Rattini is a very large, diverse

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

of muroid

rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are roden ...

s in the subfamily

Murinae The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families ex ...

. They are found throughout

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

and

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecolo ...

, with a few species ranging into

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

and northern

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. The most well-known members of this group are the true rats (genus ''

Rattus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'' ...

''), several species of which have been introduced worldwide.

Taxonomy

They are thought to be the second-most

basal Basal or basilar is a term meaning ''base'', ''bottom'', or ''minimum''. Science * Basal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features associated with the base of an organism or structure * Basal (medicine), a minimal level that is nec ...

member of the

despite their high modern diversity, with only the

Phloeomyini The cloud rats or cloudrunners are a tribe (Phloeomyini) of arboreal and nocturnal herbivorous rodents endemic to the cloud forests of the Philippines. They belong to the family Muridae and include five genera: ''Batomys'' (hairy-tailed rats), ...

being more basal than them. The genus '' Micromys'' was previously classified in a

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

division also containing ''

Hapalomys ''Hapalomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It is the only member of the tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldw ...

'', ''

Chiropodomys ''Chiropodomys'' (or pencil-tailed tree mice) is a genus of Old World rats and mice native to Southeast Asia and northeast India. They are tree-dwelling, very small mice, mostly found in tropical rainforest. In total six extant species have bee ...

'', and '' Vandeleuria'', but phylogenetic evidence supports it forming a

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

to the rest of the Rattini. It has been debated over whether it represents its own tribe (Micromyini) or a basal member of the Rattini, but the

American Society of Mammalogists The American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) was founded in 1919. Its primary purpose is to encourage the study of mammals, and professions studying them. There are over 4,500 members of this society, and they are primarily professional scientists ...

classifies it within the Rattini based on a 2019 study.

Distribution

They are mostly found throughout

, primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with a few genera such as ''

'', '' Micromys'' (if considered a part of Rattini) and '' Nesokia'' ranging north to temperate regions or west to arid regions. In addition, many species in the genus ''Rattus'' are found throughout

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

and Australia, making them the only native rodents to the region outside of the

Hydromyini Hydromyini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are the dominant native rodents in Australasia and one of only two native rodent groups there, the other being the ''R. fuscipes'' group of the genus ''Ra ...

. Only one species ('' Micromys minutus'', if included) ranges throughout Europe, and another ('' Nesokia indica'') ranges into northern

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

. Several ''Rattus'' species have also been introduced worldwide, and in some cases have become invasive species that have led to the extinction of many animals and plants. Within Asia, the Rattini reach their highest diversity in the tropics of

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

, especially in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

and the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

n island of Sulawesi.

Species

Species in the tribe include: * '' Berylmys'' division **Genus '' Berylmys'' - white-toothed rats ***

Small white-toothed rat The small white-toothed rat (''Berylmys berdmorei'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic ...

, ''Berylmys berdmorei'' ***

Bower's white-toothed rat Bower's white-toothed rat (''Berylmys bowersi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae native to southeast Asia. Distribution and habitat The species is found in China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam ...

, ''Berylmys bowersi'' ***

Kenneth's white-toothed rat Kenneth's white-toothed rat (''Berylmys mackenziei'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, ...

, ''Berylmys mackenziei'' *** Manipur white-toothed rat, ''Berylmys manipulus'' *'' Bunomys'' division **Genus ''

Bullimus ''Bullimus'' is a genus of rodent from the Philippines, as first catalogued by Mearns, in 1905. Species Genus ''Bullimus'' * Bagobo rat, ''Bullimus bagobus'', Mindanao * Carleton's forest rat, ''Bullimus carletoni'', Luzon - Described in 2021. * ...

'' ***

Bagobo rat The Bagobo rat (''Bullimus bagobus'') is one of three species of rodent in the genus '' Bullimus'', and in the diverse family Muridae. It is found in the Visayas and Mindanao, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), off ...

