Raquel Garrido
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Raquel Garrido (; born 23 April 1974) is a French-Chilean politician. Representing
La France Insoumise La France Insoumise (LFI or FI; , ) is a left-wing political party in France. It was launched in 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, then a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former co-president of the Left Party (PG). It aims to implement th ...
(LFI), she was elected to the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
for Seine-Saint-Denis's 5th constituency in the
2022 French legislative election Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 Deputy (France), members of the 16th National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic. Th ...
. Running as a dissident without the endorsement of the
New Popular Front The New Popular Front ( , NFP) is a broad Left-wing politics, left-wing electoral alliance with centre-left politics, centre-left and far-left politics, far-left factions in France. It was launched on 10 June 2024 to contest the 2024 French leg ...
(NPF), she reached the second round of the
2024 French legislative election Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 Deputy (France), members of the 17th legislature of th ...
and then withdrew.


Biography


Early life

Garrido was born in
Valparaíso Valparaíso () is a major city, Communes of Chile, commune, Port, seaport, and naval base facility in the Valparaíso Region of Chile. Valparaíso was originally named after Valparaíso de Arriba, in Castilla–La Mancha, Castile-La Mancha, Spain ...
, Chile. She was born seven months after
Augusto Pinochet Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean military officer and politician who was the dictator of Military dictatorship of Chile, Chile from 1973 to 1990. From 1973 to 1981, he was the leader ...
's right-wing
coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
and her left-wing parents were interned. The family were exiled and lived in
Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...
before settling in
Marly-le-Roi Marly-le-Roi () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the administrative region of Île-de-France, France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Marly-le-Roi was the location of the Château de Marly, ...
in
Yvelines Yvelines () is a department in the western part of the ÃŽle-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207.ÃŽle-de-France The ÃŽle-de-France (; ; ) is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 residents on 1 January 2023. Centered on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the cou ...
. Garrido became vice president of
SOS Racisme SOS Racisme () is a politically left-wing international movement of anti-racist NGOs. The oldest chapter of SOS Racisme was founded in 1984 in France, and it has counterparts in several other European countries or regions. Its Norwegian branc ...
when she was 22. As a student activist in the , she met
Alexis Corbière Alexis Corbière (; born 17 August 1968) is a French politician. He has been member of the National Assembly for the 7th constituency of the Seine-Saint-Denis department since 2017. Corbière was also a spokesperson for La France Insoumise an ...
, with whom she had three daughters.


Early political career

During the
2008 financial crisis The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis (GFC), was a major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States. The causes of the 2008 crisis included excessive speculation on housing values by both homeowners ...
, Garrido left the
Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
for
Jean-Luc Mélenchon Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon (; born 19 August 1951) is a French politician who has been the ''de facto'' leader of La France Insoumise (LFI) since it was established in 2016. He was the Deputy (France), deputy in the National Assembly ( ...
's new Left Party. She cited the financial crisis and the success of new leftist parties in Latin America as a reason to abandon the
social democratic Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
former party. In the
2012 French legislative election Legislative elections were held in France on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of France, National Assembly of the Fifth French R ...
, she stood in the
Second constituency for French residents overseas The second constituency for French residents overseas (French: ''Deuxième circonscription des Français établis hors de France'') is one of eleven constituencies representing French citizens living abroad. It was created by the 2010 redistr ...
(Latin America and the Caribbean), coming fourth with 8.6% of the vote. Garrido became spokesperson of Mélenchon's new
La France Insoumise La France Insoumise (LFI or FI; , ) is a left-wing political party in France. It was launched in 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, then a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former co-president of the Left Party (PG). It aims to implement th ...
(LFI) in 2017 but left this role the same year due to questions of impartiality over her role as a political pundit on ' on C8. She said that she would opt for the punditry, as the party's size would provide a replacement, while there were few left-wing commentators on television. She and Corbière were also subject to scrutiny over continuing to live in public housing in the city of
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
while he represented a constituency in nearby
Seine-Saint-Denis () is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobi ...
and their household income was over the limit; they were ordered to leave by the city council.


