Raymond Carey Bush is a

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...

of African studies at the school of politics and international studies (POLIS) at the

University of Leeds The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was established in 1874 as the Yorkshire College of Science. In 1884, it merged with the Leeds School of Medicine (established 1831) and was renamed Y ...

. He is a member of the

Leeds University Centre for African Studies Leeds University Centre for African Studies (LUCAS) is an interdisciplinary centre at the University of Leeds that was established in 1964, and has members from a variety of faculties who share an interest in African Studies. The English, Geograph ...

(LUCAS) advisory board and deputy chair of the ''

Review of African Political Economy The ''Review of African Political Economy'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering African political economy. It was founded with the help of Lionel Cliffe and is published quarterly by Taylor & Francis since 1974. As of January 2024 the jou ...

'' (ROAPE). Bush is married to Dr. Mette Wiggen, a fellow academic at POLIS.

Biography

Bush earned his PhD on ''The colonial factor and social transformation on the Gold Coast to 1930'' at the University of Leeds in 1984. He has taught the postgraduate modules Political Economy of Resources and Development and Africa in the Contemporary World since he took over from Morris Szeftel in 2005, and is currently the program manager for the MA in Global Development and Africa. Szeftel and Bush have had a close academic relationship, working together on the editorial board of ROAPE as well as publishing several articles together. Between 2000 and 2003, Bush worked as a researcher for the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) on the Civil Society Strategies and Movements for Rural Asset Redistribution and Improved Livelihoods project, which examined the efforts of civil society groups to influence policy and institutional reform. In addition, he is a member of the Global Development and Justice research group at the University of Leeds. Bush has had visiting research appointments at the

Norwegian Nobel Institute The Norwegian Nobel Institute () is located in Oslo, Norway. The institute is located at Henrik Ibsen Street 51 in the center of the city. It is situated just by the side of the Royal Palace. History The institute was established in 1904 in Kr ...

, Oslo and the Social Science Research Centre,

American University in Cairo The American University in Cairo (AUC; ) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. ...

. His books include ''Poverty and Neoliberalism: Persistence and Reproduction in the Global South'' (2007) and ''Counter-Revolution in Egypt's Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'' (2002). He is an outspoken critic of

neoliberalism Neoliberalism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for free-market capitalism, which became dominant in policy-making from the late 20th century onward. The term has multiple, competing definitions, and is most often used pe ...

and the capitalist system, and has published extensively on the subject of their negative consequences for communities in developing countries, in particular the effect of

gold mining Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining. Historically, mining gold from Alluvium, alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface has led to mor ...

Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...

and the plight of the

Galamsey Galamsey refers to illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana. The term is derived from the English phrase "gather them and sell". Historically, galamsey referred to traditional small-scale mining practices in Ghana, where local communities wou ...

. Bush is the series editor of Pluto Press series ''The Third World in Global Politics.'' Bush has also written for ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...

'' with Yao Graham.The Guardian - Thursday 2 December 2010: Mining companies are not interested in Africa's development
/ref>

Publications

Books * Bush, RC and Ayeb, H (eds.) (2012) ''Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt'', Zed Books. * Bush, RC (2007) ''Poverty and neoliberalism: persistence and reproduction in the global south'',

Pluto Press Pluto Press is a British independent book publisher based in London, founded in 1969. Pluto Press states that it publishes "radical, left‐wing non‐fiction books", and is anti-capitalist and internationalist. It belongs to The Internat ...

. * Bush, RC (2002) ''Counter-revolution in Egypt's countryside: land and farmers in the era of economic reform'',

Zed Books Zed Books is a non-fiction publishing company based in London, UK. It was founded in 1977 under the name Zed Press by Roger van Zwanenberg. Zed publishes books for an international audience of both general and academic readers, covering areas ...

