Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015) was an English historian specialising in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. From 1968 to 1987, he was

Warden A warden is a custodian, defender, or guardian. Warden is often used in the sense of a watchman or guardian, as in a prison warden. It can also refer to a chief or head official, as in the Warden of the Mint. ''Warden'' is etymologically ident ...

St Antony's College, Oxford St Antony's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politic ...

Early life

Carr was born on 11 April 1919 in

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Plac ...

Somerset Somerset ( , ), Archaism, archaically Somersetshire ( , , ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel, Gloucestershire, and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east ...

, to Reginald Henry Maillard Carr and his wife (Ethel Gertrude) Marion (née Graham).Carr, Sir Albert Raymond Maillard
in ''International Who's Who of Authors and Writers'' online (19th edition, Europa Publications, London and New York, 2004) p. 93
at thepeerage.com (accessed 11 January 2008) He was educated at Brockenhurst School, then a state secondary school in the

New Forest The New Forest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and forest in Southern England, covering southwest Hampshire and southeast Wiltshire. It was proclaimed a royal forest by William the Conqueror, featu ...

, Hampshire. He then studied at

Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church (, the temple or house, ''wikt:aedes, ædes'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by Henry V ...

, where he was elected Gladstone Research Exhibitioner in 1941.CARR, Sir (Albert) Raymond (Maillard)
at ''

Who's Who A Who's Who (or Who Is Who) is a reference work consisting of biographical entries of notable people in a particular field. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication ''Who's Who (UK), Who's Who'', a reference work on contemporary promin ...

'' online (accessed 11 January 2008)

Career

Carr was briefly a lecturer at

University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...

, in 1945–1946, before returning to Oxford as a Fellow of

All Souls College All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full me ...

, 1946–1953. He was next a Fellow of New College, 1953–1964, then Director of Oxford's Latin American Centre, 1964–1968 and the University's Professor of the History of Latin America, 1967–68. He became a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, in 1964, Sub-Warden of the college in 1966 and Warden in 1968, a position he held until his retirement in 1987. After his retirement from Oxford, he was King Juan Carlos Professor of Spanish History at

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...

in 1992. Carr's successor as Warden of St Antony's,

Ralf Dahrendorf Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, (; 1 May 1929 – 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician. A class conflict theorist, Dahrendorf was a leading expert on explaining an ...

, has described Carr's tenure of the post as the college's 'Fiesta days'. As a historian and

Hispanist Hispanism (sometimes referred to as Hispanic studies or Spanish studies) is the study of the literature and culture of the Spanish-speaking world, principally that of Spain and Hispanic America. It may also entail studying Spanish language an ...

, Carr's main interest lay in the vicissitudes of 19th and 20th century Spain,Raymond Carr
at fundacionprincipedeasturias.org (accessed 11 January 2008) and he was also a specialist in Latin American and Swedish history. In the words of

John Huxtable Elliott Sir John Huxtable Elliott (23 June 1930 – 10 March 2022) was a British historian and Hispanist who was Regius Professor at the University of Oxford and honorary fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He published ...

, "his book on Spain between 1808 and 1939 is basic to a better understanding of the era, and the later generation of historians, both within Spain and abroad, have followed up the leads that Carr gives in his book to great benefit." His ''Modern Spain, 1875-1980'' was called by the ''

Times Literary Supplement ''The Times Literary Supplement'' (''TLS'') is a weekly literary review published in London by News UK, a subsidiary of News Corp. History The ''TLS'' first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to ''The Times'' but became a separate publication ...

'' "a turning point in Spanish historiography - nothing comparable in scope, profundity, or perceptiveness exists." At St Antony's, he established an Iberian Centre, of which he was co-director with Joaquin Romero Maura.

