Raoul II de Tosny (c. 1027 - died 9 April 1102),
lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...
of
Conches-en-Ouche
Conches-en-Ouche (, literally ''Conches in Ouche'') is a commune in the Eure '' département'' in northern France.
Geography
It is located by the Rouloir river, southwest of Évreux in the Normandy region. The town is located on a plateau kn ...
, was a
Norman
Norman or Normans may refer to:
Ethnic and cultural identity
* The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries
** People or things connected with the Norma ...
nobleman of the
House of Tosny
The House of Tosny was an important noble family in 10th and 11th century Normandy, though it did not include any comtes or vicomtes. Its founder was Raoul I of Tosny (died after 1024).
Origin
The earliest account of the origin of the Tosny famil ...
, son of
Roger I of Tosny
Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania (died c. 1040) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia.
Career
Roger was the son of Raoul I of Tosny, seigneur de Conches. In 1013, Roger and his father guarde ...
and older brother of
Robert de Stafford
Robert de Stafford () (''alias'' Robert de Tosny/Toeni, etc.) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, a member of the House of Tosny and the first feudal baron of Stafford in Staffordshire in England, where he probably built a baronial castle. His man ...
/ Tosny. He was active in
Normandy
Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.
Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...
,
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
and
Wales
Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...
.
Before Hastings
Raoul was probably a minor when his father
Roger I of Tosny
Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania (died c. 1040) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia.
Career
Roger was the son of Raoul I of Tosny, seigneur de Conches. In 1013, Roger and his father guarde ...
was killed in battle, and spent his minority under
Richard of Evreux, who married his mother, Godehildis. At some point after 1054, Roger de Cleres, Ralph's vassal, killed Robert de Beaumont, son of
Humphrey de Vieilles, finally avenging the death of Raoul's father,
Roger I of Tosny
Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania (died c. 1040) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia.
Career
Roger was the son of Raoul I of Tosny, seigneur de Conches. In 1013, Roger and his father guarde ...
.
In 1054 Raoul participated in the
Battle of Mortemer
The Battle of Mortemer was a defeat for Henry I of France when he led an army against his vassal, William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy in 1054. William was eventually to become known as William the Conqueror after his successful invasion and ...
, probably as a standard-bearer of
Duke William
''Duke William'' was a ship which served as a troop transport at the Siege of Louisbourg and as a deportation ship in the Île Saint-Jean Campaign of the Expulsion of the Acadians during the Seven Years' War. While ''Duke William'' was transport ...
.
Around 1061 Raoul was exiled and deprived of his lands, together with Arnold d'Échaffour and Arnold's cousin
Hugh de Grandmesnil
Hugh de Grandmesnil (c. 1032 – 22 February 1098), (known in French as ''Hugues'' and Latinised as ''Hugo de Grentmesnil'', aliter ''Grentemesnil'', etc.), is one of the proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Bat ...
. They returned c.1063 thanks to the intercession of
Simon de Montfort-l'Amaury and Waleran de Breteuil-en-Beauvaisis.
Raoul married
Isabel de Conches, daughter of Simon, but is unclear if this was done before, during or after his exile.
Hastings (1066) and its aftermath
He is one of the few proven
companions of William the Conqueror
Companion may refer to:
Relationships Currently
* Any of several interpersonal relationships such as friend or acquaintance
* A domestic partner, akin to a spouse
* Sober companion, an addiction treatment coach
* Companion (caregiving), a caregive ...
known to have fought at the
Battle of Hastings
The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman Conquest of England. It took place appr ...
in 1066. Tradition says he gave up the role of
standard bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a colour-bearer or flag-bearer, is a person who bears an emblem known as a Standard (flag), standard or Military colours, standards and guidons, military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible ...
, his hereditary office, to Walter Giffard, in order to be able to fight closer to
William, duke of Normandy
William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was ...
.
After the conquest, Raoul held a significant amount of lands in England. His western lands were concentrated in
Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England, bordered by Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh ...
and
Worcestershire
Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England. It is bordered by Shropshire, Staffordshire, and the West Midlands (county), West ...
, while his eastern possessions were mainly in
Norfolk
Norfolk ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in England, located in East Anglia and officially part of the East of England region. It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to the north-west, the North Sea to the north and eas ...
. The timing of these acquisitions is unclear. Some of it came directly after the conquest, but other parts probably came after the death of
William FitzOsbern
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, Lord of Breteuil ( 1011 – 22 February 1071), was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror and one of the great magnates of early Norman England. FitzOsbern was created Earl of Hereford ...
in 1071 and the forfeiture of
Roger, earl of Hereford in 1075.
He was granted
Clifford Castle
Clifford Castle is a ruined castle in the village of Clifford which lies 2.5 miles to the north-east of Hay-on-Wye in the Wye Valley in Herefordshire, England (). It was the '' caput'' of the feudal barony of Clifford, a Marcher Lordship (owi ...
, and it is also believed that he held assets in the village of
Hose, Leicestershire
Hose is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Clawson, Hose and Harby, in the Borough of Melton and the county of Leicestershire, England. The town of Melton Mowbray is six miles (10 km) to the south.Hose Village websitRet ...
, which was split into two manors, Tosny's and that of the title holder of the Norman
Belvoir Castle
Belvoir Castle ( ) is a faux historic castle and stately home in Leicestershire, England, situated west of the town of Grantham and northeast of Melton Mowbray. A castle was first built on the site immediately after the Norman Conquest of 10 ...
. However, most of his activity can be traced to Normandy, and he is said to have participated in
Robert Curthose
Robert Curthose ( – February 1134, ), the eldest son of William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy as Robert II from 1087 to 1106.
Robert was also an unsuccessful pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of England. The epithet "Curthose" ...
's rebellion in 1078.
After
William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was D ...
's death in 1087, Raoul expelled the ducal garrisons from his castles, and fought for Robert Curthose in 1088. In 1090, he fought against
William of Breteuil
William of Breteuil or William de Breteuil (; . 12 January 1103) was a Norman magnate who held extensive lands in central Normandy as the lord of Breteuil at the end of the reign of King William I and during the chaotic period afterwards when ...
and his half-brother
William, Count of Évreux
William of Évreux or William d'Évreux (; died 18 April 1118) was a member of the House of Normandy who played an influential role during the Norman people, Norman Norman conquest of England, conquest of Anglo-Saxon England, England, one of the ...
, sealing a victory when he captured the former. He obtained 3000 livres and the recognition of his son Roger as the heir to both.
In the conflict of 1094, Raoul fought for William Rufus against Robert Curthose. After the death of William Rufus, Raoul and Count William attacked
Robert Beaumont. Raoul died in 1102 or 1103, and he was buried at the Abbey of Conches.
Family
Raoul married
Isabel of Conches
Isabel of Conches, (–1102) wife of Ralph of Tosny, rode armed like a knight during a conflict in northern France during the late 11th century and was born in Montfort sur Risle, Eure, Normandy, in 1057.
Early life
She was the daughter of Si ...
, daughter of
Simon I de Montfort
Simon I of Montfort or Simon de Montfort ( – 25 September 1087) was a French nobleman. He was born in Montfort l'Amaury, near Paris, and became its Seigneur, lord. He was the son of Amaury I de Montfort and Bertrade. At his death he was buried ...
. They had:
*Roger, died young.
*
Raoul III de Conches Raoul III of Tosny (1079-1126), Lord of Conches-en-Ouche (A commune in the Eure département in northern France), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny.
Life
Born in 1079, Raoul was the son of Raoul II of Tosny and Isabel de Montfort. ...
, married
Alice of Huntingdon, daughter of
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (, ) (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I.
Early life
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. ...
, and
Judith of Lens
Judith of Lens (born Normandy, between 1054 and 1055 - died Fotheringhay, c. 1090) was a niece of William the Conqueror. She was a daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy (Countess of Aumale), the sister of William the ...
.
*
Godehilde married
Baldwin I of Jerusalem
Baldwin I (1060s – 2 April 1118) was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100 and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine and married a Norman noblew ...
, accompanied him on crusade and died in 1097. Orderic Vitalis also mentions she died in Marasch in 1097.
Other sources also say she married
Robert de Neubourg
Robert I de Neubourg (died 1159) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat.
He was the fourth son of Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick, and inherited his father's Normandy lands, holding Neubourg (today Le Neubourg, near Louviers, Eure) from Waleran ...
, son of
Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick
Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick or Henry de Newburgh (died 20 June 1119) was a Norman nobleman who rose to great prominence in the Kingdom of England.
Origins
Henry was a younger son of Roger de Beaumont by Adeline of Meulan, daughter of ...
- William of Jumièges mentions this marriage and states that she was the daughter of 'Raoul II' de Tosny. Perhaps she married both men, unless William of Jumièges and others have made a mistake
[William of Jumièges - ''Histoire des Normands, par Guillaume de Jumiège. — Vie de Guillaume-Le-Conquérant, par Guillaume de Poitiers''. — published in 1826 within ''Collection des Mémoires Relatifs à l’histoire De France. Depuis la Fondation de la Monarchie Française jusqu’au 13e Siècle'', by M. Guizot, Professeur D’histoire Moderne A L’académie De Paris (Chez J.-L.-J. Brière, Libraire, Rue Saint-André-Des-Arts, No. 68). Page 308: "''Il prit pour femme la sœur de Roger du Ternois, fille de Raoul II, nommée Godechilde" (Note: William of Jumièges used the spelling 'de Ternois' and 'de Toëni' for the 'de Tosny' family)]
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
*
*
*183
*
*
*
*
*
1102 deaths
Anglo-Normans in Wales
Companions of William the Conqueror
Norman warriors
People from Flamstead
Year of birth unknown
1020s births
{{Normandy-stub