Member of the National Assembly

In the
2022 French legislative election Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 Deputy (France), members of the 16th National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic. Th ...
, Garrido ran for LFI within the
New Ecological and Social People's Union The New Ecological and Social People's Union (, NUPES) was a Left-wing politics, left-wing electoral alliance of List of political parties in France, political parties in France. Formed on May Day 2022, the alliance included La France Insoumise ( ...
(NUPES) in Seine-Saint-Denis's 5th constituency. She defeated 20-year incumbent
Jean-Christophe Lagarde Jean-Christophe Lagarde (; born 24 October 1967) is a French politician serving as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) since 2014. He succeeded Jean-Louis Borloo after a short interim by Yves Jégo. Lagarde has been the mem ...
of the
Union of Democrats and Independents The Union of Democrats and Independents (, , UDI) is a Liberalism, liberal List of political parties in France, political party in France and former electoral alliance founded on 18 September 2012 on the basis of the UDI and Independents group, e ...
by 53.5% to 46.5% in the run-off. In November 2023, Garrido was suspended by LFI for four months for allegedly spreading false information about its members. She had criticised Mélenchon's leadership, and criticised her punishment as being exactly that given by the party to its former coordinator
Adrien Quatennens Adrien Quatennens (; born 23 May 1990) is a French politician who has represented Nord's 1st constituency in the National Assembly between 2017 and 2024. From June 2019 until September 2022, he was also the party coordinator of La France Insoum ...
for a
domestic violence Domestic violence is violence that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes r ...
conviction. In the
2024 French legislative election Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 Deputy (France), members of the 17th legislature of th ...
, Garrido was one of four LFI dissidents purged by LFI but nonetheless supported by all the other parties of the Nouveau Front Populaire (NFP) coalition, who reached the second round; one of the others was her husband. She came third in the first round, with 23.7% of the vote, behind Aly Diouara of the
La France Insoumise La France Insoumise (LFI or FI; , ) is a left-wing political party in France. It was launched in 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, then a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former co-president of the Left Party (PG). It aims to implement th ...
, and Jean-Christophe Lagarde's wife Aude (also UDI). She withdrew from the race, allowing Diouara to win the run-off. After the election, the dissidents from LFI established
L'Après L'Après (, a backronym for ''L'Association pour la République écologique et sociale,'' ) is a French Left-wing politics, left-wing political party. The party was founded on 12 July 2024 by dissidents from La France Insoumise (LFI), some of whom ...
.


Television


Editor, commentator

*
2017 2017 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly. Events January * January 1 – Istanbul nightclub shooting: A gunman dressed as Santa Claus opens fire at the ...
-
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
: ''Les Terriens du dimanche!'' (on C8) * 2019-
2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...
: ''Balance ton post!'' (on C8) * Since
2025 So far, the year has seen the continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudanese civil war, and the Gaza war. Internal crises in Bangladesh post-resignation v ...
: ''Face à face'' (on LCI)


