Raphaël Bretton (7 February 1920 – 20 February 2011) was a French set decorator. He won an

Oscar Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People and fictional and mythical characters * Oscar (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters named Oscar, Óscar or Oskar * Oscar (footballer, born 1954), Brazilian footballer ...

and was nominated for three more in the category Best Art Direction.

Biography

He was born Raphaël Gaston Beugnon in Paris, France. During World War II he fled to England, and in 1943 was recruited into the

Special Operations Executive Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British organisation formed in 1940 to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in German-occupied Europe and to aid local Resistance during World War II, resistance movements during World War II. ...

(SOE). His evaluations during training where not promising. His instructors considered him "soft", "petulant" and "prone to bouts of childish temper". He was eventually transferred to the American

Office of Strategic Services The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the first intelligence agency of the United States, formed during World War II. The OSS was formed as an agency of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines ...

(OSS) and commissioned into the United States Naval Reserve with the rank of lieutenant. In April 1944, Beugnon and two other agents were parachuted into northern France. Their mission, codenamed "Beggar", recruited more than 90 agents to operate in the

Oise Oise ( ; ; ) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.< ...

department, north-west of Paris. Prior to the D-Day landings they carried out sabotage attacks on German railway traffic and communications lines. Later, as Allied troops approached Paris, they discovered a large force of German tanks hidden in woodlands and called in air strikes to destroy them. Beugnon was subsequently awarded the French '' Croix de Guerre'' and the American Distinguished Service Cross. His citation read in part:

He displayed much ingenuity and daring, as when, on one occasion, he recovered an unexploded aerial bomb, transported it to a bridge, and used the explosive for partially demolishing that target. Beugnon's intrepid actions, personal bravery and zealous devotion to duty exemplify the highest traditions of the military forces of the United States.

Post-war he was sent to Hollywood to act as a technical advisor to the makers of the film '' O.S.S.'', starring Alan Ladd. He decided to stay in the United States, adopted the name Raphael Bretton, and worked as a set designer in films and television. Bretton died in Green Valley, Arizona, on 20 February 2011.

Selected filmography

Bretton won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction and was nominated for three more: ;Won * '' Hello, Dolly!'' (1969) ;Nominated * '' Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte'' (1964) * '' The Poseidon Adventure'' (1972) * '' The Towering Inferno'' (1974)

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bretton, Raphael 1920 births 2011 deaths French set decorators Best Art Direction Academy Award winners Film people from Paris French expatriates in the United Kingdom French Special Operations Executive personnel People of the Office of Strategic Services Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)