Ramuntcho (Pierné)
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incidental music Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, or some other presentation form that is not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as th ...
for ''Ramuntcho'' was written by
Gabriel Pierné Henri Constant Gabriel Pierné (16 August 1863 – 17 July 1937) was a French composer, conductor, pianist and organist. Biography Gabriel Pierné was born in Metz. His family moved to Paris, after Metz and part of Lorraine were annexed to Germ ...
in 1908 for a staged version of
Pierre Loti Pierre Loti (; pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud ; 14 January 1850 – 10 June 1923) was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.This article is derived largely from the ''Encyclopædia Britannica Ele ...
's 1897 novel ''
Ramuntcho ''Ramuntcho'' (1897) is a novel by French author Pierre Loti. It is a love and adventure story about contraband runners in the Basque province of France. It is one of Loti's most popular stories—"love, loss and faith remain eternal themes"—wi ...
'', which was presented at the Théâtre de l'Odéon in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
. In 1910, Pierné arranged the music into two orchestral suites.


Structure of the music

Although the composition is melancholic, like
Basque music Basque music refers to the music made in the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country, reflecting traits related to its society/tradition, and devised by people from that territory. While traditionally more closely associated to rural base ...
in general, one of the main characters of these suites is the quintuple rhythm of the zortziko, which appears in the first half of the ''Overture'' and the latter part of the ''Rapsodie''. The structure of the suites is as follows:


Suite No. 1


Suite No. 2


The production

The play takes place in the French Basque Country, and describes its scenery and its way of life. But above all it is about its young hero, Ramuntcho. The turning point in a not very eventful story comes when Ramuntcho, smuggler and pelota champion, returns to his village after three years of military service and finds that Gracieuse, whom he was expecting to marry in spite of her mother's opposition, has been coerced into entering a convent. And there, in spite of Ramuntcho's efforts, she stays. In the last scene, Gracieuse is challenged by her Mother Superior to make the choice between God and her lover, applying so much emotional pressure that the young nun drops dead under the stress of it. Pierné's incidental music contributed significantly to the success of the production. It was greeted at the time as ‘full of the conflicting languor, passion and religious fervour of the Basque Country’, and supplied much of the local colour so lovingly described in the novel but difficult to represent on the stage. The ''Overture'' to the play, which opens Suite No. 1, the first of two orchestral suites drawn from the Ramuntcho music in 1910, is a demonstration of how seriously and at the same time how entertainingly Pierné set about creating an authentically Basque backdrop. Rather than designing a unified symphonic construction, he put together a sequence of episodes each with a rhythmically distinctive zortzico in time, its own Basque material. The overture is followed by the serene, delicate and atmospheric ''Gracieuse’s Garden''. It is set where Ramuntcho and the chaste Gracieuse had their secret meetings, is an idyllic inspiration featuring an expressive exchange between two flutes. On his return to the village from military service he finds her mother Franchita close to death – an event anticipated in ''Franchita’s Room'', which is chilling in its minor harmonies on muted horns, dark in its bassoon and cello colours, desolate in a solo viola's musing on a Basque lament. Ramuntcho and Gracieuse also used to meet at village dances such as that represented here by a fandango with picturesque interventions from a pair of piccolos and a drum echoing the pipe-and-tabor bands of the region. Suite No. 2 begins with the ''Cider House'' which reflects the conviviality of the place where Ramuntcho and his smuggler companions would plot their sorties into Spain and, no doubt, entertain themselves with folk tunes like the two introduced separately at first and combined in the closing bars. ''The Convent'' is a contrastingly ethereal piece reflecting in its scoring for muted strings the rarefied atmosphere of the nunnery and, with the entry of an ancient Basque canticle on woodwind, anticipating the death of Gracieuse. At the end of the second suite the ''Basque Rhapsody'' balances the “Overture on Basque Tunes” at the beginning of the first. But, while it too is constructed in episodes each with its own Basque tune, it conforms to her rhapsody type by beginning unhurriedly and gradually increasing in speed. The central highlight is another zortzico, this one introduced by piccolo and oboe over an ostinato rhythm on a traditional Basque drum. The exhilarating ending is based on the unofficial Basque anthem ''Gernikako arbola''.


Recordings

The latest recording of these suites (2011) was by the
BBC Philharmonic Orchestra The BBC Philharmonic is a national British broadcasting symphony orchestra and is one of five radio orchestras maintained by the British Broadcasting Corporation. The Philharmonic is a department of the BBC North Group division based at Media ...
led by
Juanjo Mena Juanjo Mena (born Juan José Mena; born 21 September 1965) is a Spanish conductor. Biography Mena was born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the Basque Country, where he began his music studies at the Vitoria-Gasteiz Conservatory. He later attended the ...
, for
Chandos Records Chandos Records is a British independent classical music recording company based in Colchester. It was founded in 1979 by Brian Couzens.Concerts Colonne, Colonne Orchestra; it was reissued on CD in a compilation on Pierné's recordings by Malibran Records.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramuntcho (Pierne) Incidental music Basque music Compositions by Gabriel Pierné 1908 compositions Orchestral suites Adaptations of works by Pierre Loti