Rampover Angle
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Breakover angle or rampover angle is the maximum possible
supplementary angle In Euclidean geometry, an angle can refer to a number of concepts relating to the intersection of two straight lines at a point. Formally, an angle is a figure lying in a plane formed by two rays, called the '' sides'' of the angle, sharing ...
(usually expressed in degrees) that a
vehicle A vehicle () is a machine designed for self-propulsion, usually to transport people, cargo, or both. The term "vehicle" typically refers to land vehicles such as human-powered land vehicle, human-powered vehicles (e.g. bicycles, tricycles, velo ...
, with at least one forward
wheel A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) that is intended to turn on an axle Bearing (mechanical), bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the Simple machine, six simple machin ...
and one rear wheel, can drive over without the
apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in Ameri ...
of that angle touching any point of the vehicle other than the wheels.Division of the Federal Register, United States: ''The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America'', page 447. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979. SAE J689: Cancelled AUG 2009 Curbstone Clearance, Approach, Departure, and Ramp Breakover Angles--Passenger Car and Light TruckSAE J1100 NOV 2009 Motor Vehicle Dimensions This definition is contingent upon the wheels being in continuous contact with the supporting surface(s). Breakover angle differs from
ground clearance Ride height or ground clearance is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the lowest point of the automobile, typically the bottom exterior of the differential housing (even though the lower shock mounting point may be l ...
, which is the shortest distance between the ground and lowest point on the vehicle.


Relevance

Breakover angle is a relevant performance metric in many common vehicle scenarios, including: *
Off-roading Off-roading is the act of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, dirt, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, or other natural terrain. Off-roading ranges from casual drives with regular vehicles to competitive events w ...
. * Loading a vehicle onto a higher surface with a ramp. * Going over raised railroad crossings. * Going over
speed bump Speed bumps (also called traffic thresholds, speed breakers or sleeping policemen) are a class of traffic calming devices that use vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order to improve safety conditions. Variations include the s ...
s * Going over
linkspan A linkspan or link-span is a type of drawbridge used mainly in the operation of moving vehicles on and off a roll-on/roll-off (RO-RO) vessel or ferry, particularly to allow for tidal changes in water level. Linkspans are usually found at ferry t ...
s and
ferry slip A ferry slip is a specialized docking facility that receives a ferryboat or train ferry. A similar structure called a barge slip receives a barge or car float that is used to carry wheeled vehicles across a body of water. Often a ferry intended ...
s If a vehicle drives over a breakover angle larger than what it is capable of clearing, the vehicle will contact the apex of the angle, which will quite likely prevent the vehicle from continuing any further in its direction of travel, possibly even completely immobilizing the vehicle.


Calculation

Assuming no tire deflection, and assuming an ideal breakover angle scenario (two flat surfaces coming to a point, a vehicle with the lowest point of the chassis located at its midsection, etc.), an ''approximation'' for the breakover angle of a vehicle can be calculated as follows: \text_ = 2 \cdot \arctan\left(\frac\right)


See also

*
Approach and departure angles Approach angle is the maximum angle of a ramp onto which a vehicle can climb from a horizontal plane without interference. It is defined as the angle between the ground and the line drawn between the front tire and the lowest-hanging part of the ...
*
Glossary of road transport terms Terminology related to road transport—the transport of passengers or goods on paved (or otherwise improved) routes between places—is diverse, with variation between dialects of English. There may also be regional differences within a single co ...
*
Overhang (automotive) Overhangs are the lengths of a road vehicle which extend beyond the wheelbase at the front and rear. They are normally described as front overhang and rear overhang. Practicality, style, and performance are affected by the size and weight of ove ...
*
Ride height Ride height or ground clearance is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the lowest point of the automobile, typically the bottom exterior of the differential housing (even though the lower shock mounting point may be l ...
* Vertical railway curves


References


External links

*HowStuffWorks
The Physics of Off-Roading
{{carDesign nav Automotive engineering