Other

# Les Traitres ''(The Traitors)'' season 4, as a faithful


Summary of election results


Legislative elections


High-profile legal cases, as a lawyer

* Polling case (she was the lawyer for
Jean-Luc Mélenchon Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon (; born 19 August 1951) is a French politician who has been the ''de facto'' leader of La France Insoumise (LFI) since it was established in 2016. He was the Deputy (France), deputy in the National Assembly ( ...
against the Commission nationale des sondages and Harris Interactive, Mélenchon wanted to make the manner in which the raw data from its polls was restated transparent). * 'Fake leaflets' case, by
Hénin-Beaumont Hénin-Beaumont (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France, department in the Hauts-de-France region of Franc about east of Lens, Pas-de-Calais, Lens. History The commune came into existence in 1970, the r ...
, aimed at Jean-Luc Mélenchon (a suit against
Marine Le Pen Marion Anne Perrine "Marine" Le Pen (; born 5 August 1968) is a French lawyer and politician of the far-right National Rally, National Rally party (RN). She served as the party's president from 2011 to 2021, and ran for the French presidency in ...
, the FN having produced and distributed a fake leaflet for the Front de gauche with
communitarianism Communitarianism is a philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community. Its overriding philosophy is based on the belief that a person's social identity and personality are largely molded by community relation ...
content). Garrido herself was taken to court by Marine Le Pen who accused her of having described Le Pen as a 'criminal' in the context of the case. Marine Le Pen lost her trial, as well as her
appeal In law, an appeal is the process in which Legal case, cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of cla ...
. * '
Fascist Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural soci ...
' case (Jean-Luc Mélenchon, having described Marine Le Pen as a 'fascist', was accused of 'public insult'). * Míkis Theodorákis case (Jean-Luc Mélenchon pressed charges against
Jean-François Copé Jean-François Copé (; born 5 May 1964) is a French politician serving as Mayor of Meaux since 1995 with an interruption from 2002 to 2005. He was Government Spokesman between 2002 and 2007, when assumed other tenures in the government—inclu ...
,
Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet Nathalie Geneviève Marie Kosciusko-Morizet () (born 14 May 1973), often referred to by her initials NKM, is an engineer and former politician. She was a Member of Parliament, returned to the National Assembly from the Essonne 4th constituency ...
and
Alain Juppé Alain Marie Juppé (; born 15 August 1945) is a French politician. A member of The Republicans, he was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac, during which period he faced major strikes that paralysed the c ...
, who accused him of having '
anti-semitic Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...
contacts'). * Aslangul case (Claudio Calfuquir against Charles Aslangul). * Case of Maryline Mélenchon against Christian Schoettl, the
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
of Janvry. * Société générale case (Jean-Luc Mélenchon against the
Société générale Société Générale S.A. (), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as SocGen (), is a French multinational universal bank and financial services company founded in 1864. It is registered in downtown Paris and headquartered nearby i ...
). * 'Apprentice dictator' case (Gilles Wobedo against Fabien Engelmann, FN mayor of
Hayange Hayange (; ; Lorraine Franconian: ''Héngen''/''Haiéngen'') is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Outlying villages include Marspich and Saint-Nicolas-en-Forêt, Konacker and Ranguevaux. History Archa ...
).


Controversies


Unpaid contributions

According to an article on 4 October 2017 in ''
Canard enchaîné Canard (meaning "duck" in French) may refer to: Aviation *Canard (aeronautics), a small wing in front of an aircraft's main wing * Aviafiber Canard 2FL, a single seat recreational aircraft of canard design * Voisin Canard, aircraft developed b ...
'', during six years as a lawyer, she allegedly failed to pay her contributions to the Caisse nationale des barreaux français (CNBF), meaning she would be liable for . The paper also claimed that she had not been paying her contributions to the ordre des avocats de Paris ''(Paris
Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar ** Chocolate bar * Protein bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a laye ...
Association)'' for the past year. But the CNBF condemned this 'inaccurate information', and according to the Paris Bar, she had resolved this matter with them on 20 September 2017 with a schedule to settle the payments in
arrears In finance, arrears (or arrearage) is a legal term for the part of a debt that is overdue after missing one or more required payments. The amount of the arrears is the amount accrued from the date on which the first missed payment was due. The t ...
. The article by the ''Canard enchaîné'', which received much attention, was made the subject of a
defamation Defamation is a communication that injures a third party's reputation and causes a legally redressable injury. The precise legal definition of defamation varies from country to country. It is not necessarily restricted to making assertions ...
suit A suit, also called a lounge suit, business suit, dress suit, or formal suit, is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles generally worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt su ...
, by Garrido. Her legal action was dismissed in 2023, the judges noting, according to the ''Canard enchainé,'' that the lawyer was 'indeed liable for unpaid contributions and for a debt to the Paris Bar.


