Raul Proença (May 10, 1884 – May 20, 1941) was a Portuguese writer, journalist, and intellectual. Born in

Caldas da Rainha Caldas da Rainha () is a medium-sized Portugal, Portuguese city in the Oeste Subregion, Oeste region, in the historical province of Estremadura Province (1936–1976), Estremadura, and in the Leiria District, district of Leiria. The city serves a ...

, Proença obtained a degree in

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

and

financial Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and Academic discipline, discipline of money, currency, assets and Liability (financial accounting), liabilities. As a subject of study, is a field of Business administration, Business Admin ...

sciences from the Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Lisboa. He was a founder of the magazine ''Seara Nova''. In 1927, Proença was exiled in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

. Proença returned to Portugal in 1932. He was hospitalized for mental illness, but died of

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella enterica'' serotype Typhi bacteria, also called ''Salmonella'' Typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often th ...

Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...

. Proença was a supporter of Lamarckian evolution. He argued that

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biologi ...

was the true founder of evolution.Pereira, Ana Leonor. (2010). ''The Reception of Darwin in Portugal (1865-1914)''. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia. T. 66, Fasc. 3, Evolução, Ética e Cultura / Evolution, Ethics and Culture. pp. 643-660.

Biography

Graduated in Economic and Financial Sciences from the Industrial and Commercial Institute of Lisbon, with multifaceted thinking, he defined himself philosophically as an idealist and realist, defender of democratic socialism within a parliamentary regime. Raul Proença was exiled in Paris, France, in 1927 after Portugal went through a Revolution that installed a military dictatorship. He defended his ideas and fought against Sidonism and the military dictatorship in 1926.In "History and Analysis of a Crime"'', he defends democracy against men like

Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 194 ...

who destroyed it in his country.

References

External links

Raul Proença
— profile from Centro Virtual Camões
Ecsola Secundária Raul Proença
— secondary school in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal * 1884 births 1941 deaths Deaths from typhoid fever Infectious disease deaths in Portugal Lamarckism Portuguese male journalists Portuguese male writers 20th-century Portuguese journalists People from Caldas da Rainha {{Portugal-writer-stub