Raymond Carey Bush is a

Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...

of African Studies at the

School of Politics and International Studies The School of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) is part of the faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Law (ESSL) at the University of Leeds. The head of school is currently Professor Duncan McCargo, who recently replaced Professor Cli ...

(POLIS) at the

University of Leeds , mottoeng = And knowledge will be increased , established = 1831 – Leeds School of Medicine1874 – Yorkshire College of Science1884 - Yorkshire College1887 – affiliated to the federal Victoria University1904 – University of Leeds , ...

. He is a member of the

Leeds University Centre for African Studies Leeds University Centre for African Studies (LUCAS) is an interdisciplinary centre at the University of Leeds that was established in 1964, and has members from a variety of faculties who share an interest in African Studies. The English, Geography ...

(LUCAS) advisory board and deputy chair of the

Review of African Political Economy The ''Review of African Political Economy'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering African political economy. It was founded with the help of Lionel Cliffe and is published quarterly by Taylor & Francis since 1974. It focuses in particular ...

(ROAPE). Bush is married to Dr. Mette Wiggen, a fellow academic at POLIS. Bush earned his PhD on ''The colonial factor and social transformation on the Gold Coast to 1930'' at the University of Leeds in 1984. He has taught the postgraduate modules Political Economy of Resources and Development and Africa in the Contemporary World since he took over from Morris Szeftel in 2005, and is currently the program manager for the MA in Global Development and Africa. Szeftel and Bush have had a close academic relationship, working together on the editorial board of ROAPE as well as publishing several articles together. Between 2000-2003, Bush worked as a researcher for the

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is "an autonomous research institute within the United Nations that undertakes multidisciplinary research and policy analysis on the social dimensions of contemporary develo ...

(UNRISD) on the Civil Society Strategies and Movements for Rural Asset Redistribution and Improved Livelihoods project, which examined the efforts of civil society groups to influence policy and institutional reform. In addition, he is a member of the Global Development and Justice research group at the University of Leeds. Bush has had visiting research appointments at the

Norwegian Nobel Institute The Norwegian Nobel Institute ( no, Det Norske Nobelinstitutt) is located in Oslo, Norway. The institute is located at Henrik Ibsen Street 51 in the center of the city. It is situated just by the side of the Royal Palace. History The institute ...

, Oslo and the Social Science Research Centre,

American University in Cairo The American University in Cairo (AUC; ar, الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, Al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs ...

. His books include ''Poverty and Neoliberalism: Persistence and Reproduction in the Global South'' (2007) and ''Counter-Revolution in Egypt's Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'' (2002). He is an outspoken critic of

neoliberalism Neoliberalism (also neo-liberalism) is a term used to signify the late 20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War. A prominent fa ...

and the capitalist system, and has published extensively on the subject of their negative consequences for communities in developing countries, in particular the effect of

gold mining Gold mining is the extraction of gold resources by mining. Historically, mining gold from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. However, with the expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface ...

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

and the plight of the

Galamsey Galamsey, derived from the phrase "gather them and sell", is a local Ghanaian parlance that means illegal small-scale, gold mining in Ghana. Such workers are known as galamseyers or ''orpailleurs'' in neighboring Francophone nations. Galamseyers a ...

. Bush is the series editor of Pluto Press series ''The Third World in Global Politics.'' Bush has also written for ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

'' with Yao Graham.The Guardian - Thursday 2 December 2010: Mining companies are not interested in Africa's development
/ref>

Publications

Books * Bush, RC and Ayeb, H (eds.) (2012) ''Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt'', Zed Books. * Bush, RC (2007) ''Poverty and neoliberalism: persistence and reproduction in the global south'',

Pluto Press Pluto Press is a British independent book publisher based in London, founded in 1969. Originally, it was the publishing arm of the International Socialists (today known as the Socialist Workers Party), until it changed hands and was replaced ...

. * Bush, RC (2002) ''Counter-revolution in Egypt's countryside: land and farmers in the era of economic reform'',

Zed Books Zed Books is an independent non-fiction publishing company based in London, UK. It was founded in 1977 under the name Zed Press by Roger van Zwanenberg. Zed publishes books for an international audience of both general and academic readers, co ...

