Reading was a
parliamentary borough
A borough is an administrative division in various English language, English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
...
, and later a
borough constituency
In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to the House of Commons.
Within the United Kingdom there are five bodies with members elected by electoral districts called " constituen ...
in
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
, represented in the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of ...
of the
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the Great Council of England, great council of Lords Spi ...
until 1707, the
Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union 1707, Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a ...
from 1707 to 1800, and of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace ...
from 1801 to 1950 and 1955 to 1974. Until 1885, the constituency comprised the town of
Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of Visual perception, sight or Somatosensory system, touch.
For educators and researchers, reading is a multifacete ...
in the county of
Berkshire
Berkshire ( ; abbreviated ), officially the Royal County of Berkshire, is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Oxfordshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the north-east, Greater London ...
; after 1885, it was centred on the town but the exact boundaries differed.
From 1295, as a parliamentary borough, Reading elected two members of parliament (MPs). Under the
Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) was an Act of Parliament (United Kingdom), act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that r ...
, this representation was reduced to a single MP.
History
Reading was one of the boroughs summoned to send members to the
Model Parliament
The Model Parliament was the 1295 Parliament of England of Edward I of England, King Edward I. Its composition became the model for later parliaments.
History
The term ''Model Parliament'' was coined by William Stubbs (1825-1901) and later use ...
. The boundaries (encompassing the whole of one parish and parts of two others) were effectively unchanged from 1295 to 1918. In 1831, the population of the borough was 15,935, and contained 3,307 houses.
The right to vote was exercised by all inhabitants paying
scot and lot
Scot and lot is a phrase common in the records of English, Welsh and Irish medieval boroughs, referring to local rights and obligations.
The term ''scot'' comes from the Old English word '' sceat'', an ordinary coin in Anglo-Saxon times, eq ...
, a relatively wide franchise for the period, and almost 2,000 votes were cast at the
general election of 1826. Despite this high electorate, the corporation of the town was generally considered in practice to control elections to a large extent. In the second half of the 18th century, Reading was notoriously one of the most corrupt constituencies in England, bribery being both routine and expensive: Namier quotes the accounts kept for
Prime Minister Newcastle of the 1754 election, which note that
John Dodd, the government's candidate there, had already received £1000 and was promised £500 or £600 more to help him win the seat. (Dodd lost by one vote, but had the result overturned on petition by a partisan vote in the House of Commons, and Newcastle's accounts show a continuing trickle of funds to him to nurse the constituency over the next few years.) A few years later, the nomination to one of Reading's seats was advertised for sale in a London newspaper, though Reading was not mentioned by name and no price was specified; the newspaper's printers were charged by the Commons with a breach of
privilege, but the sale of seats remained legal if frowned-upon until 1809.
The
Great Reform Act
The Representation of the People Act 1832 (also known as the Reform Act 1832, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 45), enacted by the Whig government of Pri ...
left Reading's representation and boundaries unchanged, and the reformed franchise far from increasing its electorate seems to have reduced it: it was estimated that there were 1,250 voters in 1831, but only 1,001 were registered for the first post-Reform election, that of
1832
Events
January–March
* January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society.
* January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white pla ...
.
The
Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. 23) was an Act of Parliament (United Kingdom), act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (sometimes called the "Reform Act of 1885"). It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that r ...
, coming into effect at
the 1885 general election, reduced the representation of the parliamentary borough to a single MP. The single-member Reading constituency continued to exist until it was split in 1950 into the separate constituencies of
Reading North and
Reading South. These two constituencies were merged back into a single Reading constituency in 1955, but again split apart in 1974; despite its name, the 1955 constituency did not contain the whole of the County Borough of Reading, with one ward being included in both of the Newbury and Wokingham seats.
After 1885, the constituency was marginal, regularly changing hands between the
Conservative Party and the
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world.
The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...
up to 1918, then between the Conservatives and
Labour.
Today the area formerly covered by the Reading constituency is within the constituencies of
Reading East
Reading East was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. In the 2019–2024 Parliament, it was one of two Labour seats from a total of eight seats in Berkshire.
Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Re ...
and
Reading West, which will be replaced by the constituencies of
Reading Central,
Reading West and Mid Berkshire
Reading West and Mid Berkshire is a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was formed as a result of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and primarily replaced the former Reading West constituency, als ...
, and
Earley and Woodley at the
2024 general election.
Boundaries and boundary changes
1885–1918
* The existing Parliamentary borough; and
* The area between the boundary of the Parliamentary borough and a boundary line drawn from the point at which the
Reading and Reigate Railway crossed the boundary of the Parliamentary borough at the River Kennet, eastward along the Railway until it crossed Culver Lane, then westward along the centre of Culver Lane as far as the centre of Wokingham Road, then southward along the centre of Wokingham Road as far as the centre of Crescent Road, then westward along the centre of Crescent Road as far as the centre of Eastern Avenue, then southward along the centre of Eastern Avenue as far as the centre of Upper Redlands Road, then westward along the centre of Upper Redlands Road as far as the centre of Alexandra Road, then south and west along the centre of Junction Road to the centre of Christchurch Road, then along the centre of Christchurch Road until the line reached the boundary of the existing Parliamentary borough.