HLM housing until 2017

In October 2017, she was the subject of a new controversy about the fact that she lived in HLM (
social housing Public housing, also known as social housing, refers to Subsidized housing, subsidized or affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government, central government, nonprofit organizations or a ...
) with her partner
Alexis Corbière Alexis Corbière (; born 17 August 1968) is a French politician. He has been member of the National Assembly for the 7th constituency of the Seine-Saint-Denis department since 2017. Corbière was also a spokesperson for La France Insoumise an ...
. The couple eventually left that residence and moved to Alexis Corbière's constituency, where he was elected as a deputy in June 2017. They had occupied the residence legally and without receiving special treatment from 2000 to 2017..


Financial aid for home renovations

In October 2018, ''
Le Canard enchaîné (; English: "The Chained Duck" or "The Chained Paper", as is French slang meaning "newspaper") is a satirical weekly newspaper in France. Its headquarters is in Paris. Founded in 1915 during World War I, it features investigative journalism ...
'' revealed that Raquel Garrido and her partner
Alexis Corbière Alexis Corbière (; born 17 August 1968) is a French politician. He has been member of the National Assembly for the 7th constituency of the Seine-Saint-Denis department since 2017. Corbière was also a spokesperson for La France Insoumise an ...
had benefited from assistance from the Agence nationale de l'habitat to pay for the renovation works carried out on their house in
Bagnolet Bagnolet () is a Communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. History On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occa ...
. The couple received this aid granted under
means-testing A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government benefits, assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do with less or none of that help. Means testing is i ...
to lower-income owner-occupiers while one was a TV commentator and the other was a deputy.


Claims of anti-semitism

In January 2020, during a broadcast of ''Balance ton post !'', in which she is a commentator, commented on the
controversy Controversy (, ) is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin '' controversia'', as a composite of ''controversus'' – "turned in an op ...
on the practice of wearing a veil during school trips and claimed that if
Jean-Michel Blanquer Jean-Michel Blanquer (; born 4 December 1964) is a French jurist and government official serving as Minister of National Education under Prime Ministers Édouard Philippe and Jean Castex from 2017 to 2022. Education and early career Born in t ...
had been opposed to the wearing of the
kippah A (plural: ''kippot''), , or is a brimless Jewish cap, skullcap, usually made of cloth, traditionally worn by Jewish men to fulfill the customary requirement that the Head covering, head be covered. It is the most common type of head-coverin ...
on school trips, 'he would no longer be a minister'.
Cyril Hanouna Cyril Valéry Isaac Hanouna (; ; born 23 September 1974) is a French radio and television presenter, writer, author, columnist, producer, singer and occasional actor and comedian of Tunisian origin. He hosts the French TV show '' Touche pas à mo ...
claimed that her words were
anti-semitic Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...
and had implied that there was a
Jewish lobby The Jewish lobby are individuals and groups predominantly in the Jewish diaspora that advocate for the interests of Jews and Jewish values. The lobby references the involvement and influence of Jews in politics and the political process, and ...
at the heart of the government.


Claims of collaboration with terrorists

On 14 November 2021, Garrido was invited onto the platform
BFM TV BFM TV (, stylized as BFMTV) is a French news broadcast television and radio network, wholly owned by RMC BFM. The flagship property of the RMC BFM division of CMA CGM, its headquarters are located in Paris. As the country's most-watched new ...
to comment on the anniversary of the
November 2015 Paris attacks A series of coordinated Islamist terrorist attacks took place on Friday, 13 November 2015 in Paris, France, and the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis. Beginning at 21:16, three suicide bombers struck outside the Stade de France in Saint-De ...
. She specifically criticised the remarks of
Éric Zemmour Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (; born 31 August 1958) is a French History of far-right movements in France, far-right politician, essayist, writer and political journalist and pundit. He was an editor and panelist on ''Face à l'Info'', a daily show ...
(who accused
François Hollande François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Before his presidency, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France), First Secretary of th ...
of having 'done nothing' to prevent the attacks in terms of
border control Border control comprises measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across land, air, and maritime borders. While border control is typically associated with international borders, it als ...
and
immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as Permanent residency, permanent residents. Commuting, Commuter ...
), believing that 'the families have made immeasurable efforts to participate in the proceedings, to find the strength to tesity, to pay tribute to their dead, to find a path towards reconciliation, including with the terrorists themselves and those who are on trial'. The declaration caused an uproar in the media. She later acknowledged that 'the term reconciliation was poorly chosen'.