, ''Bullimus bagobus'' ***

Camiguin forest rat Camiguin forest rat, or Camiguin bullimus (''Bullimus gamay'') is one of three species of rodents Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing i ...

, ''Bullimus gamay'' ***

Large Luzon forest rat The Large Luzon Forest Rat, or Luzon Forest Rat (''Bullimus luzonicus'') is a species of rodent, the first of three to be described in the genus Bullimus. It is in the diverse family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines. The rat has been ...

, ''Bullimus luzonicus'' ** Genus '' Bunomys'' *** Andrew's hill rat, ''Bunomys andrewsi'' *** Yellow-haired hill rat, ''Bunomys chrysocomus'' *** Heavenly hill rat, ''Bunomys coelestis'' *** Fraternal hill rat, ''Bunomys fratrorum'' *** Karoko hill rat, ''Bunomys karokophilus'' ***

Inland hill rat The inland hill rat (''Bunomys penitus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in central and southern Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Ocean ...

, ''Bunomys penitus'' *** Long-headed hill rat, ''Bunomys prolatus'' *** Tana Toraja hill rat, ''Bunomys torajae'' **Genus '' Eropeplus'' (Sulawesian soft-furred rat) *** Sulawesi soft-furred rat, ''Eropeplus canus'' **Genus ''

Halmaheramys ''Halmaheramys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to the Moluccas, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists ...

'' ***

Spiny Boki Mekot rat ''Halmaheramys bokimekot'', the spiny Boki Mekot rat, is a rodent found on the island of Halmahera in the Molucca archipelago, whose discovery was announced in 2013. This is the only locality where this particular species has been found. ''H. boki ...

, ''Halmaheramys bokimekot'' ***

Wallace's large spiny rat The Wallace's large spiny rat (''Halmaheramys wallacei'') is a rodent found on the Obi Islands of Bisa and Obi in the Molucca The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesi ...

, ''Halmaheramys wallacei'' **Genus '' Komodomys'' ***

Komodo rat The Komodo rat or Nusa Tenggara Komodomys, (''Komodomys rintjanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in Rintja, Padar, Lomblen, and Pantar islands. Its natural habitat is subtropic ...

, ''Komodomys rintjanus'' **Genus ''

Lenomys ''Lenomys'' is a genus of rodent endemic to Sulawesi. It contains the living trefoil-toothed giant rat ''(Lenomys meyeri)'' and the extinct ''Lenomys grovesi ''Lenomys grovesi'' is an extinct species of rodent that lived on Sulawesi, Indon ...

'' (trefoil-toothed rat) *** Trefoil-toothed giant rat, ''Lenomys meyeri'' **Genus '' Papagomys'' - Flores giant rats *** Flores giant rat, ''Papagomys armandvillei'' *** Verhoeven's giant tree rat, ''Papagomys theodorverhoeveni''

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

** Genus '' Paruromys'' (Sulawesian giant rat) ***

Sulawesi giant rat The Sulawesi giant rat (''Paruromys dominator'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is monotypic in the genus ''Paruromys''. The species is endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia, where it inhabits forests at elevations from sea level ...

, ''Paruromys dominator'' ** Genus ''

Paulamys The Flores long-nosed rat (''Paulamys naso''), also known as Paula's long-nosed rat, is a species of rodent endemic to Flores Island, Indonesia. This species was first described from subfossil fragments collected in the 1950s by Theodor Verho ...

'' ***

Flores long-nosed rat The Flores long-nosed rat (''Paulamys naso''), also known as Paula's long-nosed rat, is a species of rodent endemic to Flores Island, Indonesia. This species was first described from subfossil fragments collected in the 1950s by Theodor Ver ...

, ''Paulamys naso'' **Undescribed genus *** Timor rat, "''Rattus timorensis''" **Genus '' Sundamys'' - giant Sunda rats *** Annandale's rat, ''Sundamys annandalei'' *** Mountain giant Sunda rat, ''Sundamys infraluteus'' ***

Bartels's rat Bartels's rat (''Sundamys maxi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils ...

