''Raphitoma'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families" ...

. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

''Pleurotoma hystrix'' Cristofori and Jan, 1832 is a

nomen nudum In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published ...

. It has been validated by Bellardi, 1847 as “''Pleurotoma histrix'' Jan.”

Distribution

This genus occurs in European waters, in the northern part of the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...

, and in the Atlantic Ocean off

Cape Verde Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country and archipelagic state of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about . These islands ...

West Africa West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Gha ...

and

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

Taxonomy history

The genus ''Raphitoma'' was created in 1847 by

Luigi Bellardi Luigi Bellardi (18 May 1818 – 17 September 1889) was an Italian malacologist and entomologist who specialised in Diptera. Bellardi was born in Genoa and died in Turin. His collection is in the Turin Museum of Natural History In 1872, then a pr ...

(1818-1889) in his "Monographie des Pleurotomes fossiles du Piémont" for species in different groups without operculum. ''Raphitoma'' now contains many species formerly assigned to ''Pleurotoma'' Lamarck, 1799, ''Clathurella'' (Carpenter, 1857) and ''Philbertia'' (Monterosato, 1884). ''Philbertia'' was synonymized with ''Raphitoma'' in 1990 because Dr.

Philippe Bouchet Philippe Bouchet (born 1953) is a French biologist whose primary scientific fields of study are malacology (the study of molluscs) and taxonomy. He works at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. He is also a Commissioner of the In ...

did not consider valid the subdivision of species into different genera solely on the basis of differences during larval development. In describing ''Raphitoma'', the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...

(WoRMS) relied on an unpublished database "Nomenclator of Molluscan Supraspecific Names" by Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010). In December 2011, the WoRMS database still showed 21 species retaining the genus name ''Philbertia''. In their publication "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)", Bouchet, Kantor et al. (2011) still recognize ''Philbertia'' as a valid genus in the Raphitomidae. As of the 2017 update to the 2005 restructuring of gastropod taxonomy, WoRMS recognizes ''Philbertia'' as a synonym of ''Raphitoma''.

Description

According to Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2018), the shell of the species in this genus are characterized by: * shape: turreted to biconic-pupoidal with an impressed suture. * size: small to medium (5 mm to 25 mm) compared with the other genera in this family *

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called " ...

: 3 to 4.5 whorls when multispiral ( planktotrophic development) - otherwise paucispiral ( lecithotrophic development) - this

dichotomy A dichotomy () is a partition of a set, partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be * jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and * mutually exclusive: nothi ...

of the larval development between sibling species can be used in distinguishing them). *

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...

: frequently keeled. *

Sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

: reticulate and diagonally squarely cancellated with the axial opisthocline ribs broader than the spiral riblets; sometimes growth lines visible between the ribs on the body whorl. * outer

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

: thickened, showing inner denticles; crenulated externally. *

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

: simple; sometimes slightly sinuous anteriorly. *

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...

: funnel-like; short to rather long; wide. Data about the soft parts are scarce and suggest a variation between the species.

Species

Species within the genus ''Raphitoma'' include: * † '' Raphitoma alfurica'' P. J. Fischer, 1927 * † '' Raphitoma alida'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2016 * '' Raphitoma alleryana'' (Sulliotti, 1889) * ''

Raphitoma alternans ''Raphitoma alternans'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family (biology), family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell reaches a length of 10 mm. It has a paucispiral protoconch. Distribution This mari ...