. * Bush, RC (1999) ''Economic Crisis and the Politics of Reform in Egypt'',

Westview Press Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, Routledge, F1000 Research or Dovepress. It is a division of Informa plc, a United Ki ...

. * Bush, RC, (with

Lionel Cliffe Lionel R Cliffe (1936 – 24 October 2013) was an English political economist and activist whose work focused on the struggle for land rights and freedom in Africa from the 1960s. He was Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds. Early lif ...

and Jenny Lindsay) (1994) ''The Transition to Independence in Namibia'', Lynne Reinner - Boulder. Journal Articles * Bush, R C (2014
"From Arab Spring to the Egyptian Winter?"
Leeds ''African Studies Bulletin'', 76, pp. 45–57. * Bush, R C (2009) "When 'Enough' is not Enough: Resistance during Accumulation by Dispossession". '' Cairo Papers in Social Science'', 29(2/3), pp. 85–99. * Bush, R (2008) "Scrambling to the Bottom? Mining, Resources and Underdevelopment". ''

'', 35(117), pp. 361–366. * Bush, R (2008
"Africa and globalisation"
''Leeds African Studies Bulletin'' 70, pp. 43–52. * Bush, RC; Keenan, J (2006) "North Africa: Power, Politics & Promise". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 108(33), pp. 175–184. * Szeftel, M; Bush, RC (2004) "Commentary: Bringing Imperialism Back In". ''Review of African Political Economy'', pp. 165–169. * Bush, RC (2004) "Commissioning Africa for Globalisation: Blair's project for the world's poor". '' Global Dialogue'', 6(3-4), pp. 14–15. * Bush, RC (2004) "Poverty and Neo-Liberal Bias in the Middle East and North Africa". ''

Development and Change ''Development and Change'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Institute of Social Studies. The journal was established in 1970 and covers development studies and social change. Specific topic ...

'', 35(4). * Bush, RC (2004) "Undermining Africa". ''

Historical Materialism Historical materialism is the term used to describe Karl Marx's theory of history. Marx locates historical change in the rise of class societies and the way humans labor together to make their livelihoods. For Marx and his lifetime collaborat ...

'', 12(4), pp. 173–201. * Bush, RC; Abrahamsen, R (2003) "War and the Forgotten Continent". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 30(96), pp. 181–186. * Bush, RC (2003) "Zimbabwe Out in the Cold?" (editorial). ''Review of African Political Economy'', 30(98), pp. 535–537. * Bush, RC; Szeftel, M (2002) "Sovereignty, Democracy & Zimbabwe’s Tragedy". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 91(29), pp. 5–12. * Bush, RC; Mohan, G (2001) "Africa’s Future: That Sinking Feeling". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 88(28), pp. 149–153. * Bush, RC (2001) "Misir’da siyasi otoritarizm ve tarim reformu (Political authoritarianism and agricultural reform in Egypt)". '' Toplum ve Bilim'', 88, pp. 105–121. * Bush, RC (2000) "An Agricultural Strategy without Farmers: Egypt's Countryside in the New Millennium". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 84, pp. 235–249. * Bush, RC; Szeftel, M (2000) "Commentary: The Struggle for Land". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 84, pp. 173–180. * Bush, RC (1996) "The Politics of Food and Starvation". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 68, pp. 169–195. * Bush, RC (1995) "Coping with Poverty and Adjustment in Egypt's Countryside". ''Review of African Political Economy'', 66, pp. 499–516. * Bush, RC (1994) "Crisis in Egypt: Structural Adjustment, Food Security and the Politics of USAID". ''

Capital & Class ''Capital & Class'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the fields of politics and economics, especially concerning Marxism and critical theories like feminism, environmentalism, poststructuralism, along with other radical and ...

'', 53, pp. 15–37. * Bush, RC (1) "Egypt’s Agricultural Crisis". ''

Journal of Peasant Studies ''The Journal of Peasant Studies'', subtitled ''Critical Perspectives on Rural Politics and Development'', is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research into the social structures, institutions, actors, and processes of change in ...