, ''Sundamys maxi'' *** Müller's giant Sunda rat, ''Sundamys muelleri'' ** Genus '' Taeromys'' *** Salokko rat, ''Taeromys arcuatus'' ***

Lovely-haired rat The lovely-haired rat (''Taeromys callitrichus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between th ...

, ''Taeromys callitrichus'' *** Celebes rat, ''Taeromys celebensis'' ***

Sulawesi montane rat The Sulawesi montane rat (''Taeromys hamatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in central Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania be ...

, ''Taeromys hamatus'' *** Small-eared rat, ''Taeromys microbullatus'' ***

Sulawesi forest rat The Sulawesi forest rat (''Taeromys punicans'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is known only from Pinedapa, Poso Pesisir, Poso Regency Poso Regency is a Regencies of Indonesia, ...

, ''Taeromys punicans'' *** Tondano rat, ''Taeromys taerae'' *''

Dacnomys Millard's rat (''Dacnomys millardi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Dacnomys''. It is found in China, India, Laos, and Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Demo ...

'' division ** Genus ''

Chiromyscus Fea's tree rat or Indochinese chiromyscus (''Chiromyscus chiropus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Yunnan (China), eastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam ...

'' (Fea's tree rat) *** Fea's tree rat, ''Chiromyscus chiropus'' ** Genus ''

'' (Large-toothed giant rat) ***

Millard's rat Millard's rat (''Dacnomys millardi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Dacnomys''. It is found in China, India, Laos, and Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Demo ...

, ''Dacnomys millardi'' ** Genus '' Lenothrix'' (Grey Tree Rat) *** Gray tree rat, ''Lenothrix canus'' ** Genus ''

Leopoldamys ''Leopoldamys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species: * Sundaic mountain long-tailed giant rat (''Leopoldamys ciliatus'') * '' Leopoldamys diwangkarai'' * Edwards's long-tailed ...

'' - long-tailed giant rats *** Sundaic mountain leopoldamys or Sundaic Mountain long-tailed giant rat, ''Leopoldamys ciliatus'' ***

Edwards's long-tailed giant rat Edwards's long-tailed giant rat (''Leopoldamys edwardsi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in China, India, Indonesia, Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທ ...

, ''Leopoldamys edwardsi'' *** Millet's long-tailed giant rat, ''Leopoldamys milleti'' *** Neill's long-tailed giant rat, ''Leopoldamys neilli'' *** Long-tailed giant rat, ''Leopoldamys sabanus'' *** Mentawai long-tailed giant rat, ''Leopoldamys siporanus'' ** Genus '' Margaretamys'' - margareta rats ***

Beccari's margareta rat Beccari's margareta rat (''Margaretamys beccarii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Ocea ...

, ''Margaretamys beccarii'' ***

Christine's margareta rat Christine's margareta rat (''Margaretamys christinae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia on the island of Sulawesi, in a mountainous part of the southeastern peninsula. It was first discovered by an expe ...

, ''Margaretamys christinae'' *** Elegant margareta rat, ''Margaretamys elegans'' ***

Little margareta rat The little margareta rat (''Margaretamys parvus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Ocea ...

, ''Margaretamys parvus'' ** Genus '' Niviventer'' - white-bellied rats ***

Anderson's white-bellied rat Anderson's white-bellied rat (''Niviventer andersoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to China and known from Yunnan, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces. Its range might extend to northern Guizhou. It inhabits montane f ...

, ''Niviventer andersoni'' ***

Brahma white-bellied rat The Brahma white-bellied rat (''Niviventer brahma'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in northeastern India, northern Myanmar, and southwestern China (Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest ...

, ''Niviventer brahma'' ***

Cameron Highlands white-bellied rat The Cameron Highlands white-bellied rat (''Niviventer cameroni''), also known as the Cameron Highlands niviventer, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It has only been found in the mountain forests of the Cameron Highlands The Camer ...

