Raoul Dufy (; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

associated with the Fauvist movement. He gained recognition for his vibrant and decorative style, which became popular in various forms, such as

textile Textile is an Hyponymy and hypernymy, umbrella term that includes various Fiber, fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, Staple (textiles)#Filament fiber, filaments, Thread (yarn), threads, and different types of #Fabric, fabric. ...

designs, and public building decorations. Dufy is most remembered for his artwork depicting outdoor social gatherings. In addition to painting, he was skilled in various other fields, including

drawing Drawing is a Visual arts, visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface, or a digital representation of such. Traditionally, the instruments used to make a drawing include pencils, crayons, and ink pens, some ...

printmaking Printmaking is the process of creating work of art, artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand proces ...

, book

illustration An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, vi ...

scenic design Scenic design, also known as stage design or set design, is the creation of scenery for theatrical productions including Play (theatre), plays and Musical theatre, musicals. The term can also be applied to film and television productions, wher ...

, furniture design, and planning public spaces.

Biography

Early life

Dufy was born 3 June 1877 in

Le Havre Le Havre is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Seine, river Seine on the English Channel, Channe ...

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

, the second of eleven children, to Léon Marius Dufy, an accountant in a steel manufacturing company and talented musician, and Marie Eugénie Ida Dufy (

née The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...

Lemonnier), originally from Honfleur, Normandy. Among his siblings was Jean Dufy, who would also become an artist later in life. At age 14, Dufy left school to work for a coffee-importing company. In 1895, at age 18, he began taking evening art classes at

École des Beaux-Arts ; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centu ...

, taught by Charles Lhuillier, a former student of the French portrait painter Ingres. There he met Raimond Lecourt and Othon Friesz, with whom he later shared a studio in

Montmartre Montmartre ( , , ) is a large hill in Paris's northern 18th arrondissement of Paris, 18th arrondissement. It is high and gives its name to the surrounding district, part of the Rive Droite, Right Bank. Montmartre is primarily known for its a ...

and maintained a lifelong friendship. During this period, Dufy primarily painted Norman landscapes in watercolors. In 1900, after a year of military service, Dufy won a scholarship to the

École Nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts École or Ecole may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in nor ...

in Paris, where he again crossed paths with Othon Friesz (who was also there when

Georges Braque Georges Braque ( ; ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century List of French artists, French painter, Collage, collagist, Drawing, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with ...

was studying). Dufy focused on improving his drawing skills, influenced by impressionist landscape painters such as

Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (, ; ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of Impressionism painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. During his ...

and Camille Pissarro. His first exhibition was in 1901, at the Exhibition of French Artists. Dufy was introduced to Berthe Weill in 1902 and showed his work in her gallery. He exhibited again in 1903, at the

Salon des Indépendants Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments * French term for a drawing room A drawing room is a room in a house where visitors may be entertained, and an alternative name for a living room. The name i ...

. His work gained some notable recognition when artist

Maurice Denis Maurice Denis (; 25 November 1870 – 13 November 1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with '' Les Nabis'', symbolism, ...

bought one of his paintings. Dufy continued to paint, often in the vicinity of

, particularly on the beach at Sainte-Adresse, made famous by its association with artists Eugène Boudin and

. In 1904, he worked in Fécamp, on the

English Channel The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...

(La Manche), with his friend

Albert Marquet Albert Marquet (; 27 March 1875 – 14 June 1947) was a French painter. He initially became one of the Fauve painters and a lifelong friend of Henri Matisse. Marquet subsequently painted in a more naturalistic style, primarily landscapes, bu ...

Later years

Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual arts, visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a drawing, draughtsman, printmaking, printmaker, ...

's '' Luxe, Calme et Volupté'', which Dufy saw at the Salon des Independents in 1905, directed his interests towards

Fauvism Fauvism ( ) is a style of painting and an art movement that emerged in France at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the style of (, ''the wild beasts''), a group of modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong col ...

. ''Les Fauves'' (the wild beasts) emphasized bright color and bold contours in their work. Dufy's painting reflected this aesthetic until about 1909 when contact with the work of

Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation, influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century a ...

led him to adopt a subtler technique. However, it was not until 1920, after he had dabbled in another style,

Cubism Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broke ...

, that Dufy developed his own distinctive approach. This distinctive style encompassed the arrangement of skeletal structures using foreshortened perspective, coupled with the application of rapid, thin color washes. This method later became recognized as ''

stenographic Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek ''st ...

''. In his oils and watercolors, he frequently depicted contemporary scenes, including yachting events, elegant social gatherings, and views of the

French Riviera The French Riviera, known in French as the (; , ; ), is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the Alpes-Maritimes department, extending fr ...

. For the 1937 Exposition Internationale in Paris, Dufy produced ''"La Fée Electricité,"'' one of the largest paintings of its time, an expansive and widely acclaimed work celebrating electricity, executed in oil on plywood. Dufy also acquired a reputation as an illustrator and commercial artist. He painted murals for public buildings and produced a significant number of tapestries and ceramic designs. His plates appear in books by

Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (; ; born Kostrowicki; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist and art critic of Poland, Polish descent. Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the ...