''. * Bush, RC (1) "Mining for fish". * Bush, RC; Keenan, J (1) Review of African Political Economy(Editorship). ''Review of African Political Economy'', 108(33). Chapters in Books * Bush, R C (2009) "The Land and the People". In: Rabab El-Mahdi&Philip Marfleet (eds.) '' Egypt:The Moment of Change'', London & New York: Zed Books, pp. 51–67. * Bush, R C (2009) "When 'Enough' is not Enough: Resistance during Accumulation by Dispossession". In: Nicholas S. Hopkins (eds.) Political and Social Protest in Egypt, Cairo:

American University in Cairo Press The American University in Cairo Press (AUCP, AUC Press) is the leading English-language publisher in the Middle East. The largest translator of Arabic literature in the world, AUC Press has a reputation for carefully selecting and translating t ...

, pp. 85–99. * Bush, RC (2007) "Mubarak’s legacy for Egypt’s rural poor: Returning land to the landlords". In: A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi, Saturnino M. Borras, Jr. and Cristóbal Kay (eds.) '' Land, poverty and livelihoods in the era of globalisation: perspectives from developing and transition countries'',

Routledge Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and ...

, pp. 254–283. * Bush, RC (2006) "Staying Hungry: Food Politics in Egypt and the Near East". In: Maha Abdelrahman, Iman A. Hamdy, Malak Rouchdy and Reem Saad (eds.) '' Cultural Dynamics in Contemporary Egypt'', The American University in Cairo Press, pp. 156–172. * Bush, RC (2005) "Crisis of Rural Livelihoods, Economic Reforms and Civil Society in Egypt". In: K B Ghimire (eds.) '' Civil Society and The Market Question: Dynamics of Rural Development and Popular Mobilization,

Palgrave Macmillan Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden. Its programme includes textbooks, journals, monographs, professional and reference works in print and online. It maintains off ...

'', pp. 162–188. * Bush, RC (2004) "Agriculture and Economic Adjustment in Egypt". In: A Haroon Akram-Lodhi and R Chernomas (eds.) '' Economic Reform in the 21st Century: Neo-Conservative Failure, Governance and Alternative Budgets'',

Arbeiter Ring Publishing Arbeiter Ring Publishing, now known as ARP Books, is a worker-owned and operated independent book publisher and distributor that specializes in progressive, radical and anarchist literature (both fiction and non-fiction). Founded by Todd Scarth a ...

. * Bush, RC (2003) "Competing views on Policy and Farming in Egypt". In: Eberhard Kienle (ed.) " Politics from Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform", Saqi Books. * Bush, RC (2003) "Modernizing Agriculture or Underdeveloping the Countryside? Competing Views on Policy and Farming in Egypt". In: Eberhard Kienle (ed.) ''Politics From Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform,'' Saqi. * Bush, RC (2002) "Economic Adjustment and Agricultural Reform". In: Mustapha Kamel el Sayyid (ed.) '' Which way forward for Egyptian Agriculture?'', Center for the Study of Developing Countries, Cairo University, pp. 15–43. * Bush, RC (2002) "Land Reform and Counter Revolution". In: Ray Bush (ed.) '' Counter-Revolution in Egypt’s Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'', Zed Books, pp. 3–31. * Bush, RC (2002) 'More Losers than Winners in Egypt’s Countryside: the Impact of Changes in Land Tenure'. In: Ray Bush (ed.) ''Counter-Revolution in Egypt’s Countryside: Land and Farmers in the Era of Economic Reform'', Zed Books, pp. 185–210. * Bush, RC (1998) "Facing Structural Adjustment: Strategies of Peasants, the State, and the International Financial Institutions". In: Nicholas Hopkins and Kirsten Westergaard (eds.) '' Directions of Change in Rural Egypt'', The American University in Cairo Press, pp. 88–112. * Bush, RC (1) "Debating agricultural modernisation". In: Eberhard Keinle (ed.) '' Economic Liberalisation in the Middle East''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, Ray Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Development specialists Alumni of the University of Leeds Academics of the University of Leeds Labour Party (UK) people