, ''Niviventer cameroni'' *** Chinese white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer confucianus'' ***

Coxing's white-bellied rat Coxing's white-bellied rat or spiny Taiwan niviventer (''Niviventer coninga'') is a rodent in the family Muridae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1864. It is endemic to Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China ...

, ''Niviventer coninga'' ***

Dark-tailed tree rat The dark-tailed tree rat or Sundaic arboreal niviventer (''Niviventer cremoriventer'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found on the Malay Peninsula (Thailand, Malaysia), including some offshore islands (Myanmar: Mergui Archipe ...

, ''Niviventer cremoriventer'' ***

Oldfield white-bellied rat The Oldfield white-bellied rat or soft-furred Taiwan niviventer (''Niviventer culturatus'') is a species of phat rat in the family Muridae. It is found only in Taiwan. It has also been considered a subspecies of '' Niviventer niviventer'' and ...

, ''Niviventer culturatus'' ***

Smoke-bellied rat The smoke-bellied rat (''Niviventer eha'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of N ...

, ''Niviventer eha'' ***

Large white-bellied rat The large white-bellied rat (''Niviventer excelsior''), also known as the Sichuan niviventer, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in southwestern China. It occurs in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve of Sichuan, south ...

, ''Niviventer excelsior'' ***

Montane Sumatran white-bellied rat The montane Sumatran white-bellied rat (''Niviventer fraternus''), also known as the Montane Sumatran niviventer, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in the montane forests along the mountains of western Sumatra Sumat ...

, ''Niviventer fraternus'' *** Chestnut white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer fulvescens'' ***

Limestone rat The limestone rat (''Niviventer hinpoon'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the limestone karsts of Saraburi, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan provinces, central Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () a ...

, ''Niviventer hinpoon'' *** Lang Bian white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer langbianis'' *** Narrow-tailed white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer lepturus'' ***

Hainan white-bellied rat Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...

, ''Niviventer lotipes'' (formerly in ''N. tenaster'') *** White-bellied rat, ''Niviventer niviventer'' *** Long-tailed mountain rat, ''Niviventer rapit'' ***

Tenasserim white-bellied rat The Tenasserim white-bellied rat (''Niviventer tenaster'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is named after the Tenasserim Hills and is found above 1,000 m in forested limestone mountainous areas. Its distribution includes India, M ...

, ''Niviventer tenaster'' ** Genus ''

Saxatilomys ''Saxatilomys paulinae'' is a species of murid rodent native to central Laos and Vietnam, separated to a monotypic genus ''Saxatilomys''. It was first discovered in the Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Khammouan Pr ...

'' *** Paulina’s limestone rat, ''Saxatilomys paulinae'' ** Genus ''

Tonkinomys Daovantien’s limestone rat (''Tonkinomys daovantieni'') is a genus of Muridae rodent native to northeastern Vietnam. It was first discovered in a forested talus habitat in the Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province. It is the only known ...

'' *** Daovantien’s limestone rat, ''Tonkinomys daovantieni'' * '' Echiothrix'' division ** Genus '' Echiothrix'' ***

Central Sulawesi echiothrix The central Sulawesi echiothrix (''Echiothrix centrosa'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.Northern Sulawesi echiothrix, ''Echiothrix leucura'' **Genus '' Gracilimus'' *** Sulawesi root rat, ''Gracilimus radix'' **Genus '' Hyorhinomys'' *** Hog-nosed shrew rat, ''Hyorhinomys stuempkei'' ** Genus ''

Melasmothrix The Sulawesian shrew rat (''Melasmothrix naso'') is a species of rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upp ...

'' (Lesser Sulawesian Shrew Rat) ***

Sulawesian shrew rat The Sulawesian shrew rat (''Melasmothrix naso'') is a species of rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upp ...