Stéphane Mallarmé Stéphane Mallarmé ( , ; ; 18 March 1842 – 9 September 1898), pen name of Étienne Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French Symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools o ...

and André Gide. In 1909, Dufy was commissioned by Paul Poiret to design stationery for the house. After 1912, he designed textile patterns for Bianchini-Ferier, which were used for garments worn by Poiret and Charvet. Th
Bois de Boulogne
is a dress that was designed by Paul Poiret, textile design by Dufy, and textile manufactured by Bianchini-Ferier. Dufy had a bold and graphic design approach that reflected Paul Poirets' personal preference and style. Both, Poiret and Dufy, would come together many times to create many new designs. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Dufy exhibited at the annual Salon des Tuileries in Paris. By 1950, his ability to paint was diminished when his hands were impaired by

rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects synovial joint, joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and h ...

and he had to fasten a brush to his hand to work. In April he went to

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

to undergo an experimental treatment with

cortisone Cortisone is a pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone. It is a naturally-occurring corticosteroid metabolite that is also used as a pharmaceutical prodrug. Cortisol is converted by the action of the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase ...

and corticotropin, based on the work of Philip S. Hench. It proved successful, and some of his next works were dedicated to the doctors and researchers in the United States. In 1952 he received the grand prize for painting in the 26th

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...

. Dufy died of intestinal bleeding at Forcalquier, France, on 23 March 1953, likely the result of his continuous treatment. He was buried near Matisse in the Cimiez Monastery Cemetery in Cimiez, a suburb of the city of

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million Metropolitan Museum Of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

, Chicago, IL, USA *

Museum Of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, New York *

Centre Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the (), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English and colloquially as Beaubourg, is a building complex in Paris, France. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of ...

, Paris *

Art Gallery of Ontario The Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO; ) is an art museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located on Dundas Street, Dundas Street West in the Grange Park (neighbourhood), Grange Park neighbourhood of downtown Toronto, the museum complex takes up of phys ...

, Ontario, Canada * Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI, USA * McNay Art Museum, TX, USA * Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, Paris, France * Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice, Nice, France * Museum de Fundatie,

Zwolle Zwolle () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the Capital city, capital of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Overijssel ...

, Netherlands * National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., USA * Unterlinden Museum, Colmar, France ('' Pink Nude'', 1930) * Van Abbemuseum, Netherlands * Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA, USA

Selected works

File:Dufy Les Allies.jpg, ''Les Alliés'' (1914) File:Raoul Dufy, 1914, Le Cavalier arabe (Le Cavalier blanc), oil on canvas, 66 x 81 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris...jpg, ''Le Cavalier arabe (Le Cavalier blanc)'' (1914), Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris File:Hotel Sube.jpg, ''Hotel Sube'' (1926), The Phillips Collection File:DufyRaoul RegattaAtCowes.jpg, ''Regatta at Cowes'' (1934), National Gallery of Art File:Street Decked with Flags by Raoul Dufy (1906).jpg, "Street Decked with Flags" (1906),

, exhibited at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts File:Thirty Years, or La Vie en Rose by Raoul Dufy (1931).jpg, ''Thirty Years, or La Vie en Rose'' (1931), Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

Works

''Hommage à Mozart''
, (Web Gallery Private Art Collection)
''Le 14 juillet au Havre, rue pavoisée''
, (1906, Web Gallery Private Art Collection) *'' Trees in L'Estaque'', 1908 oil on canvas painting *French modern art exhibition 193
treasure 3 National Library of Latvia
displayed via The European Library
Works by Raoul Dufy
(public domain in Canada)
Raoul Dufy's artworks in context, Museum of modern art André Malraux

Illustrations

Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau ( , ; ; 5 July 1889 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, film director, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost avant-garde artists of the 20th-c ...

, Bertrand Guégan (1892-1943); ''L'almanach de Cocagne pour l'an 1920-1922, Dédié aux vrais Gourmands Et aux Francs Buveurs''^ Princeton University (14 June 2017). "Edison turns up in Paris". Retrieved 2022-01-12. ^ Tourlonias, Anne (1998). ''Raoul Dufy, l'œuvre en soie'' (in French). Avignon: Barthelemy. p. 41. . Le 1er mar 1912, Raoul Dufy et Charles Bianchini signent le contrat. ^ Hay, Susan (1999). ''From Paris to Providence, Fashion, Art and the Tirocchi Dressmakers' Shop, 1915–1947 ("Modernism in Fabric: Art and the Tirocchi Textiles")''. Rhode Island School of Design. ^ ''Raoul Dufy: Paintings, Drawings, Illustrated Books, Mural Decorations, Aubusson Tapestries, Fabric Designs and Fabrics for Bianchini-Férier, Paul Poiret Dresses, Ceramics, Posters, Theatre Designs''. London: Arts Council of Great Britain. 1983. p. 106. ^ Harris JC (2010-04-01). "LA cortisone". ''Archives of General Psychiatry''. 67 (4): 317. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.29.

ISSN An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit to uniquely identify a periodical publication (periodical), such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs a ...

0003-990X. PMID 20368507. ^ health.com. "11 Famous People With Rheumatoid Arthritis". Archived from the original on 2013-04-06, retrieved 2013-02-23. ^ McNay Art Museum (2014). "McNay Collection: Raoul Dufy". Mcnayart.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016. ^ Notice ''WorldCat''; sudoc; BnF. Engraved on wood and unpublished drawings of Matisse, J. Marchand, R. Dufy, Sonia Lewitska, de Segonzac, Jean Émile Laboureur, Friesz, Marquet, Pierre Laprade, Signac, Louis Latapie,

Suzanne Valadon Suzanne Valadon (; 23 September 1865 – 7 April 1938) was a French painter who was born Marie-Clémentine Valadon at Bessines-sur-Gartempe, Haute-Vienne, France. In 1894, Valadon became the first woman painter admitted to the . She was also the ...

, Henriette Tirman and others.´

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dufy, Raoul 1877 births 1953 deaths 19th-century French painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists French cubist artists Fauvism French male painters French Impressionist painters French modern painters French Orientalist painters Artists from Le Havre Painters from Normandy People of Montmartre School of Paris 19th-century French male artists