Rasheed Araeen
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Rasheed Araeen (; born 15 June 1935) is a
Karachi Karachi is the capital city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, largest city in Pakistan and 12th List of largest cities, largest in the world, with a popul ...
-born,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
-based conceptual artist, sculptor, painter, writer, and curator. He graduated in civil engineering from the
NED University of Engineering and Technology The NED University of Engineering & Technology is a public university located in the urban area of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is one of the oldest engineering universities in Pakistan, acknowledged for its best teaching practices and graduat ...
in 1962, and has been working as a visual artist bridging life, art and activism since his arrival in London from
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
in 1964.


Art career

Araeen was pursuing a career as an engineer in
Karachi Karachi is the capital city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, largest city in Pakistan and 12th List of largest cities, largest in the world, with a popul ...
when he was first exposed to avant-garde art. This arrived through two channels: imported Western books and magazines and contact with Pakistani contemporary artists. Consequently, he decided to pursue art-making and embarked on a second career. Upon arriving in London in 1964, Araeen began working as an artist without any formal training, producing sculptures influenced by
Minimalism In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in the post-war era in western art. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary post-mi ...
and the work of
Anthony Caro Sir Anthony Alfred Caro (8 March 192423 October 2013) was an English abstract sculptor whose work is characterised by assemblages of metal using ' found' and industrial objects. He began as a member of the modernist school, having worked with ...
alongside his engineering experience. By his own account, works created or imagined in this period such as ''Chakras'' (1969–1970) and ''Zero to Infinity'' (1968–2004), while using basic structural units such as cubes, lattice and discs, were process-based and open to transformation by "the creative energy of the collective". Concepts of this period would make ripple effects throughout his career, both formally and politically. Chakras, the 16 red painted circular discs released on the water from Saint Katherine's Dock in 1970, would later evolve and give rise to the concept of ''Disco Sailing'' (1970–74), a new form between floating sculpture and dance. The work was revisited and resurrected many times through the decades and performed most recently at Garage Museum in Moscow in 2019. Starting from the 1970s Araeen was increasingly concerned with questions of
postcolonialism Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and extractivism, exploitation of colonized pe ...
as he struggled with the Eurocentrism of institutions. Centering around issues of identity, representation and racial violence, he created the performance ''Paki Bastard, Portrait of The Artist as a Black Person'' (1977) using video projection, live performance and sound. He complemented this with writing statements and manifestos, which he considered to be a "textual form of art". He also often traveled back to Karachi and make frequent visits to Baluchistan as a "return to the source". These travels have prompted in interest around land art and environmental issues described as "Ecoaesthetics" in his 2010 publication ''Art Beyond Art''. Araeen participated in Les Magiciens de la Terre (1989); 2nd Johannesburg Biennale (1997), 11th
Biennale of Sydney The Biennale of Sydney is an international festival of contemporary art, held every two years in Sydney, Australia. It is a large and well-attended contemporary visual arts event in the country. Alongside the Venice and São Paulo biennales and ...
(1998), 9th
Shanghai Biennale The Shanghai Biennale is one of the highest-profile contemporary art events in Shanghai and the most established art biennale in China. It was initially held in the Shanghai Art Museum. From 2012 on, it has been hosted in Power Station of Art, th ...
(212), 9th
Gwangju Biennale The Gwangju Biennale is a contemporary art biennale founded in September 1995 in Gwangju, South Jeolla province, South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half ...
(2012), 57th
Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...
(2017) and
documenta 14 Documenta 14 was the fourteenth edition of the art exhibition documenta which took place in 2017 in both Kassel, Germany, its traditional home, and Athens, Greece. It was held first in Athens from 8 April to 16 July, and in Kassel from 10 Ju ...
(2017). In December 2017 a major retrospective of Araeen's work which spotted 60 years of his work was presented at
Van Abbemuseum The Van Abbemuseum () in Eindhoven is one of the first public museums for contemporary art to be established in Europe. The museum’s collection includes key works and archives by Joseph Beuys, Marc Chagall, René Daniëls, Marlene Dumas, Shee ...
in Eindhoven and then toured to
MAMCO The MAMCO () is the contemporary art museum of Geneva, which opened in 1994. The building is a former factory building, with 3000 m2 of exhibition space, it is the largest contemporary art museum of Switzerland. From 1994 to 2015, MAMCO was dire ...
in Geneva, the
BALTIC Baltic may refer to: Peoples and languages *Baltic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages, including Lithuanian, Latvian and extinct Old Prussian *Balts (or Baltic peoples), ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originatin ...
in Gateshead, and Garage Museum in Moscow.


