Randall Jay Amster (born September 5, 1965) is an American author, activist, and educator in areas including
peace
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. ...
,
ecology
Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overl ...
,
homelessness
Homelessness or houselessness – also known as a state of being unhoused or unsheltered – is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and adequate housing. People can be categorized as homeless if they are:
* living on the streets, also kn ...
, and anarchism. He is the co-director of the Environmental Studies program at
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private university, private research university in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789 as Georg ...
, and writes for outlets ranging from academic journals to online news media.
Amster has worked as an
attorney
Attorney may refer to:
* Lawyer
** Attorney at law, in some jurisdictions
* Attorney, one who has power of attorney
* ''The Attorney'', a 2013 South Korean film
See also
* Attorney general, the principal legal officer of (or advisor to) a gove ...
,
judicial clerk
A law clerk or a judicial clerk is a person, generally someone who provides direct counsel and assistance to a lawyer or judge by researching issues and drafting legal opinions for cases before the court. Judicial clerks often play significant r ...
, university lecturer and academic administrator during his professional career.
Career
In 2001, Amster was hired to teach
Peace Studies
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. ...
at
Prescott College
Prescott College is a private college in Prescott, Arizona.
History
In 1965, the Ford Foundation brought together a group of educators from around the United States. Prescott College was the result of this gathering.
The college was originall ...
in
Arizona
Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States. It is the list of U.S. states and territories by area, 6th largest and the list of U.S. states and territories by population, 14 ...
, where he worked as a faculty member and program chair until June 2013. In 2008, he began serving as the Executive Director of the
Peace and Justice Studies Association
The Peace and Justice Studies Association (PJSA) is a non-profit organization headquartered at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.
It was created following increased interest in peace-building after the September 11th attacks in USA, and ...
(PJSA). He is the editor of the association’s newsletter, ''The Peace Chronicle'', among other duties. Amster also serves on the editorial advisory boards for academic journals including the '' Contemporary Justice Review'', the ''
Journal of Sustainability Education
A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to:
*Bullet journal, a method of personal organization
* Diary, a record of what happened over the course of a day or other period
*Daybook, also known as a general journal, ...
'', and the ''
Asian Journal of Peacebuilding
Asian may refer to:
* Items from or related to the continent of Asia:
** Asian people, people in or descending from Asia
** Asian culture, the culture of the people from Asia
** Asian cuisine, food based on the style of food of the people from Asi ...
'', In August 2013, Amster became the director of the Program on Justice and Peace at
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private university, private research university in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789 as Georg ...
, where he presently teaches.
Activism
During his time at Arizona State University, Amster was engaged in a number of well-reported and controversial activist endeavors. He led an effort to overturn an ordinance making it a criminal offense to sit on the local sidewalks, arguing the case before a
federal judge Federal judges are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state/provincial/local level.
United States
A US federal judge is appointed by the US President and confirmed by the US Senate in accordance with Article 3 of ...
and winning an injunction against enforcement of the law before it was overturned on appeal.
Amster organized "
sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to m ...
" demonstrations against the ordinance, which he argued was aimed primarily at the local homeless population. He also helped to spearhead a successful campaign to preserve one of the last remaining open spaces in downtown
Tempe, Arizona
, settlement_type = City
, named_for = Vale of Tempe
, image_skyline = Tempeskyline3.jpg
, imagesize = 260px
, image_caption = Tempe skyline as s ...
. These efforts resulted in a number of articles, editorials, and interviews about his work – including an extensive ''
Phoenix New Times
''Phoenix New Times'' is a free digital and print media company based in Phoenix, Arizona. ''New Times'' publishes daily online coverage of local news, restaurants, music and arts, as well as longform narrative journalism. A weekly print issue ...
'' portrayal in 2000 and also formed the basis for his doctoral dissertation, which subsequently yielded two books on these themes of
public space
A public space is a place that is open and accessible to the general public. Roads (including the pavement), public squares, parks, and beaches are typically considered public space. To a limited extent, government buildings which are open t ...
and
nonviolence
Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosoph ...
.
He was featured in
Jeff Ferrell
Jeffrey Alan Ferrell (born November 23, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers in 2015 and 2017.
Career Detroit Tigers
Ferrell attended Emsley A. Laney High Scho ...
's 2001 book ''Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy'' as a practitioner of nonviolent "anarchist direct action" in the effort to "reclaim public space" in downtown Tempe.
Amster, a critic of military adventurism and an interventionist foreign policy, has been a vocal opponent of the wars in
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
and
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...
since their inception; he was part of a local group engaging in
civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a stat ...
when the
Iraq War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق ( Kurdish)
, partof = the Iraq conflict and the War on terror
, image ...
began in March 2003, resulting in a trial later that year during which he acted as lead attorney for the group as they invoked a "
necessity defense
In the criminal law of many nations, necessity may be either a possible justification or an exculpation for breaking the law. Defendants seeking to rely on this defense argue that they should not be held liable for their actions as a crime ...
" in light of their assertion of the war's illegality under
international law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...
.
He engaged in
grassroots
A grassroots movement is one that uses the people in a given district, region or community as the basis for a political or economic movement. Grassroots movements and organizations use collective action from the local level to effect change at t ...
Gulf Coast
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Missis ...
Food Not Bombs
Food Not Bombs (FNB) is a loose-knit group of independent collectives, sharing free vegan and vegetarian food with others. The group believes that corporate and government priorities are skewed to allow hunger to persist in the midst of abunda ...
and local collectives in the region. Amster has worked with the Catalyst Infoshop in
Prescott, Arizona
Prescott ( ) is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 United States census, 2020 Census, the city's population was 45,827. The city is the county seat of Yavapai County.
In 1864, Presc ...
