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Raghunathpur I is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the
Raghunathpur subdivision Raghunathpur subdivision is a subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India. History Purulia district was divided into four subdivisions, viz., Purulia Sadar, Manbazar, Jhalda and Raghunathpur, with effect from 6 April 20 ...
of the
Purulia district Purulia district () is one of the twenty-three districts of West Bengal state in Eastern India. Purulia is the administrative headquarters of the district. Some of the other important towns of Purulia district are Raghunathpur- Adra, Manbazar ...
in the
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.


History


Background

The ''Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra'' of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen
mahajanapadas The Mahājanapadas were sixteen Realm, kingdoms and aristocracy, aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the History of India#Second urbanisation (c. 600 – 200 BCE), second urbanis ...
and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of the Jungle Mahals district, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to
Purulia Purulia, officially Purulia Sadar, is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River. Geography Location Purulia is locate ...
. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of
Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...
, efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the
Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) The Bengali Language Movement of Manbhum was a cultural and political movement that took place in the then Bihar Province from 1912 to 1956. Post independence, between 1948 and 1956, the Bengali nationalism, language movement spread intensely am ...
. In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.


Geography

Raghunathpur is located at . The Raghunathpur I CD block is located in the central part of the district. The Damodar Dwaraka upland is an extension of the
Chota Nagpur Plateau The Chota Nagpur Plateau () is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and th ...
. The area is undulating with hillocks of hard rocks. The Raghunathpur I CD block is bounded by the
Raghunathpur II Raghunathpur II is a Community development blocks in India, community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian States and territories of India, state ...
and Neturia CD blocks on the north, the Santuri CD block on the east, the Kashipur CD block on the south and the Para CD block on the west. The Raghunathpur I CD Block has an area of 201.82 km2. It has one panchayat samity, seven gram panchayats, 89 gram sansads (village councils), 106
mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s, 90 inhabited villages and one census town. Raghunathpur police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Raghunathpur. Gram panchayats of the Raghunathpur I block/
panchayat samiti Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government ( panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has b ...
are: Arrah, Barugram, Bero, Chorpahari, Khajura, Nutandih and Sanka.


Demographics


Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Raghunathpur I CD block had a total population of 117,760, of which 96,488 were rural ad 21,272 were urban. There were 60,897 (52%) males and 56,863 (48%) females. There were 14,723 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 41,649 (35.37%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 12,599 (10.70%). According to the 2001 census, the Raghunathpur I CD block had a total population of 103,620, out of which 53,416 were males and 50,204 were females. the Raghunathpur I CD block registered a population growth of 12.12 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.
Census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
s in Raghunathpur I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Arra (21,272). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Raghunathpur I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Shanka (4,233) and Paschim Bero (5,699). Other villages in the Raghunathpur I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Purbbo Bero (2,956), Khajura (1,871) and Chorpahari (1,103).


Literacy

According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Raghunathpur I CD block was 69,408 (67.36% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 42,030 (78.73% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 27,378 (55.14%) of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 23.60%. See also –
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...


Language and religion

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 101,047 and formed 85.80% of the population in the Raghunathpur I CD block. Muslims numbered 11,776 and formed 10.00% of the population. Christians numbered 656 and formed 0.56% of the population. Others numbered 4,281 and formed 3.64% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 86.97%, Muslims 8.90%, Christians 0.57% and tribal religions 3.20% of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 census, 84.73% of the population spoke
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
, 8.01% Santali and 6.16%
Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
as their first language.


Rural poverty

According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were BPL families in Purulia district. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.


Economy


Livelihood

In the Raghunathpur I CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 5,606 and formed 13.98%, agricultural labourers numbered 11,881 and formed 29.64%, household industry workers numbered 1,422 and formed 3.55% and other workers numbered 21,178 and formed 52.83%. Total workers numbered 40,087 and formed 34.04% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 77,673 and formed 65.96% of the population. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.


Infrastructure

There are 79 inhabited villages in the Raghunathpur I CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Puruliya, 2011, 100% villages have power supply. 76 villages (96.20%) have drinking water supply. 12 villages (15.19%) have post offices. 69 villages (87.34%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 27 villages (34.18%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 23 villages (29.11%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (2.53%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (6.33%) have banks.


Industries

The Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station of the
Damodar Valley Corporation Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is a statutory corporation which operates in the Damodar River area of West Bengal and Jharkhand states of India to handle the Damodar Valley Project, the first multipurpose river valley project of independent ...
has a capacity of 1,200 MW (2x600). Both the units have gone into commercial operations in March 2016. Land was sold in the Raghunathpur industrial park to the Jai Balaji group, Adhunik Corporation, Shyam Steel and other companies. The land had been acquired between 2007 and 2010. However, none of the projects have matured, till September 2016, because of a slump in the steel industry.


Agriculture

In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Raghunathpur I CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 6.62%, patta (document) holders 13.16%, small farmers (possessing land between one and two hectares) 3.53%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 32.94% and agricultural labourers 43.74%. In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in the Raghunathpur I CD block was 9,075.24 hectares, out of which 7,749.54 hectares by tank water, 47.00 hectares by river lift irrigation, 243.20 hectares by open dug wells and 1,035.50 hectares by other means. In 2013–14, the Raghunathpur I CD block produced 3,158 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,540 hectares. It also produced wheat, maskalai and mustard.


Banking

In 2013–14, the Raghunathpur I CD block had offices of eight commercial banks and five gramin banks.


Backward Regions Grant Fund

The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.


Transport

In 201314, the Raghunathpur I CD block had 8 originating/terminating bus routes. State Highway 8 running from Santaldih (in the Purulia district) to Majhdia (in the Nadia district) and State Highway 5 running from Rupnarayanpur (in the Paschim Bardhaman district) to Junput (in the Purba Medinipur district) cross at Raghunathpur. The Asansol-Adra line of the South Eastern Railway passes through this block and there is a station at Joychandi Pahar.


Education

In 2013–14, the Raghunathpur I CD block had 105 primary schools with 7,971 students, 19 middle schools with 1,319 students, five high schools with 2,642 students and six higher secondary schools with 6,592 students. Raghunathpur I CD Block had one professional/technical institute with 96 students and 226 institutions with 8,129 students for special and non-formal education. Raghunathpur (municipal town, outside the CD Block) had one general college with 3,140 students. See also –
Education in India Education in India is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the command of the government at three levels: Government of India, central, States and Territories of India, state and Local government in In ...
According to the 2011 census, in Raghunathpur I CD block, amongst the 79 inhabited villages, seven villages did not have a school, 23 villages had two or more primary schools, 21 villages had at least one primary and one middle school and 12 villages had at least one middle and one secondary school.


Healthcare

In 2014, the Raghunathpur I CD block had one block primary health centre and two primary health centres, with total 31 beds and 3 doctors. 1,913 patients were treated indoor and 152,413 patients were treated outdoor in the health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. There are primary health centres in the Raghunathpur I CD block at Babudergram (PO Sanko) (with six beds) and Biltora (PO Gadibera) (with four beds).


References

{{Purulia topics Community development blocks in Purulia district