Raymond Brendan Manning (October 11, 1934 – January 18, 2000) was an American

carcinologist A carcinologist is a scientist who studies crustaceans or is otherwise involved in carcinology (the science of crustaceans). References {{Reflist, 24em . Carcinologists ...

, specialising in

alpha taxonomy In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ...

and

mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ago. Mantis shrimp typically grow to around in length ...

Biography

Raymond Manning was born in

Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, behi ...

, in 1934, but moved almost immediately with his mother to

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

. They lived in

Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda () is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland. It is located just northwest of Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a local church, the Bethesda Meeting House (1820, rebuilt 1849), which ...

, for the duration of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, but then returned to Haiti, to live in a house in

Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince ( , ; ht, Pòtoprens ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,311 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defin ...

owned by Raymond's adoptive father. Raymond was sent to a boarding school in

Tampa, Florida Tampa () is a city on the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The city's borders include the north shore of Tampa Bay and the east shore of Old Tampa Bay. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay area and the seat of Hillsborough C ...

, and studied at the

University of Florida The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida, traces its origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its ...

, gaining his

B.S. A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of ...

(1956),

M.S. A Master of Science ( la, Magisterii Scientiae; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. In contrast to ...

(1959) and

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

(1963) degrees from the

University of Miami The University of Miami (UM, UMiami, Miami, U of M, and The U) is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. , the university enrolled 19,096 students in 12 colleges and schools across nearly 350 academic majors and programs, ...

. While at university, Manning met and married Lilly King, who would be the

illustrator An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicat ...

for his

scientific paper : ''For a broader class of literature, see Academic publishing.'' Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within an academic field, sci ...

s throughout his life. On completing his doctorate, Manning was immediately appointed an associate curator at the

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

Scientific career

Manning was "an extremely productive carcinologist"; during his lifetime, he produced 282 scientific papers and monographs on extant and

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

stomatopod Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ago. Mantis shrimp typically grow to around in length ...

s and

decapods The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is es ...

, and a further eight papers have been published posthumously. More than one half of these papers were on

s, with nearly one third being descriptions of new species. A total of 306 species, 153 genera, 5 subfamilies, 19 families and 3 superfamilies were described in papers written or co-written by Manning. Manning was also an avid field biologist, and his collections, mostly from

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, a ...

Ascension Island Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is about from the coast of Africa and from the coast of South America. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory o ...

, and the

Mediterranean Basin In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and w ...

, amounted to more than 50,000

specimen Specimen may refer to: Science and technology * Sample (material), a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount * Biological specimen or biospecimen, an organic specimen held by a biorepository ...

s. The collection of stomatopods he amassed is the largest in the world, and covers 90% of the known species. Manning was one of the founders of the Crustacean Society, and its first president, and helped to establish the ''

Journal of Crustacean Biology The ''Journal of Crustacean Biology'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of carcinology (crustacean research). It is published by The Crustacean Society and Oxford University Press (formerly by Brill Publishers and Alle ...

''.

Taxa

Raymond Manning is commemorated in a number of scientific names of genera and species: *'' Acanthosquilla manningi'' Makarov, 1978 *'' Acoridon manningi'' Adkison, Heard & Hopkins, 1983 *''

Alain raymondi Alain may refer to: People * Alain (given name), common given name, including list of persons and fictional characters with the name * Alain (surname) * "Alain", a pseudonym for cartoonist Daniel Brustlein * Alain, a standard author abbreviation u ...

'' Ahyong & Ng, 2008 *'' Arcotheres rayi'' Ahyong & Ng, 2007 *'' Calaxiopsis manningi'' Komai, 2000 *'' Calaxius manningi'' Kensley, Lin, & Yu, 2000 *''

Cambarus manningi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...

'' Hobbs, 1981 *'' Cyclodorippe manningi'' Tavares, 1993 *'' Eumanningia'' Crosnier, 2000 *'' Eumanningia pliarthron'' Crosnier, 2000 *''

Eunephrops manningi ''Eunephrops manningi'', the banded lobster, is a species of lobster found in the West Indies. It was named in 1974 by carcinologist Lipke Holthuis after his friend and fellow carcinologist Raymond B. Manning. Description It grows to a length ...