'' ( Monterosato, 1884) * '' Raphitoma andrehoaraui'' Pelorce & Horst, 2020 * '' Raphitoma antipolitana'' Pelorce & Horst, 2020 * † '' Raphitoma antonjanseni'' Marquet, 1998 * † '' Raphitoma arenosa'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma arnoldi'' Pallary, 1904 * † '' Raphitoma asperata'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma atropurpurea'' (Locard & Caziot, 1900) * † '' Raphitoma augustae'' (Boettger, 1902) * '' Raphitoma azuari'' Pelorce & Horst, 2020 * '' Raphitoma bartolinorum'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 * † '' Raphitoma baudoni'' (G.P. Deshayes, 1865 ) * † '' Raphitoma belliana'' Finlay, 1927 * '' Raphitoma bernardoi'' Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & Fernandes, 1998 * '' Raphitoma bicolor'' ( Risso, 1826) * † '' Raphitoma birmanica'' Vredenburg, 1921 * † '' Raphitoma boutillieri'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Raphitoma bourguignati'' (Locard, 1891) * '' Raphitoma bracteata'' (Pallary, 1904) * † '' Raphitoma breitenbergeri'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 * '' Raphitoma brunneofasciata'' Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 * '' Raphitoma caboverdensis'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2021 * '' Raphitoma christfriedi'' Rolan et al., 1998 * † '' Raphitoma columnae'' (Scacchi, 1835) * † '' Raphitoma consimilis'' F.W. Harmer, 1918 * '' Raphitoma contigua'' ( Monterosato, 1884) * '' Raphitoma corbis'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * † '' Raphitoma costellata'' (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1804) * '' Raphitoma curta'' Fenaux, 1942 (nomen dubium) * † '' Raphitoma daphnelloides'' Gougerot & Le Renard, 1981 * † '' Raphitoma dellabellaorum'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 * '' Raphitoma dempsta'' (A.A. Gould, 1860) * '' Raphitoma densa'' ( Monterosato, 1884) * † '' Raphitoma deshayesi'' Cossmann, 1902 * † '' Raphitoma desmoulinsi'' Bellardi, 1847 * † '' Raphitoma dictyella'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Raphitoma digiulioi'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi Savelli, 2017 * † '' Raphitoma diozodes'' Cossmann, 1898 * † '' Raphitoma eberti'' Koenen, 1894 * '' Raphitoma ebreorum'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 * '' Raphitoma echinata'' (Brocchi, 1814) * † '' Raphitoma echinus'' (Boettger, 1902) * '' Raphitoma enginaeformis'' Nevill & Nevill, 1875 * † '' Raphitoma erinaceus'' (Bellardi, 1877) * † '' Raphitoma exasperata'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma farolita'' F. Nordsieck, 1977 * † '' Raphitoma ferrierii'' (Brunetti, Della-Bella & Giano, 2006) * † '' Raphitoma ferroviae'' Cossmann, 1923 * † '' Raphitoma fischeri'' Cossmann, 1902 * '' Raphitoma formosa'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * † '' Raphitoma gabusogana'' Nomura & Zinbo, 1936 * † '' Raphitoma ganensis'' Cossmann, 1923 * † '' Raphitoma garlandi'' Harmer, 1918 * † '' Raphitoma grimmertingenensis'' Marquet, Lenaerts & Laporte, 2016 * '' Raphitoma griseomaculata'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 * † '' Raphitoma harpula'' (G.B. Brocchi, 1814 ) * † '' Raphitoma herminae'' (Boettger, 1902) * † '' Raphitoma hildae'' (Boettger, 1902) * '' Raphitoma hispidella'' Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2019 * † '' Raphitoma histrix'' Bellardi, 1847 * † '' Raphitoma hoernesi'' (Mayer, 1869) * '' Raphitoma horrida'' ( Monterosato, 1884) * † '' Raphitoma hypotetica'' Bellardi, 1847 * '' Raphitoma kharybdis'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 * '' Raphitoma laviae'' (Philippi, 1844) * † '' Raphitoma lennieri'' Cossmann & Pissaro, 1900 * † '' Raphitoma leptocolpa'' Cossmann, 1889 * † '' Raphitoma lilliputiana'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma lineolata'' (Bucquoy, Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1883) * '' Raphitoma locardi'' Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 * '' Raphitoma maculosa'' Høisæter, 2016 (''

taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...