Publishing

Araeen's artistic activity has been complemented by writing and publishing. He founded and began editing the journal ''Black Phoenix'' in 1978'','' which came to an abrupt end after three issues. In 1987 he founded the groundbreaking journal '' Third Text. Third World Perspectives on Contemporary Art and Culture,'' dealing with art, the Third World, Postcolonialism and ethnicity. In the first decade of its publication, the main aim was to reveal "the institutional closures of the art world and the artists they included, the second began the inquiry into the emergent phenomenon first signaled by the notorious show ''
Magiciens de la terre ''Magiciens de la Terre'' was a contemporary art exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Grande halle de la Villette in Paris, France, from 18 May to 14 August 1989. Background Primitivism ''Magiciens de la Terre'' literally translat ...
'' of the assimilation of the exotic other into the new world art," as
Sean Cubitt Sean, also spelled Seán or Séan in Hiberno-English, is a male given name of Irish origin. It comes from the Irish versions of the Biblical Hebrew name ''Yohanan'' (), Seán (anglicized as ''Shaun/ Shawn/ Shon'') and Séan (Ulster variant; angl ...
summarized the goals in the ''Third Text Reader'' in 2002. In 1999 Araeen spoke about his own journal ''Third Text'' as an attempt to "demolish the boundaries that separate art and art criticism". Some of Araeen's contributions to ''Third Text'' were "From Primitivism to Ethnic Arts / & / Why Third Text?", ''Third Text'' #1, Autumn 1987; "Our Bauhaus Others' Mudhouse" he ''Magiciens de la terre'' issue ''Third Text'' #6, Spring 1989 and "Modernity, Modernism and Africa's Authentic Voice", ''Third Text'' Vol 24 #2, 2010. Araeen founded ''Third Text Asia'' in 2008. The journal published three issues before ceasing activity.