Paul Preston Sir Paul Preston CBE (born 21 July 1946) is an English historian and Hispanist, biographer of Francisco Franco, and specialist in Spanish history, in particular the Spanish Civil War, which he has studied for more than 50 years. He is the winn ...

wrote in 1984 of their collaboration "Between them, Carr and Romero Maura instilled an intellectual rigour into modern Spanish historiography which had previously been conspicuously lacking." Carr also wrote an extensive foreword to the 1993 edition of '' The Spanish Labyrinth'' by

Gerald Brenan Edward FitzGerald "Gerald" Brenan, CBE, Military Cross, MC (7 April 1894 – 19 January 1987) was a British writer and hispanist who spent much of his life in Spain. Brenan is probably best known for ''The Spanish Labyrinth'', a historical wo ...

. A Fellow of the

British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...

since 1978, in 1983 he was awarded the Order of Alfonso X el Sabio by

King Juan Carlos King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by f ...

of Spain and in 1999 the

Prince of Asturias Award The Princess of Asturias Awards (, ), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981 to 2014 (), are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals ...

for

Social Sciences Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of society, societies and the Social relation, relationships among members within those societies. The term was former ...

. He is considered, together with Angus Mackay and Sir

, a major figure in developing Spanish historiography.Delanty, Gerard ''Handbook of Contemporary European Social Theory''. Routledge, 2006
at Google Books Carr wrote for ''

The Spectator ''The Spectator'' is a weekly British political and cultural news magazine. It was first published in July 1828, making it the oldest surviving magazine in the world. ''The Spectator'' is politically conservative, and its principal subject a ...

'' in 2007 - "I am old-fashioned and aged enough to believe that the best history is the work of the lone individual." His recreation was

fox hunting Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, normally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of hounds" ...

, about which he has written two books, ''English Fox Hunting: A History'' (1976), a comprehensive history of fox-hunting from medieval times, and, with his wife Sara Carr, ''Fox-Hunting'' (1982).

Other appointments

*Member of the National Theatre Board, 1968–1977 *Chairman of the Society for Latin American Studies, 1966–1968 *Corresponding Member of the Spain's Royal Academy of History (''Real Academia de la Historia''), Madrid

Personal life and death

In 1950, Carr married Sara Ann Mary Strickland, daughter of Algernon Walter Strickland and of Lady Mary Pamela Madeline Sibell Charteris. Sara Strickland's maternal grandfather was

Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss Hugo Richard Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss and 7th Earl of March DL (25 August 1857 – 12 July 1937), styled Lord Elcho from 1883 to 1914, was a British Conservative politician. Early life He was the fifth but eldest surviving son of The 1 ...

, and one of her great-grandfathers was Percy Wyndham (1835–1911), a

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...

politician who was one of

The Souls The Souls was a small loosely-knit but distinctive elite social and intellectual group in the United Kingdom from 1885 to the turn of the century. Many of the most distinguished British politicians and intellectuals of the time were members. Th ...

. The Carrs have three sons and one daughter, Adam Henry Maillard Carr (born 1951), Matthew Xavier Maillard Carr (1953-2011), Laura Selina Madeline Carr (born 1954), and Alexander Rallion Charles Carr (born 1958). Their son Adam married Angela P. Barry in 1988, and their daughter Rose Angelica Mary Carr was born in 1991. Matthew, a portrait artist, married Lady Anne Mary Somerset in 1988, and their daughter Eleanor Carr was born in 1992. Laura Carr married Richard E. Barrowclough in 1978 and has four children, Milo Edmond, Conrad Oliver, Theodore Charles, and Sibell Augusta. Carr died on 19 April 2015 at the age of 96.

Honours

*Member of the

, 1972Mediterranean Studies 3 (1992): About the Contributors
at mediterraneanstudies.org (accessed 11 January 2008) *Fellow of the British Academy, 1978 *Distinguished Professor,

Boston University Boston University (BU) is a Private university, private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. BU was founded in 1839 by a group of Boston Methodism, Methodists with its original campus in Newbury (town), Vermont, Newbur ...