'') * † '' Raphitoma margaritata'' Janssen, 1978 * † '' Raphitoma mediodenticulata'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma melitis'' Kontadakis & Mbazios, 2019 * † '' Raphitoma merignacensis'' (Peyrot, 1931) * † '' Raphitoma michaudi'' (Bellardi, 1877) * '' Raphitoma mirabilis'' (Pallary, 1904) * '' Raphitoma natalensis'' Barnard, 1958 * † '' Raphitoma neerrepenensis'' Marquet, Lenaerts & Laporte, 2016 * † '' Raphitoma neoscapulata'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma nivea'' (Monterosato, 1875) * '' Raphitoma oblonga'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * † '' Raphitoma palumbina'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018 * '' Raphitoma papillosa'' (Pallary, 1904) * † '' Raphitoma parahystrix'' (Boettger, 1902) * '' Raphitoma perinsignis'' (E. A. Smith, 1884) * † '' Raphitoma perplexa'' (Deshayes, 1865) * † '' Raphitoma perpulchra'' (Wood, 1848) * '' Raphitoma petanii'' Prkić, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2020 * '' Raphitoma philberti'' (Michaud, 1829) * † '' Raphitoma pleurotomelloides'' Lozouet, 2017 * '' Raphitoma pruinosa'' (Pallary, 1906) * † '' Raphitoma pseudocordieri'' Peyrot, 1931 * '' Raphitoma pseudohystrix'' (Sykes, 1906) * † '' Raphitoma pulchra'' (Peyrot, 1931) * '' Raphitoma pumila'' (Monterosato, 1890) * '' Raphitoma pupoides'' (Monterosato, 1884) * '' Raphitoma purpurea'' ( Montagu, 1803) * '' Raphitoma pusaterii'' Prkić & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2020 * † '' Raphitoma pycnum'' Lozouet, 1999 * '' Raphitoma radula'' (Monterosato, 1884) * † '' Raphitoma raynevali'' (Bellardi, 1877) * † '' Raphitoma ringens'' Bellardi, 1847 * † '' Raphitoma sapicurtensis'' Cossmann, 1902 * † '' Raphitoma scacchii'' Bellardi, 1847 * † '' Raphitoma scapulata'' Lozouet, 2017 * † '' Raphitoma semicostata'' Bellardi, 1847 * '' Raphitoma skylla'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2018 * '' Raphitoma smriglioi'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2013 * † '' Raphitoma soniusae'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 * '' Raphitoma sophiae'' Kontadakis & Polyzoulis, 2019 * '' Raphitoma spadiana'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2012 * † '' Raphitoma sparsa'' Boettger, 1902 * '' Raphitoma stanici'' Prkić, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Pusateri, 2020 * † '' Raphitoma striolaris'' (Deshayes, 1837) * '' Raphitoma strucki'' (Maltzan, 1883) * † '' Raphitoma subaequalis'' (Boettger, 1902) * † '' Raphitoma suberinacea'' Lozouet, 2017 * † '' Raphitoma subfragilis'' Lozouet, 2017 * † '' Raphitoma subpurpurea'' (Boettger, 1902) * † '' Raphitoma subvellicata'' Boettger, 1902 * † '' Raphitoma symmetrica'' (Reeve, 1846) * '' Raphitoma syrtensis'' F. Nordsieck, 1977 * '' Raphitoma tomentosa'' Nordsieck, 1968 (''

'') * † '' Raphitoma unica'' (Boettger, 1902) * † '' Raphitoma venusta'' (Lea, 1833) * † '' Raphitoma vercingetorixi'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018 * † '' Raphitoma vitiosa'' Lozouet, 1999 * † '' Raphitoma vogeli'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020 * '' Raphitoma volutella'' (Kiener, 1840) * '' Raphitoma zelotypa'' Rolan et al., 1998 † = species is extinct