. * Bush, RC (1999) ''Economic Crisis and the Politics of Reform in Egypt'',

Westview Press Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975. Field of work Westview primarily publishes textbooks. History Westview Press was founded by Frederick A. Praeger in 1975. Praeger sold ...

. * Bush, RC, (with

Lionel Cliffe Lionel R Cliffe (1936 – 24 October 2013) was an English political economist and activist whose work focused on the struggle for land rights and freedom in Africa from the 1960s. He was Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds. Early lif ...

and Jenny Lindsay) (1994) ''The Transition to Independence in Namibia'', Lynne Reinner - Boulder. Journal Articles * Bush, R C (2014
"From Arab Spring to the Egyptian Winter?"
Leeds ''African Studies Bulletin'', 76, pp. 45–57. * Bush, R C (2009) "When 'Enough' is not Enough: Resistance during Accumulation by Dispossession". '' Cairo Papers in Social Science'', 29(2/3), pp. 85–99. * Bush, R (2008) "Scrambling to the Bottom? Mining, Resources and Underdevelopment". ''

'', 35(117), pp. 361–366. * Bush, R (2008
"Africa and globalisation"
''Leeds African Studies Bulletin'' 70, pp. 43–52. * Bush, RC; Keenan, J (2006) "North Africa: Power, Politics & Promise". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 108(33), pp. 175–184. * Szeftel, M; Bush, RC (2004) "Commentary: Bringing Imperialism Back In". ''Review of African Political Economy'', pp. 165–169. * Bush, RC (2004) "Commissioning Africa for Globalisation: Blair's project for the world's poor". '' Global Dialogue'', 6(3-4), pp. 14–15. * Bush, RC (2004) "Poverty and Neo-Liberal Bias in the Middle East and North Africa". '' Development and Change'', 35(4). * Bush, RC (2004) "Undermining Africa". ''

Historical Materialism Historical materialism is Karl Marx's theory of history. Marx located historical change in the rise of Class society, class societies and the way humans labor together to make their livelihoods. Karl Marx stated that Productive forces, techno ...

'', 12(4), pp. 173–201. * Bush, RC; Abrahamsen, R (2003) "War and the Forgotten Continent". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 30(96), pp. 181–186. * Bush, RC (2003) "Zimbabwe Out in the Cold?" (editorial). ''Review of African Political Economy'', 30(98), pp. 535–537. * Bush, RC; Szeftel, M (2002) "Sovereignty, Democracy & Zimbabwe’s Tragedy". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 91(29), pp. 5–12. * Bush, RC; Mohan, G (2001) "Africa’s Future: That Sinking Feeling". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 88(28), pp. 149–153. * Bush, RC (2001) "Misir’da siyasi otoritarizm ve tarim reformu (Political authoritarianism and agricultural reform in Egypt)". '' Toplum ve Bilim'', 88, pp. 105–121. * Bush, RC (2000) "An Agricultural Strategy without Farmers: Egypt's Countryside in the New Millennium". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 84, pp. 235–249. * Bush, RC; Szeftel, M (2000) "Commentary: The Struggle for Land". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 84, pp. 173–180. * Bush, RC (1996) "The Politics of Food and Starvation". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 68, pp. 169–195. * Bush, RC (1995) "Coping with Poverty and Adjustment in Egypt's Countryside". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 66, pp. 499–516. * Bush, RC (1994) "Crisis in Egypt: Structural Adjustment, Food Security and the Politics of USAID". ''

Capital & Class ''Capital & Class'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the fields of politics and economics, especially concerning Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical ...

'', 53, pp. 15–37. * Bush, RC (1) "Egypt’s Agricultural Crisis". ''

Journal of Peasant Studies ''The Journal of Peasant Studies'', subtitled ''Critical Perspectives on Rural Politics and Development'', is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research into the social structures, institutions, actors, and processes of change in ...