Altercation behind the scenes at Canal Factory

On 16 December 2021,
Cyril Hanouna Cyril Valéry Isaac Hanouna (; ; born 23 September 1974) is a French radio and television presenter, writer, author, columnist, producer, singer and occasional actor and comedian of Tunisian origin. He hosts the French TV show '' Touche pas à mo ...
launched the political broadcast ' Face à Baba' on C8, with the goal of having the candidates for the 2022 presidential election and also commentators, supporters, analysts and other politicians and professions from all walks of life.
Éric Zemmour Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (; born 31 August 1958) is a French History of far-right movements in France, far-right politician, essayist, writer and political journalist and pundit. He was an editor and panelist on ''Face à l'Info'', a daily show ...
was a guest on the first episode, and an tense exchange took place between
Alexis Corbière Alexis Corbière (; born 17 August 1968) is a French politician. He has been member of the National Assembly for the 7th constituency of the Seine-Saint-Denis department since 2017. Corbière was also a spokesperson for La France Insoumise an ...
and Stanislas Rigault, the president of the youth wing of
Reconquête Reconquête (, ), stylised as Reconquête! (often shortened as R!), is a far-right political party in France founded in late 2021 by Éric Zemmour, who has since served as its leader. He was a candidate in the 2022 presidential election, in w ...
. After the broadcast, the altercation continued and the tone rose offstage. The altercation, which was filmed, shows the pair become aggressive towards Rigault. Garrido told him 'Sucking your boss's dick on TV, you think that's glorious and added 'bastard' then 'coward'. The video went viral on social media where the behaviour of Zemmour's opponents was criticised.


False accusations by ''

Le Point ''Le Point'' () is a French weekly political and conservative news magazine published in Paris. It is one of the three major French news magazines. ''Le Point'' was founded in 1972 by former journalists of ''L'Express'' and quickly rose to be ...
'' magazine

In June 2022, the journalist Aziz Zemouri wrote an article on the ''
Le Point ''Le Point'' () is a French weekly political and conservative news magazine published in Paris. It is one of the three major French news magazines. ''Le Point'' was founded in 1972 by former journalists of ''L'Express'' and quickly rose to be ...
'' magazine's website claiming that Raquel Garrido and her partner
Alexis Corbière Alexis Corbière (; born 17 August 1968) is a French politician. He has been member of the National Assembly for the 7th constituency of the Seine-Saint-Denis department since 2017. Corbière was also a spokesperson for La France Insoumise an ...
illegally employed an undocumented housekeeper. They denied this. A counter-investigation by '' Médiapart'' showed 'errors and inconsistencies' . in the article, which was retracted the next day by the magazine, which apologised to the couple. Following this article, on 8 October 2024,
Jean-Christophe Lagarde Jean-Christophe Lagarde (; born 24 October 1967) is a French politician serving as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) since 2014. He succeeded Jean-Louis Borloo after a short interim by Yves Jégo. Lagarde has been the mem ...
and Anouar Bouhadjela, a police officer, were put under investigation by the Paris prosecutor's office for organised fraud and selling stolen goods; Garrido and Corbière having made a complaint.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garrido, Raquel 1974 births Living people Politicians from Valparaíso People from Marly-le-Roi Chilean emigrants to Canada Chilean emigrants to France Naturalized citizens of France French people of Chilean descent Socialist Party (France) politicians Left Party (France) politicians La France Insoumise politicians Members of Parliament for Seine-Saint-Denis Deputies of the 16th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic