tra ...

United States Department of Transportation The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States a ...

, etc. Some carriers have additional requirements.

Pictograms

Notes

References

* * *ASTM D4919- Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packaging *ASTM D7387- Standard Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) *ISO 16104 - 2003 Packaging - Transport packaging for dangerous goods - Test methods * Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, * Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, * Established in 2001 with the initial registered business being transportation services, up to now, Vietnam Red Ant Joint Stock Company is known as the leading professional company in Vietnam in the field of providing solutions and service
đóng thùng gỗ
goods packaging, multimodal transportation, importing and distributing materials for the packaging industry that meet ISPM15 standards.

External links

Dangerous Goods
at the

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Econom ...

*
UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations

* ttp://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/tdg/publications-tp14093e-287.htm Drop tests of selected steel drums, InNOVAcorp, 2003. TP 14093E, Transport Canada
Bulk Bags (FIBC - Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers) and The UN Code
{{Portal bar, Politics Chemical safety Safety codes Hazardous materials Packaging United Nations documents

History and principles

Pictograms

See also

Notes

References

External links