, ''Melasmothrix naso'' ** Genus '' Paucidentomys'' *** Edented Sulawesi rat, ''Paucidentomys vermidax'' ** Genus '' Sommeromys'' ***

Sommer's Sulawesi rat Sommer's Sulawesi rat (''Sommeromys macrorhinos'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae from Sulawesi. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Sommeromys'' and was described by Musser & Durden in 2002. Distribution ''S. macrorhi ...

, ''Sommeromys macrorhinos'' ** Genus '' Tateomys'' - greater Sulawesian shrew rats *** Long-tailed shrew rat, ''Tateomys macrocercus'' *** Tate's shrew rat, ''Tateomys rhinogradoides'' ** Genus ''

Waiomys ''Waiomys'' is a genus of rodents from the family Muridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. The genus is monotypic, consisting of the species ''Waiomys mamasae'' (Sulawesi water rat). It is known only from Mount Gandangdewata, Mamasa Regency ...

'' *** Sulawesi water rat, ''Waiomys mamasae'' *'' Maxomys'' division ** Genus '' Crunomys'' - Philippine and Sulawesian shrew rats ***

Celebes shrew-rat The Celebes shrew-rat (''Crunomys celebensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat de ...

, ''Crunomys celebensis'' ***

Northern Luzon shrew-rat The Northern Luzon shrew-rat (''Crunomys fallax'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destru ...

, ''Crunomys fallax'' ***

Mindanao shrew-rat The Mindanao shrew-rat (''Crunomys melanius'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng ...

, ''Crunomys melanius'' *** Katanglad shrew-mouse, ''Crunomys suncoides'' ** Genus '' Maxomys'' (rajah rats) ***

Mountain spiny rat The mountain spiny rat (''Maxomys alticola'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and ...

, ''Maxomys alticola'' *** '' Maxomys baeodon'' ***

Bartels's spiny rat Bartels's spiny rat (''Maxomys bartelsii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pa ...

, ''Maxomys bartelsii'' *** Dollman's spiny rat, ''Maxomys dollmani'' *** Hellwald's spiny rat, ''Maxomys hellwaldii'' ***

Sumatran spiny rat The Sumatran spiny rat (''Maxomys hylomyoides'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian a ...

, ''Maxomys hylomyoides'' *** Malayan mountain spiny rat, ''Maxomys inas'' ***

Fat-nosed spiny rat The fat-nosed spiny rat (''Maxomys inflatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and ...

, ''Maxomys inflatus'' ***

Mo's spiny rat Mo's spiny rat (''Maxomys moi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄ� ...

, ''Maxomys moi'' *** Musschenbroek's spiny rat, ''Maxomys musschenbroekii'' ***

Chestnut-bellied spiny rat The chestnut-bellied spiny rat (''Maxomys ochraceiventer'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species ...

, ''Maxomys ochraceiventer'' ***

Pagai spiny rat The Pagai spiny rat (''Maxomys pagensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia, on South Pagai, North Pagai, Sipora, and Siberut Siberut is the largest and northernmost of the Ment ...

, ''Maxomys pagensis'' ***

Palawan spiny rat The Palawan spiny rat (''Maxomys panglima'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng ...

, ''Maxomys panglima'' *** Rajah spiny rat, ''Maxomys rajah'' *** Red spiny rat, ''Maxomys surifer'' ***

Watts's spiny rat Watts's spiny rat (''Maxomys wattsi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and ...

, ''Maxomys wattsi'' *** Whitehead's spiny rat, ''Maxomys whiteheadi'' * '' Micromys'' division (alternately considered a distinct tribe, Micromyini) ** Genus '' Micromys'' ***

Indochinese harvest mouse The Indochinese harvest mouse (''Micromys erythrotis'') is a species of rodent in the genus ''Micromys ''Micromys'' is a genus of small rodents in the subfamily Murinae. The genus contains two living species: the widespread Eurasian harvest mo ...