Activism and institutional critique

Araeen from the early 1970s was among the first cultural practitioners to voice the need for artists of African, Latin American, and Asian origins to be represented in British cultural institutions. He curated exhibitions; initiated and published several journals; and produced art installations and community-based artistic projects. Before founding the journal Black Phoenix in 1972, he joined the Black Panther Movement and then wrote "Preliminary Notes For A Black Manifesto" in 1975–76. He established a black voice as a publisher, writer, and artist in the British arts. In 1988 he curated the exhibition '' The Essential Black Art''. This provided a foretaste of '' The Other Story'', a larger 1989 exhibition featuring artists including Araeen himself,
Frank Bowling Sir Richard Sheridan Patrick Michael Aloysius Franklin Bowling ''('' Richard Sheridan Franklin Bowling; born 26 February 1934), known as Frank Bowling, is a British artist who was born in British Guiana. He is particularly renowned for his larg ...
,
Sonia Boyce Dame Sonia Dawn Boyce (born 1962) is a British British African-Caribbean community, Afro-Caribbean artist and educator who lives and works in London. She is a Professor of Black Art and Design at University of the Arts London. Boyce's research ...
, Eddie Chambers,
Uzo Egonu Uzo Egonu (25 December 1931 – 14 August 1996) was a Nigerian-born artist who settled in Britain in the 1940s,
,
Mona Hatoum Mona Hatoum (; born 1952) is a Palestinians, British-Palestinian multimedia and installation artist who lives in London. Biography Mona Hatoum was born in 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon, to State of Palestine, Palestinian parents. Although born in Leba ...
,
Lubaina Himid Lubaina Himid (born 1954) is a British artist and curator. She is a professor of contemporary art at the University of Central Lancashire.Gavin Jantjes,
Donald Locke Donald Cuthbert Locke (17 September 1930 – 6 December 2010) was a Guyana, Guyanese artist who created drawings, paintings and sculptures in a variety of media. He studied in the United Kingdom, and worked in Guyana and the United Kingdom befor ...
,
David Medalla David Cortez Medalla (23 March 1942 – 28 December 2020) was a Filipino international artist and political activist. His work ranged from sculpture and kinetic art to painting, installation, and performance art. Early life David Cortez Me ...
,
Ronald Moody Ronald Moody (12 August 1900 – 6 February 1984) was a Jamaican-born sculptor, specialising in wood carvings. His work features in collections including the National Portrait Gallery, London, National Portrait Gallery and Tate Britain in Londo ...
, Ahmed Parvez,
Ivan Peries Ivan Peries (31 July 1921 – 13 February 1988) was a founder member of the Colombo '43 Group of Sri Lankan artists, and became one of its leading painters. Born near Colombo, he spent more than half his life in self-imposed exile in London ...
, Keith Piper, F. N. Souza and
Aubrey Williams Aubrey Williams (8 May 1926 – 27 April 1990) was a Guyanese artist. He was best known for his large, oil-on-canvas paintings, which combine elements of abstract expressionism with forms, images and symbols inspired by the pre-Columbian art o ...
. A groundbreaking exhibition of British African, Caribbean and Asian modernism, ''The Other Story'' was mounted at the
Hayward Gallery The Hayward Gallery is an art gallery within the Southbank Centre in central London, England and part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames. It is sited adjacent to the other Southbank Centre buildings (the Royal ...
,
South Bank Centre Southbank Centre is an arts centre in London, England. It is adjacent to the separately owned National Theatre and BFI Southbank. It comprises the three main performance spaces – the Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, and Purcell Ro ...
, and went on to
Wolverhampton Art Gallery Wolverhampton Art Gallery is located in Wolverhampton, England. The building was funded and constructed by local contractor Philip Horsman (1825–1890), and built on land provided by the municipal authority. It opened in May 1884. The buildi ...
and
Manchester City Art Gallery Manchester Art Gallery, formerly Manchester City Art Gallery, is a publicly owned art museum on Mosley Street in Manchester city centre, England. The main gallery premises were built for a learned society in 1823 and today its collection occupi ...
and Cornerhouse. In 2001 Araeem was invited by the
Kunsthaus Bregenz The Kunsthaus Bregenz (KUB) presents temporary exhibitions of international contemporary art in Bregenz, Vorarlberg (Austria). History Commissioned by the State of Vorarlberg and designed by the Swiss architect Peter Zumthor, the Kunsthaus Br ...
in
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
to publish his institutional critique of the present art museum in the publication ''The Museum as Arena''. Araeen published the outcome of his private correspondence with the
Ikon Gallery The Ikon Gallery () is an England, English art gallery, gallery of contemporary art, located in Brindleyplace, Birmingham. It is housed in the Listed building, Grade II listed, neo-Gothic former Oozells Street Board School, designed by John Henr ...
in
Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands, within the wider West Midlands (region), West Midlands region, in England. It is the Lis ...
, which had asked him to join an exhibition in 1980 (also published in Rasheed Araeen, ''Making Myself Visible''). His proposal was declined when the other ten artists refused to show their work alongside his. Their opposition not only manifested cultural conflicts but was also meant to defend the purity of the gallery space where Araeen had proposed to perform the slaughter and consumption of a goat (according to a Muslim ritual). Along with the actual performance, he had announced that he would display and tear up "the pages of a contemporary art history book". Thus, the action directed against the exclusionary aesthetics of the art gallery was complemented with a rejection of the official story of modernist art and avant-garde history. Araeen's main key writings were edited in Spanish by curator José-Carlos Mariátegui and Metales Pesados, as ''Del Cero al Infinito: Escritos de Arte y Lucha''. In 2019 he opened Shamiyaana, a restaurant/space in Stoke Newington, where people can enjoy simple, vibrant, nourishing, low-cost food in an environment purpose-designed for conversation and eating.


References


Sources

*''Making Myself Visible'' (London: Kala Press, 1984) *''From Modernism to Postmodernism: Rasheed Araeen: a Retrospective'', exhibition catalogue, essays by P. Bickers, J. Roberts, and D. Phillipi (Birmingham: Ikon Gal., 1987) *''From Two Worlds'' (London:
Whitechapel Art Gallery The Whitechapel Gallery is a public art gallery in Whitechapel on the north side of Whitechapel High Street, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The original building, designed by Charles Harrison Townsend, opened in 1901 as one of the fir ...
, 1986) *''Global Visions: Towards a New Internationalism in the Visual Arts'' (London: Kala Press, 1994) *''Rasheed Araeen'', exhibition catalogue, essay by P. Overy (London: S. London A. G., 1994) *''Rasheed Araeen: Del Cero al Infinito: Escritos de Arte y Lucha,'' essay by José-Carlos Mariátegui (Santiago de Chile, Metales Pesados, 2019).


External links


Third Text Online

Tate Gallery Web Site




{{DEFAULTSORT:Araeen, Rasheed 1935 births Pakistani artists Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom English curators Pakistani art curators English people of Pakistani descent Artists from London University of Karachi alumni Living people British artists of Pakistani descent NED University of Engineering & Technology alumni