, 1980 *Honorary Student of

, 1986 *

Knight Bachelor The title of Knight Bachelor is the basic rank granted to a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not inducted as a member of one of the organised Order of chivalry, orders of chivalry; it is a part of the Orders, decorations, and medals ...

, 1987

New Year Honours The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours. A number of other Commonwealth realms also mark this ...

*Fellow of the

Royal Historical Society The Royal Historical Society (RHS), founded in 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history. Origins The society was founded and received its royal charter in 1868. Until 1872 it was known as the H ...

*Fellow of the

Royal Society of Literature The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elect ...

*Honorary Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, 1988 *Honorary D Litt,

Complutense University of Madrid The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM; ) is a public research university located in Madrid. Founded in Alcalá in 1293 (before relocating to Madrid in 1836), it is one of the oldest operating universities in the world, and one of Spain's ...

, 1999 *Award of Merit, Society for Spanish Historical Studies of the US, 1987 *Leimer Award for Spanish Studies,

University of Augsburg The University of Augsburg () is a university located in the Universitätsviertel section of Augsburg, Germany. It was founded in 1970 and is organized in 8 Faculties. The University of Augsburg is a relatively young campus university with a ...

, 1990 * Prince of Asturias Award in Social Sciences, Prince of Asturias Foundation, 1999 *Grand Cross of the Order of Alfonso X el Sabio (Spain), 1983 *Order of Infante Dom Henrique (Portugal), 1989 *Foreign Member of the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...

, 2004

Clubs

Beefsteak A beefsteak, often called just steak, is a flat cut of beef with parallel faces, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibres. In common restaurant service a single serving has a raw mass ranging from . Beef steaks are usually grilled, pa ...

and Oxford and Cambridge; sometime

Selected works

*''Two Swedish Financiers: Louis De Geer and Joel Gripenstierna'', in H. E. Bell and R. L. Ollard, eds., ''Historical Essays Presented to David Ogg'', London: Black, 1963 *''Spain 1808–1939'',

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...

, 1966 *''Latin American Affairs'' (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1970 (St Antony's Papers, no. 22) *''The Republic and the Civil War in Spain'' (ed.), 1971 *''English Fox Hunting: A History'', London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, 2nd edition 1986, *''The Spanish Tragedy: the Civil War in Perspective'', 1977 *''Spain: Dictatorship to Democracy'' (with

Juan Pablo Fusi Juan Pablo Fusi Aizpurúa (born 1945 in San Sebastián) is a Spanish historian. He specialises in contemporary history, the Basque Country and nationalisms. Studies Fusi has a degree in history from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and has a Ph ...

), 1979 *''Modern Spain: 1875-1980'', 1980 *''Spain 1808-1975'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982 *''Fox-Hunting'' (with Sara Carr), Oxford University Press, 1982, *''Puerto Rico: a colonial experiment'', 1984 *''The Spanish Civil War: A History in Pictures'' (ed.), New York, W. W. Norton & Co., 1986 *''The Chances of Death: a diary of the Spanish Civil War'' by Priscilla Scott-Ellis (ed. by Carr), 1995 *''Visiones de fin de siglo'', 1999 *'' Spain: A History'' (ed.), 2000 *''El rostro cambiante de Clío'' (collection of pieces translated into Spanish by Eva Rodríguez Halffter), Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2005 Carr has also written many book reviews for journals, including the ''

New York Review of Books New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 ** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995 * "New" (Daya song), 2017 * "New" (No Doubt song), 1 ...

'' and ''

''.Raymond Carr
at spectator.co.uk (accessed 11 January 2008)

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carr, Raymond 1919 births Academics of King's College London Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford English knights Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford Fellows of New College, Oxford Fellows of the British Academy Fox hunters Fox hunting writers Historians of Latin America Historians of Spain Knights Bachelor 2015 deaths British Hispanists New York University faculty Wardens of St Antony's College, Oxford Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature Fellows of the Royal Historical Society English male non-fiction writers 20th-century English historians People from Bath, Somerset Historians of the Second Spanish Republic Historians of the University of Oxford