Ratnangi (pronounced ratnāngi, meaning ''the one with a gem-like body'') is a

rāga A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, fro ...

m in

Carnatic music Carnatic music (known as or in the Dravidian languages) is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and southern Odisha. It is o ...

(musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 2nd ''

melakarta Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales ( ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). ''Mēḷakartā'' ragas are parent ragas (hence known as ''janaka'' ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A ''melaka ...

'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Phenadhyuti in

Muthuswami Dikshitar Muthuswami Dikshitar (Mudduswamy Dikshitar) (, 24 March 1776 – 21 October 1835), mononymously Dikshitar, was a South Indian poet, singer, veena player, and a prolific composer of Indian classical music. He was the youngest member of what is re ...

school of Carnatic music.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 1st ''chakra Indu''. The mnemonic name is ''Indu-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri ga ma pa dha ni''. Its ' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms): * : * : The scale uses the notes ''shuddha rishabham, shuddha gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham''. As it is a ''melakarta'' rāgam, by definition it is a ''sampoorna'' rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of '' Jalārnavam'', which is the 38th ''melakarta'' scale.

Asampurna Melakarta

Phenadhyuti is the 2nd ''Melakarta'' in the original list compiled by

Venkatamakhin Venkatamakhin (; ) or Venkatamakhi, was an Indian poet, musician, and musicologist of Carnatic music. He is renowned for his ''Chaturdandiprakashika'' in which he explicates the Melakarta (asampurna scheme), melakarta system of classifying rag ...

. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale is different. * : * :

''Janya'' rāgams

''Ratnangi'' has a few minor ''

janya ''Janya'' is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a ''janya raga'' is one derived from one of the 72 '' melakarta'' ragas (fundamental melodic structures). ''Janya'' ragas are classified into various types based on a vari ...

'' rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which ''

Revati Revati () is a goddess featured in Hindu scriptures. She is King Kakudmi's daughter and Krishna's elder brother Balarama's consort, and also one of the Dashavatara. However, some think that Balarama is an avatar of Vishnu's vahana, Sheshanaga. ...

'' is very popular. See List of ''janya'' rāgams for full list of scales associated with ''Ratnangi''.

Compositions

Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to ''Ratnangi''. *''Kalasavardhijam'' by

Thyagaraja Sadguru Tyagaraja Swami ( Telugu: సద్గురు త్యాగరాజ స్వామి; 4 May 1767 – 6 January 1847), also known as Tyagayya, and in full as Kakarla Tyagabrahmam ( Telugu: కాకర్ల త్యాగబ ...

*''Tarunam ide'' by

Koteeswara Iyer Koteeswara Iyer (1869 - 1938), was a pioneer composer of Indian classical music Carnatic music. He was a grandson of Kavi Kunjara Bharati(1810–1896) attributing to a strong lineage of accomplished musicians. He was born in Nandhanur to Nagarat ...

*''Sree Gurum Chintayaamyaham'' by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna *''Janani Ashrita'' by Harikeshanallur Muthaiah Bhagavatar *''Varnam''
Niratamu
- fro

b

The following composition is set to ''Phenadhyuti''. *''Sri Dakshinamurthim'' by

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam. ''Ratnangi's'' notes, when shifted using ''

Graha bhedam ''Graha Bhedam'' in Carnatic music is the process (or result of the process) of shifting the Tonic (music), Tonic note (''Śruti (music), śruti'') to another note in the rāgam and arriving at a different rāgam. Its equivalent in Hindustani cl ...

'', yield two other ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely ''

Gamanashrama Gamanashrama (pronounced gamanāshrama''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is t ...

'' and ''

Jhankaradhwani Jhankaradhvani or Jhankaradhwani (pronounced jhankāradhvani) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 19th ''Melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is call ...

''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration, refer to '' Graha bhedam on Ratnangi''.

Notes

References

{{Janya, state=collapsed Melakarta ragas