'' (Holthuis, 1975) *'' Grynaminna'' Poore, 2000 *'' Holothuria mannigi'' Pawson, 1978 *''

Lepidophthalmus manningi ''Lepidophthalmus'' is a genus of ghost shrimp. Species ''Lepidophthalmus'' contains the following species: *''Lepidophthalmus bocourti'' (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870) *''Lepidophthalmus eiseni'' Holmes, 1904 *''Lepidophthalmus grandidieri'' (Couti ...

'' Felder & Staton, 2000 *''

Lithodes manningi ''Lithodes'' is a genus of king crabs. Today there are about 30 recognized species, but others formerly included in this genus have been moved to '' Neolithodes'' and ''Paralomis''. They are found in oceans around the world, ranging from shallo ...

'' Macpherson, 1988 *''

Lysiosquilla manningi ''Lysiosquilla'' is a genus of mantis shrimp of the family Lysiosquillidae, containing these species: *'' Lysiosquilla campechiensis'' Manning, 1962 *'' Lysiosquilla capensis'' Hansen, 1895 *'' Lysiosquilla colemani'' Ahyong, 2001 *''Lysiosquill ...

'' Boyko, 2000 *'' Manningia raymondi'' Bruce, 1986 *'' Manningia'' Serène, 1960 *'' Manningiana'' Pretzmann, 1972 *'' Manningis'' Al-Khayat & Jones, 1996 *'' Microprosthema manningi'' Goy & Felder, 1988 *'' Nannosquilla raymanningi'' Salgado-Barragán & Hendrickx, 1998 *'' Nanogalathea raymondi'' Tirmizi, 1980 *'' Naushonia manningi'' Akvarez, Villalobos, & Iliffe *'' Neonesidea manningi'' Maddocks, 1975 *'' Oratosquillina manningi'' Ahyong, Chan & Liao, 2000 *'' Oxyrhynchaxius manningi'' Lin, Kensley, & Chan, 2000 *'' Paralomis manningi'' Williams, Smith, & Baco, 2000 *'' Pontonia manningi'' Fransen, 2000 *'' Raninella manningi'' Bishops & Williams, 2000 *'' Raylilia'' Galil, 2001 *'' Raymanninus'' Ng, 2000 *'' Raymunida'' Macpherson & Machordam, 2000 *'' Raysquilla manningi'' Ahyong, 2000 *'' Raysquilla'' Ahyong, 2000 *'' Raytheres'' Campos, 2002 *''

Sergia manningorum Sergius was the name of a Roman Patrician Gens, Sergia (or Sergii), originally from Alba Longa (Latium in central Italy). It is also found as Sergios. It may refer to: Name *Sergius (name) or Serge, a masculine given name Roman Catholic ...

'' Froglia & Gramitto, 2000 *''

Thor manningi ''Thor manningi'' is a species of crustacean. The common name for this species is the Manning grass shrimp. On average the life span in this species is 4 to 5 months. The species uses drag powered swimming to move from place to place. ''Thor man ...

'' Chace, 1972 *'' Trizocheles manningi'' Forest, 1986 *'' Typton manningi'' Bruce, 2000 *'' Uroptychus raymondi'' Baba, 2000 Taxa named by Manning include: *''

Acantholambrus ''Acantholambrus'' is an extinct genus of crab. It contains the single species ''Acantholambrus baumi'', and was named by Blow and Manning in 1996. References External links ''Acantholambrus''at the Paleobiology Database Crabs Eocene cr ...

'' Manning, 1980 *'' Acantholambrus baumi'' Blow & Manning, 1996 *'' Biffarius'' Manning & Felder, 1991 *'' Chaceon fenneri'' (Manning & Holthuis, 1984) *''

Erythrosquilla ''Erythrosquilla'' is a genus of mantis shrimp, placed in its own family (Erythrosquillidae) and superfamily (Erythrosquilloidea) comprising two species: *''Erythrosquilla hamano'' Ahyong, 2001 *''Erythrosquilla megalops'' Manning & Bruce, 1984 ...