Synonyms

* ''Raphitoma aequalis'' (Jeffreys, 1867): synonym of '' Cyrillia aequalis'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * ''Raphitoma affine'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Bela nebula'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma amoena'' Sars G.O., 1878: synonym of '' Nepotilla amoena'' (G.O. Sars, 1878) * ''Raphitoma angusta'' Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of '' Agathotoma angusta'' (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma antonjanssei'' Marquet & Landau, 2006 †: synonym of '' Raphitoma antonjanseni'' Marquet, 1998 † (unjustified emendation) * ''Raphitoma asperrima'' (T. Brown, 1827): synonym of ''

Trophonopsis muricata ''Trophonopsis muricata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The narrow, conical ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma barbierii'' Brusina, 1866: synonym of ''

Drilliola loprestiana ''Drilliola loprestiana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae. Taxonomy Figueira & Absalão (2010) used the name ''Drilliola pulchella'' (Verrill, 1880) for the species generally known as ''Drilliola ...

'' (Calcara, 1841) ) * ''Raphitoma bedoyai'' Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of '' Daphnella bedoyai'' (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) * † ''Raphitoma bertrandiana'' (Millet, 1865): synonym of † '' Daphnella bertrandiana'' (Millet, 1865) * ''Raphitoma bofilliana'' (Sulliotti, 1889): synonym of '' Raphitoma alleryana'' (Sulliotti, 1889) * ''Raphitoma boothii'' Smith, 1839: synonym of '' Raphitoma concinna'' (Scacchi, 1836) * ''Raphitoma brachystoma'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''

Sorgenfreispira brachystoma ''Sorgenfreispira brachystoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Sorgenfreispira brachystoma (Philippi, 1844). In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Raphitoma brevis'' Réquien, 1848: synonym of '' Raphitoma pupoides'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma brevis'' F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of '' Raphitoma brunneofasciata'' Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 (preoccupied name) * ''Raphitoma buchanensis'' Macgillivray, 1843: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma cappellinii'' Deshayes, 1865: synonym of ''Raphitoma costellata capellinii'' Deshayes, 1865 * ''Raphitoma caudicula'' Nardo, 1848: synonym of '' Raphitoma leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828) * ''Raphitoma concinna'' (Scacchi, 1836): synonym of '' Leufroyia concinna'' (Scacchi, 1836) * ''Raphitoma confusa'' Locard, 1897: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Raphitoma confusum'' Locard, 1897: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) (dubious synonym; incorrect gender ending) * ''Raphitoma corbiformis'' Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of '' Raphitoma corbis'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Raphitoma cordieri'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of '' Raphitoma horrida'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma corimbensis'' Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of '' Daphnella corimbensis'' (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma cranchiana'' Gray, 1852: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma cylindracea'' ic synonym of '' Raphitoma locardi'' Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, 2013 (misspelling of ''Clathurella cylindrica'' Locard & Caziot, 1900) * ''Raphitoma cyrilli'' Brusina, 1866: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma decorata'' Locard, 1892: synonym of '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Raphitoma decussatum'' Locard, 1891: synonym of ''

Bela decussata ''Bela decussata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. Taxonomy The taxonomy of ''Bela decussata'' (Couthouy, 1839) has changed due to repeated reclassification. The accepted name of this species is ...