''Minor expansion - see map on Vision of Britain website.''
1918–1950
* The County Borough of Reading.
''Boundaries extended to the south and west (gained from the
Newbury and
Wokingham
Wokingham ( ) is a market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England. It is the main administrative centre of the wider Borough of Wokingham. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 38,284 and the wider built-up area had a populati ...
Divisions), and to the north of the River Thames with the annexation of the Urban District of
Caversham (part of the
Henley Division of Oxfordshire) by Reading County Borough.''
For the
1950 general election, Reading was abolished as a single-member Parliamentary borough and split between the two new borough constituencies of
Reading North and
Reading South.
1955–1974
For the
1955 general election, Reading was re-established, replacing Reading North and Reading South and comprising:
* The County Borough of Reading wards of Abbey, Battle, Castle, Caversham East, Caversham West, Church, Katesgrove, Minster, Redlands, Victoria, West.
The East and Tilehurst wards were included in the
Wokingham
Wokingham ( ) is a market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England. It is the main administrative centre of the wider Borough of Wokingham. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 38,284 and the wider built-up area had a populati ...
and
Newbury constituencies respectively.
From the
1964 general election, a revision to the County Borough wards resulted in minor changes. The constituency now comprised:
* The County Borough of Reading wards of Abbey, Battle, Castle, Caversham, Christchurch, Katesgrove, Minster, Redlands, Thames, and Whitley.
The constituency was abolished once again for the 1974 general election. The Christchurch, Redlands and Whitley wards were included in the re-established constituency of Reading South, with remaining wards being included in Reading North.
Members of Parliament
1295–1660
* ''Constituency created 1295''
1640–1885
1885–1950
1955–1974
Elections
Elections in the 1830s
Elections in the 1840s
Talfourd resigned after being appointed a judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election.
Elections in the 1850s
Keating was appointed
Solicitor General for England and Wales
His Majesty's Solicitor General for England and Wales, known informally as the Solicitor General, is one of the law officers of the Crown in the government of the United Kingdom. They are the deputy of the Attorney General for England and Wales ...
, requiring a by-election.
Keating was appointed
Solicitor General for England and Wales
His Majesty's Solicitor General for England and Wales, known informally as the Solicitor General, is one of the law officers of the Crown in the government of the United Kingdom. They are the deputy of the Attorney General for England and Wales ...
, requiring a by-election.
Elections in the 1860s
Keating resigned after being appointed a Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election.
Pigott resigned after being appointed
Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man
The lieutenant governor of the Isle of Man ( or ''lhiass-chiannoort vannin'') is the Lord of Mann's official personal representative in the Isle of Man. He has the power to grant royal assent and is styled "His Excellency".
No Manx-born perso ...
, causing a by-election.
Pigott resigned after being appointed a Judge of the
Court of the Exchequer, causing a by-election.
Shaw-Lefevre was appointed a
Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.
Elections in the 1870s
Goldsmid's death caused a by-election.
Elections in the 1880s
Lefevre was appointed
First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.
Elections in the 1890s
Murdoch's death caused a by-election.
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1910s
Isaacs is appointed
Solicitor General of England and Wales, requiring a by-election.
Issacs is appointed
Lord Chief Justice of England and is elevated to the peerage as Lord Reading, requiring a by-election.
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.
*Unionist Party:
Leslie Orme Wilson
Sir Leslie Orme Wilson, (1 August 1876 – 29 September 1955) was a British Royal Marines officer, Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician, and colonial governor. He served as List of governors of Bombay Presidency, Governor of Bombay ...
*Liberal Party: Henry Norman Spalding
*British Socialist Party:
Joseph George Butler
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1930s
*The Liberal Party candidate,
Rosalie Glynn Grylls withdrew at close of nominations
General Election 1939–40:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;
*Conservative:
Alfred Howitt
*Labour:
Margaret Bondfield
Margaret Grace Bondfield (17 March 1873 – 16 June 1953) was a British Labour Party (UK), Labour Party politician, trade unionist and women's rights activist. She became the first female cabinet minister, and the first woman to be a priv ...
[''Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', 1939]
Elections in the 1940s
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
References
General
* J Holladay Philbin, ''Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
* Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, ''The Unreformed House of Commons'' (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
*
Specific
See also
*
List of parliamentary constituencies in Berkshire
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reading (Uk Parliament Constituency)
Parliamentary constituencies in Berkshire (historic)
Politics of Reading, Berkshire
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1295
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1950
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1955
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1974