Jacques Raphaël Lépine (6 July 1840 – 17 November 1919) was a French

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical ...

who was a native of

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...

Biography

From 1860 he served as interne to the hospitals of Lyon, and later moved to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

, where from 1865 he also worked as a hospital intern. In Paris he was a student of

Jean-Martin Charcot Jean-Martin Charcot (; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is known a ...

(1825–1893). Afterwards, he continued his education at the universities of

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

(1867) and

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

(1869). At Karl Ludwig's laboratory in

he performed important studies on the

vasomotor Vasomotor refers to actions upon a blood vessel which alter its diameter. More specifically, it can refer to vasodilator action and vasoconstrictor action. Control Sympathetic innervation Sympathetic nerve fibers travel around the tunica media of ...

nerves of the

tongue The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste bu ...

. In 1870 he obtained his doctorate in Paris with a dissertation titled "''De l'hémiplégie pneumonique''". In Paris he successively became ''chef de clinique'' (1872), ''médecin des hôpitaux'' (1874) and agrégé at the Paris faculty (1875). In 1877 he was appointed professor at the medical clinic of the newly established medical faculty in Lyons. Raphaël Lépine is known for his investigations in

experimental medicine An experimental drug is a medicinal product (a drug or vaccine) that has not yet received approval from governmental regulatory authorities for routine use in human or veterinary medicine. A medicinal product may be approved for use in one disea ...

, that included extensive research involving glycolysis and the

pathophysiology Pathophysiology ( physiopathology) – a convergence of pathology with physiology – is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is t ...

diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ...

. He was the brother of

Louis Lépine Louis Jean-Baptiste Lépine (1846 - 1933) was a lawyer, politician and inventor who was Préfet de Police with the Paris Police Prefecture from 1893 to 1897 and again from 1899 to 1913. He earned the nickname of "The Little Man with the Big Stick ...

, Prefect of Police for the Seine from 1893 to 1897 and again from 1899 to 1913.

Selected writings

* ''Sur un cas d'abcès d'un des lobes antérieurs du cerveau''; Abscess of the

anterior lobe The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. Inputs into the anterior lobe of the cerebellum are mainly from the spinal cord. It is sometimes equated to the "paleocerebellum ...

s of the brain * ''De l'hémiplégie pneumonique'' (1870) --- On pneumonic

hemiplegia Hemiparesis, or unilateral paresis, is weakness of one entire side of the body ('' hemi-'' means "half"). Hemiplegia is, in its most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body. Hemiparesis and hemiplegia can be caused by different medic ...

* ''De la localisation dans les maladies cérébrales'' (1875) --- Localization in brain diseases * ''Additions à la traduction francaise du Traité des maladies des reins de Bartels'' (1884) --- Additions to the French translation of the treatise on

kidney disease Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can ...

s by

Karl Heinrich Christian Bartels Karl Heinrich Christian Bartels (1822 – 1878) was a German internist and pathologist, known for research of kidney disorders. Bartels was born on 25 September 1822 at Meilsdorf, Duchy of Holstein. He studied medicine and sciences at the ...

. * ''Le Ferment glycolytique et la pathogénie du diabète'' (1891) --- The glycolytic ferment and pathogenesis of diabetes * ''Influence de la faradisation des nerfs du pancréas sur la glycolyse'' (1899) * ''Le diabète et son traitement'' (1899) --- Diabetes and its treatment * ''Le diabète non compliqué et son traitement'' (1905) * ''Les complications du diabète et leur traitement'' (1906) --- Diabetic complications and treatment * ''Le Sucre virtuel du sang'' (1910) with R. Boulud --- The virtual

blood sugar Glycaemia, also known as blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood of humans or other animals. Approximately 4 grams of glucose, a simple sugar, is present in the blo ...

* ''Sur la résorption du sucre par les tubes du rein'' (1911) --- On the absorption of sugar by the tubes of the

kidney The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; bloo ...

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References

Pagel: Biographical Dictionary
(translated biography)

(biography of Raphaël Lépine, in French) {{DEFAULTSORT:Lepine, Raphael French physiologists 1840 births 1919 deaths Physicians from Lyon Academic staff of the University of Lyon