'' (Locard, 1891) (original combination) * † ''Raphitoma defrancei'' Tucker & Renard, 1993: synonym of † '' Amblyacrum dameriacense'' (Deshayes, 1865) * ''Raphitoma detexta'' Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of '' Bela detexta'' (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma divae'' Carrozza, 1984: synonym of '' Raphitoma pseudohystrix'' (Sykes, 1906) * ''Raphitoma dollfusi'' Locard, 1886: synonym of '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Raphitoma echinata'' Calcara, 1839: synonym of '' Raphitoma horrida'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma elegans'' Blainville, 1829: synonym of '' Raphitoma purpurea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma elegans'' (Donovan, 1804): synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma elegans'' Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma elegans'' Monterosato, 1875: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma ephesina'' Pusateri, Giannuzzi Savelli & Stahlschmidt, 2017: synonym of '' Cyrillia ephesina'' (Pusateri, Giannuzzi-Savelli & Stahlschmidt, 2017) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma erronea'' (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of '' Leufroyia erronea'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Raphitoma euzonata'' Hervier, 1897: synonym of '' Kermia episema'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * ''Raphitoma exstriolata'' Cerulli-Irelli, 1910: synonym of '' Mangelia costulata'' Risso, 1826 * ''Raphitoma fallax'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Raphitoma purpurea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma flavida'' F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of '' Raphitoma densa'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma fulgurans'' (Krauss, 1848): synonym of '' Anachis kraussii'' (Sowerby I, 1844) * † ''Raphitoma georgesi'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † '' Cyrillia georgesi'' (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma gougeroti'' J. K. Tucker & Le Renard, 1993 †: synonym of '' Amblyacrum gougeroti'' (J. K. Tucker & Le Renard, 1993) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma hispida'' Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of '' Bela hispida'' (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma hispidula'' Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of '' Bela hispidula'' (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma hypothetica'' Bellardi, 1848 †: synonym of '' Atoma hypothetica'' (Bellardi, 1848) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma ida'' Thiele, 1925: synonym of '' Tritonoturris capensis'' (Smith, 1882) * ''Raphitoma inflata'' De Cristofori, 1832: synonym of '' Leufroyia leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828) * ''Raphitoma intermedia'' Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of '' Raphitoma laviae'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Raphitoma kabuli'' Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998: synonym of '' Cyrillia kabuli'' (Rolán, Otero-Schmitt & F. Fernandes, 1998) (original combination) * † ''Raphitoma landreauensis'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † '' Leufroyia landreauensis'' (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828): synonym of '' Leufroyia leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828) * ''Raphitoma lineare'' Réquien, 1848: synonym of '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Raphitoma linearis'' (Montagu, 1803): synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma linearis'' Monterosato, 1875: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma lirifera'' Bellardi, 1877 †: synonym of '' Bela lirifera'' (Bellardi, 1877) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma mirabilis'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Leufroyia leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828) * ''Raphitoma monterosatoi'' F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of '' Raphitoma horrida'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma muricoidea'' Blainville, 1829: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma neapolitana'' F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of '' Raphitoma pupoides'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma nebula'' (Montagu, 1803): synonym of '' Bela nebula'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma nuperrima'' (Tiberi, 1855): synonym of '' Bela nuperrima'' (Tiberi, 1855) * ''Raphitoma obesa'' Høisæter, 2016: synonym of '' Cyrillia obesa'' (Høisæter, 2016) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma oceanicum'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Bela oceanica'' (Locard, 1891) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma ornata'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Bela ornata'' (Locard, 1891): synonym of '' Mangelia costulata'' Risso, 1826 (original combination) * ''Raphitoma ornatus'' Strebel, 1904: synonym of '' Tritonoturris capensis'' (Smith, 1882) * ''Raphitoma pallaryi'' Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of '' Raphitoma mirabilis'' (Pallary, 1904) * ''Raphitoma payraudeauti'' Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of '' Mangelia attenuata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma peregrinator'' Locard, 1897: synonym of ''Mangelia nuperrima'' (Tiberi, 1855): synonym of '' Bela nuperrima'' (Tiberi, 1855) * † ''Raphitoma plicata'' (Lamarck, 1803): synonym of † '' Elaeocyma plicata'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Raphitoma plicatella'' Bellardi, 1847 †: synonym of '' Bela plicatella'' (Bellardi, 1847) † (original combination) * ''Raphitoma powisiana'' Dautzenberg, 1887: synonym of '' Bela powisiana'' (Dautzenberg, 1887) (original combination) * † ''Raphitoma pseudoconcinna'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † '' Daphnella pseudoconcinna'' (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma pulchella'' Adams & Angas, 1863: synonym of '' Daphnella harrisoni'' (Tenison-Woods, 1878) * ''Raphitoma pumila'' (Monterosato, 1890): synonym of ''Raphitoma echinata pumila'' Monterosato, 1890 * ''Raphitoma punctatus'' Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Raphitoma purpurea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma pungens'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of '' Raphitoma horrida'' (Monterosato, 1884) * ''Raphitoma radula'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Raphitoma reconditum'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Bela nuperrima'' (Tiberi, 1855) * ''Raphitoma reticulata'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Raphitoma echinata'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Raphitoma reticulata'' Renier, 1804: synonym of '' Raphitoma echinata'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Raphitoma rissoi'' Locard, 1886: synonym of '' Mangelia costulata'' Risso, 1826 * ''Raphitoma rosea'' Brusina, 1866: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Raphitoma sandrii'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''Mangiliella sandrii'' (Brusina, 1865): synonym of '' Mangelia sandrii'' (Brusina, 1865) (original combination) * † ''Raphitoma scacchii'' Hörn., 1848: synonym of '' Raphitoma philberti'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Raphitoma scacchii'' De Casa & Hallgass, 1979: synonym of '' Leufroyia concinna'' (Scacchi, 1836) * ''Raphitoma septentrionalis'' Locard, 1892: synonym of '' Raphitoma echinata'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Raphitoma septenvillei'' Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913: synonym of ''Bela septenvillei'' (Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913): synonym of '' Bela nebula'' (Montagu, 1803) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma servaini'' (Locard, 1891): synonym of '' Raphitoma oblonga'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * ''Raphitoma strictum'' Locard, 1891: synonym of ''Mangelia smithii'' (Forbes, 1840): synonym of '' Mangelia costulata'' Risso, 1826 * ''Raphitoma substriolata'' Harmer, 1918: synonym of '' Mangelia costulata'' Risso, 1826 (dubious synonym) * ''Raphitoma syracusanum'' Blainville, 1829: synonym of '' Raphitoma cordieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * † ''Raphitoma textilis'' (Brocchi, 1814): synonym of † ''