'' Manning & Bruce, 1984 *'' Erythrosquilla megalops'' Manning & Bruce, 1984 * Erythrosquillidae Manning & Bruce, 1984 * Erythrosquilloidea Manning & Bruce, 1984 *

Eurysquillidae Eurysquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ago. Ma ...

Manning, 1977 * Eurysquilloidea Manning, 1977 *''

Gonodactylaceus ''Gonodactylaceus'', is a genus of mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years a ...

'' Manning, 1995 *''

Gonodactylellus ''Gonodactylellus'' is a genus of mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ag ...

'' Manning, 1995 *''

Mithraculus cinctimanus ''Mithraculus cinctimanus'' (Banded Clinging Crab) is a species of crab in the family Majidae. It is found in the Caribbean region and is usually associated with a sea anemone, sponge or coral. Description ''Mithraculus cinctimanus'' is a smal ...

'' Stimpson, 1860 *'' Neogonodactylus'' Manning, 1995 *'' Neotrypaea'' Manning & Felder, 1991 *''

Nephropides ''Nephropides caribaeus'' is a species of lobster, the only species in the genus ''Nephropides''. It is found in western parts of the Caribbean Sea, from Belize to Colombia. It grows to a total length of around , and is covered in conspicuous tu ...

'' Manning, 1969 *''

Nephropides caribaeus ''Nephropides caribaeus'' is a species of lobster, the only species in the genus ''Nephropides''. It is found in western parts of the Caribbean Sea, from Belize to Colombia. It grows to a total length of around , and is covered in conspicuous tu ...

'' Manning, 1969 * Odontodactylidae Manning, 1980 *

Parasquillidae Parasquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp containing the three genera '' Faughnia'', '' Parasquilla'' and ''Pseudosquillopsis''. It was previously included in the superfamily Gonodactyloidea, but that group was found to be paraphyletic ...

Manning, 1995 *''

Parhippolyte sterreri ''Parhippolyte sterreri'' is a species of marine decapod crustacean in the family Barbouriidae, formerly placed in the genus ''Somersiella''. It is found in marine caves around the Bahamas, Cuba and Mexico and inland anchialine caves in Ber ...

'' (Hart & Manning, 1981) *'' Platysquilla'' Manning, 1967 * Procarididae Chace & Manning, 1972 * Procaridoidea Chace & Manning, 1972 *'' Procaris'' Chace & Manning, 1972 *'' Procaris ascensionis'' Chace & Manning, 1972 *'' Procaris chacei'' Hart & Manning, 1986 *''

Rissoides ''Rissoides'' is a genus of mantis shrimp. It is named after Antoine Risso, and includes the following species: *'' Rissoides africanus'' (Manning, 1974) *'' Rissoides barnardi'' (Manning, 1975) *'' Rissoides calypso'' (Manning, 1974) *''Rissoide ...

'' Manning & Lewinsohn, 1982 *''

Sakaila ''Sakalia'' is a genus of crabs in the family Aethridae, containing the following species: * ''Sakaila africana'' Manning & Holthuis, 1981 * ''Sakaila imperialis'' (Sakai, 1963) * ''Sakaila japonica'' (Sakai, 1963) * ''Sakaila wanawana ''Sa ...

'' Manning & Holthuis, 1981 *''

Somersiella ''Parhippolyte sterreri'' is a species of marine decapod crustacean in the family Barbouriidae, formerly placed in the genus ''Somersiella''. It is found in marine caves around the Bahamas, Cuba and Mexico and inland anchialine caves in Bermuda. ...

'' Hart & Manning, 1981 *'' Tetrasquilla'' Manning & Chace, 1990 *

Tetrasquillidae Tetrasquillidae is a family of mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ago. M ...

Manning & Camp, 1993 *'' Typhlatya iliffei'' Hart & Manning, 1981 *''

Typhlatya rogersi ''Typhlatya rogersi'' is a species of basket shrimp in the family Atyidae. It is found in South America and Africa. References Further reading * Atyidae Articles created by Qbugbot Crustaceans described in 1972 {{Caridea-stub ...

'' Chace & Manning, 1972

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Raymond B. American carcinologists 1934 births 2000 deaths People from Brooklyn University of Miami alumni 20th-century American zoologists Scientists from New York (state)