Acharya Rajendrasuri was a Svetambara Jain monk and reformer of monk traditions of the 19th century. He wrote many books on

Jainism Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current time cycle being ...

including ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'', a dictionary of

Prakrit The Prakrits (; sa, prākṛta; psu, 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀤, ; pka, ) are a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The term Prakrit is usu ...

defining 60,000 terms used in Jain works.

Early life

Acharya Rajendrasuri was born to businessman Rishabhadas Parakh and Keshardevi. His birth name was Ratna Raj. He was born on 3 December 1827. He had 1 sister and 1 brother at Bharatpur, Rajasthan.

Ascetic life

He was initiated as a Jain '' yati'' (a Jain monk who stays in the same place) by Hemavijay at Udaipur on Vaishakh Shukla 5 Vikram Samvat 1904 (in 1848 CE) and given a new name, Ratnavijay. He was the first yati initiated in the 19th century. Later his name was changed to Rajendrasuri upon his elevation to acharya rank. He studied under Pramodsuri and Jain yati monk Sagarchand. Dharanendrasuri, impressed by his scholarship, appointed him as his ''daftari''. Ratnavijay was disappointed with the luxurious life of Dharanendrasuri and left him in 1864 AD. Later he became the leader of Tapa Gaccha. He led a movement in 1880 to reform '' yati'' tradition at Jaora, resulting in near extinction of it. He opposed the luxurious life of the Jain yatis, contradictory to Jain principles of non-possession and non-violence. He issued a nine-point manifesto known as ''Nav-kalama''. He explained nine principles to reform Jain yati tradition. His manifesto was accepted after some initial opposition. Many leading yati and monks gave up their luxurious life and started following Jain principles. He established Agama or Samakit Gaccha, later known as Tristutik Gaccha. He restored and reconstructed some Jain temples and consecrated 1023 icons of Tirthankaras. He visited

Rajasthan Rajasthan (; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northern India. It covers or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern s ...

and Malwa where he delivered religious discourses in Malwi,

Marwari language Marwari (मारवाड़ी, IAST: Mārwāṛī; also rendered as ''Marwadi'' or ''Marvadi'') is a Rajasthani language spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Marwari is also found in the neighbouring states of Gujarat and Haryana, som ...

s. He also opposed worship of other gods and goddesses over the worship of Tirthankars. Rajendrasuri died on 21 December 1906 ( Vikram Samvat 1963 Pous Shukla Saptami) at Mohankheda, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Later, Mohankheda became a centre for learning and a tirtha around 1940.

Works

Rajendrasuri wrote, collected and edited some Jain works. He compiled the

dictionary, ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'', in seven volumes with 9,200 pages describing 60,000 terms. His works include: # Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa # Prakrit Vyakruti (Commentary on Grammar) # Kalpasutra Prabodhini (Commentary on the Kalpasutra) # Khartar Taskar Prabandh (Unpublished) # Bhagawati Sutra Sateek # Gachchhar Payanna # Terapanth Prashnottar Vichara # Mahanishitha Sutra (fifth) # Brahata sangrihani # Upasaka Dashanga Sutra # Prakrit Shabda Rupawali # Deepmalika Katha (Story of Diwali) # Holika Katha (Story of Holi) # Gandhara vad # Karma Vichar (Unpublished) # Tatva Vichar (Unpublished) # Kalpasutra Balavabodh # Jinupadesh Manjiri # Kalyanmandir Stotra (Commentary) # Jyotirya Kalpalata # Swarodhya-gyan and Yantravali # Vichar-sar Prakranam # Sanskrit Vyakarnam (

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominalization, nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cul ...

grammar) # Laghu Sanghgrahani # Amarkosh (Original) # Navpad Puja Prasnothar # Upadhan Vidhi # Sratakatriyam (Bhatruhari) # Chandrika Vyakaranam # Kavyaprakash Mulamam # Varnamala # Upasaka Dashang Sutra # Ek Sou Aath bol # Upadesh Ratna saara # Treloyaka Deepika Yantravali # Karna Granth (four) # Saptati Shatasthan Yantravali # Dwashisth Margana Yantravali # Shada Dravya Vichara # Siddhanta Prakash # Asthanhika Vyakhyana # Sindura Prakara-satika # Bhayhara Stotra The original copy of these books are stored in libraries of Ahor, Rajasthan; Jaora; Mohankheda, Madhya Pradesh; Tharad and Ahmedabad in Gujarat.

Recognition

Shrines dedicated to him were erected at several places in India including Mohankheda, Bhinmal, Dhanera, Jalore, Bangalore, Bijapur, Ahemdabad, Tharad, Bharatpur, Indore, Ratlam, and Santhu, Kachrod,Rajendra Nagar,Devispeta(Nellore District)etc. His death centenary was celebrated in 2006 at Mohankheda.

References

External links

Mohankheda
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendrasuri, Acharya Jain acharyas Scholars from Rajasthan Rajasthani people People from Dhar 1827 births 1906 deaths Indian Jain monks 19th-century Indian Jain writers 19th-century Jain monks 19th-century Indian monks Jain reformers Indian writers Śvētāmbara monks