, and was part of a group that supported founder Bill Rodgers during the course of his arrest, prosecution, and eventual death in jail in December 2005 on charges of
ecoterrorist
Eco-terrorism is an act of violence which is committed in support of environmental causes, against people or property.
The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines eco-terrorism as "...the use or threatened use of violence o ...
arson
Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, wat ...
attacks.
From 2005 to 2007, Amster was part of a
legal observer
Legal observers are individuals, usually representatives of civilian human rights agencies, who attend public demonstrations, protests and other activities where there is a potential for conflict between the public or activists and the police, sec ...
initiative on the U.S.-Mexico border that monitored the activities of the
Minuteman Project
The Minuteman Project is an organization which was founded in the United States in August 2004 by a group of private individuals who sought to extrajudicially monitor the United States–Mexico border's flow of illegal immigrants. Founded by J ...
. In 2008, he received an award for Entertainment Program of the Year for hosting and producing a local television program on politics and culture, ''The Artist's Mind''.
Following the passage of Arizona's immigration law,
SB 1070
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070 and commonly referred to as Arizona SB 1070) is a 2010 legislative Act in the U.S. state of Arizona that was the broadest and strictest an ...
in April 2010, Amster began to refocus his activism. He authored a series of articles on Arizona, and helped spearhead an initiative that brought together more than a dozen academic and professional associations in issuing a joint statement condemning
SB 1070
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070 and commonly referred to as Arizona SB 1070) is a 2010 legislative Act in the U.S. state of Arizona that was the broadest and strictest an ...
and related state policies. After a federal judge blocked parts of
SB 1070
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070 and commonly referred to as Arizona SB 1070) is a 2010 legislative Act in the U.S. state of Arizona that was the broadest and strictest an ...
from taking effect in July 2010, Amster's editorial on the ruling was excerpted by ''
USA Today
''USA Today'' (stylized in all uppercase) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15, 1982, the newspaper operates from Gannett's corporate headquarters in Tysons, Virg ...
''. His editorial argued that "there is a sense of vindication and relief on the part of many who have been working for justice in regard to immigration issues." In the ensuing months, he continued to write on related topics.
Writing and scholarship
Amster's writing covers a range of topics and themes. His work on homelessness and public spaces have resulted in two books, including ''Lost in Space: The Criminalization, Globalization, and Urban Ecology of Homelessness'' (LFB Scholarly, 2008), which was called "a savvy look into local and global processes of neoliberalization, particularly as it transforms what it means to be a citizen" in a 2011 review appearing in ''
Antipode
Antipode or Antipodes may refer to:
Mathematics
* Antipodal point, the diametrically opposite point on a circle or ''n''-sphere, also known as an antipode
* Antipode, the convolution inverse of the identity on a Hopf algebra
Geography
* Antipode ...
: A Radical Journal of Geography''. An earlier co-edited volume, with Pat Lauderdale, focusing on issues of injustice and inequality, was published in 1997. A later co-edited work, with Elavie Ndura, focused on the theme of "building cultures of peace," and was released by
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Cambridge Scholars Publishing (CSP) is an academic book publisher based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is not affiliated with the University of Cambridge or Cambridge University Press.
The company publishes in health science, life scienc ...
in 2009. Amster was also part of the editorial collective that produced ''Contemporary Anarchist Studies'', published by
Routledge
Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, ...
in 2009 and recipient of the Critics Choice Award that year for "recent scholarship deemed to be outstanding in its field" by the American Educational Studies Association. The sole-authored book ''Anarchism Today'' was published by Praeger in 2012 and was described by the ''Philadelphia City Paper'' as "a much-needed contemporary read."
Amster is also the author of numerous journal articles and book chapters on various subjects.
social movements
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or ...
,
critical pedagogy
Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that developed and applied concepts from critical theory and related traditions to the field of education and the study of culture.
It insists that issues of social justice and d ...
,
eco-terrorism
Eco-terrorism is an act of violence which is committed in support of environmental causes, against people or property.
The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines eco-terrorism as "...the use or threatened use of violence ...
,
border
Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political bo ...
Peace Ecology The term peace ecology has been used by Christos Kyrou of American University to describe a proposed theoretical framework that is intended to provide "''a better understanding, of the inherent capacities of the environment to inform and sustain pe ...
. In addition, he is a frequent
blog
A blog (a truncation of "weblog") is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order ...
ger and op-ed columnist, writing on similar themes in venues including online media such as ''
The Huffington Post
''HuffPost'' (formerly ''The Huffington Post'' until 2017 and sometimes abbreviated ''HuffPo'') is an American progressive news website, with localized and international editions. The site offers news, satire, blogs, and original content, and ...
'' Amster's work continues to focus on social and ecological issues.
Amster launched an initiative in January 2011 called "New Clear Vision" (NCV), a website where Amster serves as a Contributing Editor, and includes Devon G. Pena,
Jay Walljasper
Jay Walljasper (died 22 December 2020) was an American writer, editor, speaker, and community consultant. He explored how new ideas in urban planning, placemaking, tourism, community development, sustainability, politics and culture could alte ...
,
Pat LaMarche
Patricia Helen LaMarche (born November 26, 1960) is an American political figure and activist with the Green Party of the United States; she was the party's vice-presidential candidate in the 2004 United States presidential election, with Dav ...
,
David Swanson
David Swanson is an American anti-war activist, blogger and author. He currently resides in Virginia and is the Executive Director of World Beyond War.
Education
Swanson obtained a Master of Philosophy degree from the University of Virginia in ...
Robert C. Koehler
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...
among its regular contributors. The site's stated intention is "to advance a multiplicity of views on what people are standing ''for'', rather than merely highlighting what they’re ''against''," and seeks to foster "a constructive take on politics, ecology, economy, community, family, culture, and current events."