''. * Bush, RC (1) "Mining for fish". * Bush, RC; Keenan, J (1) Review of African Political Economy(Editorship). ''Review of African Political Economy'', 108(33). Chapters in Books * Bush, R C (2009) "The Land and the People". In: Rabab El-Mahdi&Philip Marfleet (eds.) '' Egypt:The Moment of Change'', London & New York: Zed Books, pp. 51–67. * Bush, R C (2009) "When 'Enough' is not Enough: Resistance during Accumulation by Dispossession". In: Nicholas S. Hopkins (eds.) Political and Social Protest in Egypt, Cairo:

American University in Cairo Press The American University in Cairo Press (AUCP, AUC Press) is the leading English-language publisher in the Middle East. The largest translator of Arabic literature in the world, AUC Press has a reputation for carefully selecting and translating t ...

, pp. 85–99. * Bush, RC (2007) "Mubarak’s legacy for Egypt’s rural poor: Returning land to the landlords". In: A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi, Saturnino M. Borras, Jr. and Cristóbal Kay (eds.) '' Land, poverty and livelihoods in the era of globalisation: perspectives from developing and transition countries'',

Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...

, pp. 254–283. * Bush, RC (2006) "Staying Hungry: Food Politics in Egypt and the Near East". In: Maha Abdelrahman, Iman A. Hamdy, Malak Rouchdy and Reem Saad (eds.) '' Cultural Dynamics in Contemporary Egypt'', The American University in Cairo Press, pp. 156–172. * Bush, RC (2005) "Crisis of Rural Livelihoods, Economic Reforms and Civil Society in Egypt". In: K B Ghimire (eds.) '' Civil Society and The Market Question: Dynamics of Rural Development and Popular Mobilization,

Palgrave Macmillan Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden. Its programme includes textbooks, journals, monographs, professional and reference works in print and online. It maintains offi ...

'', pp. 162–188. * Bush, RC (2004) "Agriculture and Economic Adjustment in Egypt". In: A Haroon Akram-Lodhi and R Chernomas (eds.) '' Economic Reform in the 21st Century: Neo-Conservative Failure, Governance and Alternative Budgets'',

Arbeiter Ring Publishing Arbeiter Ring Publishing, now known as ARP Books, is a worker-owned and operated independent book publisher and distributor that specializes in progressive, radical and anarchist literature (both fiction and non-fiction). Founded by Todd Scarth a ...

. * Bush, RC (2003) "Competing views on Policy and Farming in Egypt". In: Eberhard Kienle (ed.) " Politics from Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform", Saqi Books. * Bush, RC (2003) "Modernizing Agriculture or Underdeveloping the Countryside? Competing Views on Policy and Farming in Egypt". In: Eberhard Kienle (ed.) ''Politics From Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform,'' Saqi. * Bush, RC (2002) "Economic Adjustment and Agricultural Reform". In: Mustapha Kamel el Sayyid (ed.) '' Which way forward for Egyptian Agriculture?'', Center for the Study of Developing Countries, Cairo University, pp. 15–43. * Bush, RC (2002) "Land Reform and Counter Revolution". In: Ray Bush (ed.) '' Counter-Revolution in Egypt's Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'', Zed Books, pp. 3–31. * Bush, RC (2002) 'More Losers than Winners in Egypt’s Countryside: the Impact of Changes in Land Tenure'. In: Ray Bush (ed.) ''Counter-Revolution in Egypt’s Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'', Zed Books, pp. 185–210. * Bush, RC (1998) "Facing Structural Adjustment: Strategies of Peasants, the State, and the International Financial Institutions". In: Nicholas Hopkins and Kirsten Westergaard (eds.) '' Directions of Change in Rural Egypt'', The American University in Cairo Press, pp. 88–112. * Bush, RC (1) "Debating agricultural modernisation". In: Eberhard Keinle (ed.) '' Economic Liberalisation in the Middle East''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, Ray Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Development specialists Alumni of the University of Leeds Academics of the University of Leeds Labour Party (UK) people