Rimosodaphnella textilis ''Rimosodaphnella textilis'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. Description The shell reaches a length of 16 mm, its diameter of 5.5 mm.The shell is subulately turreted, longitud ...

'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Raphitoma tricolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Cyrillia linearis'' (Montagu, 1803 * † ''Raphitoma turtaudierei'' Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018: synonym of † '' Leufroyia turtaudierei'' (Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma variegatum'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Raphitoma philberti'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Raphitoma versicolor'' Scacchi, 1836: synonym of '' Raphitoma philberti'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Raphitoma villaria'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008: synonym of '' Leufroyia villaria'' (Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma zamponorum'' Horro, Rolán & Gori, 2019: synonym of '' Cyrillia zamponorum'' (Horro, Gori & Rolán, 2019) (original combination) * ''Raphitoma zonalis'' Delle Chiaje, 1830: synonym of '' Leufroyia leufroyi'' (Michaud, 1828) * ''Raphitoma zonatum'' Locard, 1891: synonym of '' Bela zonata'' (Locard, 1891) (original combination)

References

* Howson, C.M.; Picton, B.E. (Ed.) (1997). ''The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas''. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. . vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Terlizzi, A.; Scuderi, D.; Fraschetti, S.; Anderson, M.J. (2005). ''Quantifying effects of pollution on biodiversity: a case study of highly diverse molluscan assemblages in the Mediterranean''. Mar. Biol. 148(2): 293-305 * Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli & Oliverio, Revisione delle Raphitomidae mediterranee 1: su Raphitoma contigua (Monterosato, 1884) e Raphitoma spadiana n. sp., speciesorelle (Gastropoda, Conoidea); Sociedad Espanola de Malacologia - Iberus, 30 (1): 41-52, 2012

External links

Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli, Francesco Pusateri, Stefano Bartolini; A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae, 8: on two poorly known species of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847: R. pumila (Monterosato, 1890) and R. hispidella nomen novum (Gastropoda Conoidea); Biodiversity Journal, 2019

Fassio, Giulia, et al. "An assessment of Raphitoma and allied genera (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies (2019)
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{{Taxonbar , from=Q3168177 Gastropod genera