, ''Micromys erythrotis'' ***

Eurasian harvest mouse The harvest mouse (''Micromys minutus'') is a small rodent native to Europe and Asia. It is typically found in fields of cereal crops, such as wheat and oats, in reed beds and in other tall ground vegetation, such as long grass and hedgerows. It ...

, ''Micromys minutus'' * ''

'' division ** Genus '' Abditomys'' *** Luzon broad-toothed rat, ''Abditomys latidens'' ** Genus '' Baletemys'' *** Kampalili shrew-mouse, ''Baletemys kampalili'' ** Genus '' Bandicota'' - bandicoot rats ***

Lesser bandicoot rat The lesser bandicoot rat, Sindhi rice rat, bengal rat or Indian mole-rat (''Bandicota bengalensis'') is a giant rat of Southern Asia, not related to the true bandicoots which are marsupials. They can be up to 40 cm long (including the tail) ...

, ''Bandicota bengalensis'' ***

Greater bandicoot rat The greater bandicoot rat or Indian bandicoot rat (''Bandicota indica'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam akistan I ...

, ''Bandicota indica'' ***

Savile's bandicoot rat Savile's bandicoot rat (''Bandicota savilei'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a co ...

, ''Bandicota savilei'' ** Genus ''

Diplothrix ''Diplothrix'' is a genus of two species of rodents in the family Muridae. '' Diplothrix legata'' occurs in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. '' Diplothrix yangziensis'' is known only from fossils collected in eastern China, dating to the Early Pleist ...

'' ***

Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat The Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat or Ryukyu rat (''Diplothrix legata'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only extant species in the genus '' Diplothrix''. It is found only in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan Japan ( ja ...

, ''Diplothrix legatus'' ** Genus '' Kadarsanomys'' *** Sody's tree rat, ''Kadarsanomys sodyi'' ** Genus '' Limnomys'' *** Gray-bellied mountain rat, ''Limnomys bryophilus'' *** Mindanao mountain rat, ''Limnomys sibuanus'' ** Genus '' Nesokia'' (Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat) *** Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat, ''Nesokia bunnii'' *** Short-tailed bandicoot rat, ''Nesokia indica'' ** Genus '' Nesoromys'' *** Ceram rat, ''Nesoromys ceramicus'' ** Genus ''

Palawanomys The Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (''Palawanomys furvus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Palawanomys''. It is found only in Palawan, Philippines, and has been recorded on Mount Mantaling ...

'' (Palawan rat) *** Palawan soft-furred mountain rat, ''Palawanomys furvus'' ** Genus ''

'' - typical rats *** ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' **** Enggano rat, ''Rattus enganus'' **** Philippine forest rat, ''Rattus everetti'' ****

Polynesian rat The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), known to the Māori as ''kiore'', is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. The Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, ...

, ''Rattus exulans'' **** Hainald's rat, ''Rattus hainaldi'' **** Hoogerwerf's rat, ''Rattus hoogerwerfi'' **** Korinch's rat, ''Rattus korinchi'' **** † Maclear's rat, ''Rattus macleari'' **** Nillu rat, ''Rattus montanus'' **** Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat, ''Rattus morotaiensis'' **** † Bulldog rat, ''Rattus nativitatis'' ****

Kerala rat The Kerala rat or Ranjini’s field rat, (''Rattus ranjiniae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in Kerala, India. In Kerala, it is known only from fragmented locations in Alappuzha, Thrissur, and Thiruvananthapuram. Its na ...

, ''Rattus ranjiniae'' **** New Ireland forest rat, ''Rattus sanila'' ****

Andaman rat The Andaman rat (''Rattus stoicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the Andaman Islands, where it has been recorded on Henry Lawrence Island, South Andaman, and Middle Andaman Middle Andaman Island is an isl ...

, ''Rattus stoicus'' *** ''R. norvegicus'' group **** Himalayan field rat, ''Rattus nitidus'' ****

Brown rat The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat and Parisian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or ...

or Norway rat, ''Rattus norvegicus'' ****

Turkestan rat The Turkestan rat (''Rattus pyctoris'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and g ...

, ''Rattus pyctoris'' *** ''R. rattus'' group **** Sunburned rat, ''Rattus adustus'' **** Sikkim rat, ''Rattus andamanensis'' ****

Ricefield rat The ricefield rat (''Rattus argentiventer'') is a species of rat found throughout Southeast Asia. Description The ricefield rat is a medium-sized rat with a grizzled yellow-brown and black pelage. Its belly is gray in the midline with whiter ...

, ''Rattus argentiventer'' ****

Summit rat The summit rat (''Rattus baluensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tambuyukon, Malaysia, and has been recorded at altitudes of 2,040 to 2,477 m on Mt. Tambuyukon and 2,670 to 3,426 m o ...

, ''Rattus baluensis'' ****

Aceh rat The Aceh rat (''Rattus blangorum'') is a species of rodent from the family Muridae. The Aceh rat is listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List because only two specimens have ever been recorded, and little is known about the species. The spe ...

, ''Rattus blangorum'' ****

Nonsense rat The nonsense rat, Nicobar Archipelago rat, or Miller's Nicobar rat (''Rattus burrus'') is endemic to the Nicobar Islands in India. It lives on Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar, and Trinket islands. On Car Nicobar Island, ''Rattus palmarum'' and ''Ra ...

, ''Rattus burrus'' ****

Hoffmann's rat Hoffmann's rat (''Rattus hoffmanni'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Indonesia, and is located throughout Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater ...

, ''Rattus hoffmanni'' ****

Koopman's rat Koopman's rat (''Rattus koopmani'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on Peleng island, located in the Banggai Islands (''Kepulauan Banggai'') off the southeastern coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, offic ...

, ''Rattus koopmani'' **** Lesser ricefield rat, ''Rattus losea'' **** Mentawai rat, ''Rattus lugens'' ****

Mindoro black rat The Mindoro black rat (''Rattus mindorensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in hilly and forested areas of Mindoro island, the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Re ...

, ''Rattus mindorensis'' ****

Little soft-furred rat The little soft-furred rat (''Rattus mollicomulus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on the upper slopes of Mount Lampobattang in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It gets its name from its soft, silky f ...

, ''Rattus mollicomulus'' ****

Osgood's rat Osgood's rat (''Rattus osgoodi'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils ...

, ''Rattus osgoodi'' ****

Palm rat The palm rat (''Rattus palmarum'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in the Nicobar Islands, on Car Nicobar and Great Nicobar islands. The palm rat's natural habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the ...

, ''Rattus palmarum'' **** Black rat, ''Rattus rattus'' **** Little Indochinese field rat, ''Rattus sakeratensis'' **** Sahyadris forest rat, ''Rattus satarae'' **** Simalur rat, ''Rattus simalurensis'' **** Tanezumi rat, ''Rattus tanezumi'' ****

Tawitawi forest rat The Tawitawi forest rat or Tawitawi Island rat (''Rattus tawitawiensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of ...

, ''Rattus tawitawiensis'' ****

Malayan field rat The Malayan field rat, Malaysian field rat or Malaysian wood rat, (''Rattus tiomanicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is nocturnal and mainly arboreal and is found in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It ...

, ''Rattus tiomanicus'' *** ''R. xanthurus'' group **** Bonthain rat, ''Rattus bontanus''; obs. ''Rattus foramineus'' **** Lore Lindu xanthurus rat, ''Rattus facetus'' **** Opossum rat, ''Rattus marmosurus'' **** Peleng rat, ''Rattus pelurus'' **** Southeastern xanthurus rat, ''Rattus salocco'' **** Yellow-tailed rat, ''Rattus xanthurus'' *** ''R. leucopus'' group (New Guinean group) ****

Vogelkop mountain rat The Vogelkop mountain rat, ''Rattus arfakiensis'', is a species of rat native to Indonesia. It is found only in the Bird's Head Peninsula (possibly throughout the Arfak Mountains) of Papua Province Papua is a province of Indonesia, compri ...

, ''Rattus arfakiensis'' **** Western New Guinea mountain rat, ''Rattus arrogans'' **** Manus Island spiny rat, ''Rattus detentus'' **** Sula rat, ''Rattus elaphinus'' **** Spiny Ceram rat, ''Rattus feliceus'' ****

Giluwe rat The Giluwe rat (''Rattus giluwensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea, on Mount Giluwe and the subalpine grasslands of the Kaijende Highlands The Kaijende Highlands are a nearly uninhabited exp ...

, ''Rattus giluwensis'' ****

Japen rat The Japen rat (''Rattus jobiensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and ger ...

, ''Rattus jobiensis'' **** Cape York rat, ''Rattus leucopus'' **** Eastern rat, ''Rattus mordax'' **** Gag Island rat, ''Rattus nikenii'' ****

Moss-forest rat The moss-forest rat (''Rattus niobe'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Names It is known as katgn in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; ...

, ''Rattus niobe'' ****

New Guinean rat The New Guinean rat (''Rattus novaeguineae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats ...

, ''Rattus novaeguineae'' **** Arianus's rat, ''Rattus omichlodes'' **** Pocock’s highland rat, ''Rattus pococki'' ****

Large New Guinea spiny rat The large New Guinea spiny rat (''Rattus praetor'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands a ...

, ''Rattus praetor'' **** Glacier rat, ''Rattus richardsoni'' ****

Stein's rat Stein's rat (''Rattus steini''), also known as the small spiny rat, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; h ...

, ''Rattus steini'' ****

Van Deusen's rat Van Deusen's rat (''Rattus vandeuseni'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the mountains of southeast Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), offici ...

, ''Rattus vandeuseni'' **** Slender rat, ''Rattus verecundus'' *** ''R. fuscipes'' group (Australian group) **** Dusky rat, ''Rattus colletti'' **** Bush rat, ''Rattus fuscipes'' **** Australian swamp rat, ''Rattus lutreolus'' ****

Dusky field rat The dusky field rat (''Rattus sordidus''), also known as the canefield rat, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. In Australia it is found in northern Queensland and along the eas ...

, ''Rattus sordidus'' **** Pale field rat, ''Rattus tunneyi'' ****

Long-haired rat The long-haired rat (''Rattus villosissimus''), is a species of rodent in the family Muridae which is native to Australia. The long-haired rat is well known for its population eruptions over vast areas of Australia which is the basis of its alte ...

, ''Rattus villosissimus'' ** Genus '' Tarsomys'' *** Long-footed rat, ''Tarsomys apoensis'' *** Spiny long-footed rat, ''Tarsomys echinatus'' ** Genus '' Tryphomys'' (Mearn's Luzon Rat) *** Luzon short-nosed rat, ''Tryphomys adustus'' *''

Srilankamys The Ohiya rat (''Srilankamys ohiensis''), or Sri Lanka bi-colored rat, is a species of rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing inciso ...

'' division **Genus ''

'' (Ceylonese rats) ***

Ohiya rat The Ohiya rat (''Srilankamys ohiensis''), or Sri Lanka bi-colored rat, is a species of rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing inciso ...

, ''Srilankamys ohiensis'' *Unknown division **Genus '' Anonymomys'' (Mindoro rat) ***

Mindoro climbing rat The Mindoro climbing rat or Mindoro rat (''Anonymomys mindorensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.Musser, Guy G. "Notes on systematics of Indo-Malayan murid rodents, and descriptions of new genera and species from Ceylon, Sulawesi ...

, ''Anonymomys mindorensis''

References

{{Taxonbar, from= Q18706623 Old World rats and mice Mammal tribes Taxa named by Gilbert Thomas Burnett