Razdan is a family of general-purpose,

digital electronic computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as ''programs'', wh ...

s created from 1958–1965 at the

Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute The Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute (YCRDI) ( (''Yerevani mat'ematikakan mekenaneri gitahetazotakan institut (YerMMGHI)'')), is a scientific research institute and the pioneer of the IT and software industry in Armenia. It w ...

(YerNIIMM). The computer has a

semiconductor A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities (" doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping level ...

element base, that is, it belongs to computers of the second generation.

Razdan

The machine has been developed since 1958, based on the documentation for the M-3 machine (created under the direction of N.Ya.Matyukhin in the laboratory of I. S. Bruk). The head of the work is E. L. Brusilovsky. In 1960, the Razdan machine was handed over to the State Commission.

Machine specifications

* Command system: two-address, 17 basic commands, each of which has 8 modifications * Number system: binary, the word consists of 36

binary digits The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represented as ...

, of which 29 are the mantissa, 1 is the sign, 5 is the order, 1 is the sign of the order. * Speed: 5000 ops/sec. * Power consumption: approx. 3 kW from AC 220/380 V, 50 Hz. * Occupied area: 20 sq. m. In parallel with the assembly and adjustment of Razdan, in the same research institute, work was underway on the creation of the "

Aragats Mount Aragats (, ) is an isolated four-peaked volcano massif in Armenia. Its northern summit, at above sea level, is the highest point of the Lesser Caucasus and Armenia. It is also one of the highest points in the Armenian Highlands. The Ara ...

" computer, which has the same architecture. To assist in the creation of Razdan and Aragats, several employees of the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences were seconded to

Yerevan Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerev ...

, the head of the group was A. P. Merenkov.

Razdan-2

Serially produced since 1961. Entering and storing data and code is on perforated 35mm film.

Razdan-3

Put into operation in 1965, serial production of the machine began in 1966. Used as a control computer for working with scientific equipment. in nuclear research. There were several

scientific programming language Scientific programming language may refer to two related, yet distinct, concepts in computer programming. In a broad sense, it describes any programming language used extensively in computational science and computational mathematics, such as C, C+ ...

s compiled for it such as Fortran and Algol-60. On the basis of this model, in 1967–1977 YerNIIMM developed a system for automating the process of selling railway tickets – the Marshrut-1 complex (chief designer – A. Kuchukyan). This complex was used for a long time at several railway stations in Moscow (and later formed the basis of the first generation Express automated control system). The developers of this system received the State Prize of the

Armenian SSR The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ArSSR), also known as Soviet Armenia, or simply Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Soviet Armenia bordered the Soviet republics ...

in 1974.

References

{{reflist

External links

Razdan-2

Razdan-3

Documents in the archive of Academician
A.P. Ershov
VSU Virtual Museum :: COMPUTER :: Razdan – “Razdan-2”

Computer-related introductions in 1960 Soviet computer systems Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute