Ragibagh ( Mongolian: Рагибаха or Ражабаг; ; Arigabag), also known by his

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a t ...

as the Tianshun Emperor of Yuan (), was a son of Yesün Temür (Taiding Emperor) who was briefly installed to the throne of the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...

of China in

Shangdu Shangdu (; lit. "Upper Capital"; ), known in the West as Xanadu, was the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan. Located in what is now Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia, it was designed by Chinese architect Liu Bingzhong and served as ...

in 1328. Although he should have been the seventh ruler of the Yuan dynasty in succession to his father Yesün Temür, he was dethroned by his rival Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong) who was installed by a coup before Ragibagh's succession. Apart from

Emperor of China Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" () was the superlative title held by the monarchs of imperial China's various dynasties. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the " Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandat ...

, he is regarded as the 11th Great Khan of the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...

, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. He was the shortest-reigning Yuan emperor.

Life

Ragibagh was the eldest son of Yesün Temür. His mother Babukhan

Khatun Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a Khan (title), khan or a khagan of the Göktürks, Turkic Khaganates and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. Etymology and history Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of ...

came from the Khunggirad clan, who had held power through marriage to the imperial family. He became Crown Prince at infancy in 1324. In August 1328 when Yesün Temür suddenly died in

, he was installed by the powerful

Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

officer Dawlat Shah there in the next month. However, Yesün Temür's sudden death triggered an uprising of an anti-mainstream faction who had been dissatisfied with monopolization of power by Yesün Temür's aides including Dawlat Shah who had served him since he was stationed in

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Jinong Jinong () was a title of the Mongols. It was derived from Chinese ''Jinwang'' (, a title for crown prince, similar to Prince of Wales) although some historians have suggested it originates from ''Qinwang'' (). Whatever its relation with the Chine ...

. In the eighth month, the Mongolized Qipchaq commander El Temür, who was stationed in Dadu, launched a coup and called for installation of Khayishan's son. Tugh Temür was welcomed into Dadu in the same month in which Ragibagh ascended to the throne. The

civil war A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.J ...

known as the War of the Two Capitals soon broke out. Ragibagh's army broke through the

Great Wall The Great Wall of China (, literally "ten thousand Li (unit), ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection agains ...

at several points and advanced on Dadu; but was severely defeated by El Temür's troops. At the time, most of Ragibagh's army were involved on the Great Wall front, and the Shangdu court was compelled to surrender on the very next day. Dawlat Shah and most of the leading loyalists were taken prisoner and later executed by the Dadu faction after surrender; but Ragibagh is said to have disappeared after that, evidently murdered.

Name

Due to scarcity of historical sources and their multilinguality, Ragibagh's name has a lot of variants. The

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

an '' Red Annals'' (Hu lān deb ther) calls him "ra khyi phag" (). The later Mongolian chronicles such as the '' Erdeni-yin tobchi'' and the '' Altan tobchi'' spell him Radzibaγ or Raǰibaγ. ''The History of the Yuan'' refers to him as A-su-ji-ba (阿速吉八), but it is apparently a misspelling of A-la-ji-ba (阿剌吉八). The initial "a" prevents the word from starting with "r" in Mongolian. It looks like a modern Mongolian

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

Ts.Mandir interpreted his name a
"Asidkebe" (Ашидхэв)
According to some scholars, his name was from

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

"rāja-pika" (), which means "king cuckoo".Volker Rybatzki. Die Personennamen und Titel der mittelmongolischen Dokumente, Eine lexikalische Untersuchung.2006, p. 650. He is also commonly known as the Tianshun Emperor based on his

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ragibagh Khan, Tianshun Emperor Of Yuan Great Khans of the Mongol Empire Emperors of the Yuan dynasty Yuan dynasty Buddhists Chinese Buddhist monarchs 14th-century Chinese monarchs 14th-century Mongol khans 1320 births 1328 deaths Monarchs who died as children Child monarchs from Asia Murdered emperors of China

Life

Name

See also

References