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Raghunathganj II is a
community development block In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of District, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). T ...
that forms an administrative division in the
Jangipur subdivision Jangipur subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India. West Bengal's Chief minister, CM Mamata Banerjee announced that a new Farakka subdivision will be created from the Farakka (communit ...
of
Murshidabad district Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it ...
in the
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.


Geography

Jot Kamal, a census town in Raghunathganj II block, is located at Raghunathganj II CD block lies in the Rarh region in Murshidabad district. The
Bhagirathi River The Bhāgīrathī (Pron: /ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In the Hindu f ...
splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. The
Padma River The Padma () is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the eastern and main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for to its confluence with the Meghna River, near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is situated on the banks ...
separates Murshidabad district from
Malda district Malda district, also spelt Maldah or Maldaha (, , often ), is a district in West Bengal, India. The capital of the Bengal Sultanate, Gauda and Pandua, was situated in this district. Mango, jute and silk are the most notable products of this ...
and Chapai Nawabganj and
Rajshahi Rajshahi (, ) is a metropolis, metropolitan city and a major Urban area, urban, administrative, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. It is also the administrative seat of the eponymous Rajshahi Division, division and Rajshahi Distr ...
districts of Bangladesh in the north. The Rarh region is undulating and contains mostly
clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...
and
lateritic Laterite is a soil type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and prolo ...
clay based soil. As the
Rajmahal hills The Rajmahal Hills are located in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand, India. They were located on the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent, and its hills are today inhabited by the Sauria Paharia people whilst its valleys are do ...
slopes gently down from adjoining
Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north ...
it forms the Nabagram plain at the lowest edge of its elevation in this region. The eastern slope of the region is characterised by the existence of numerous
cliff In geography and geology, a cliff or rock face is an area of Rock (geology), rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical. Cliffs are formed by the processes of weathering and erosion, with the effect of gravity. ...
s and bluffs. Raghunathganj II CD block is bounded by
Suti I Suti I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Jangipur subdivision of Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Suti I is located at Suti I CD block lies in the Rarh region in Murs ...
CD block in the north,
Lalgola Lalgola is a census town in the Lalgola CD block in the Lalbag subdivision of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. It is situated about north of Kolkata, near the head of the Ganges delta. It is a terminal railway station on the Ranaghat-Lalgol ...
CD block and Shibganj Upazila in
Chapai Nawabganj District Chapai Nawabganj or Chapainawabganj District () is a district of Rajshahi Division. It is located in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The north and western-part of Chapainawabganj is bounded by Malda and Murshidabad districts of India, ...
of Bangladesh, across the Ganges, in the east,
Sagardighi Sagardighi may refer to: * Sagardighi, Bangladesh, a village * Sagardighi (community development block), Murshidabad, West Bengal, India * Sagardighi, Murshidabad, a town in Sagardighi CD block * Sagardighi Assembly constituency, in Murshidabad ...
CD block in the south and
Raghunathganj I Raghunathganj I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Jangipur subdivision of Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Raghunathganj is located at Raghunathganj I CD block lies in ...
CD block in the west. Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine. There are 9 blocks – Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II, Lalgola, Bhagawangola I, Bhagawangola II, Raninagar II and Jalangi - along the Bangladesh-India border. The Rarh region or the western part of the district is drained by the right bank tributaries of the Bhagirathi, flowing down from the hilly / plateau region of
Santhal Pargana division Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Origin of name Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: " Santal", a major inhabited tribe in the region an ...
in neighbouring Jharkhand. The Farakka Barrage regulates the flow of water into the Bhagirathi through the feeder canal. Thereafter, it is fed with the discharge from the Mayurakshi system. About 1,800 km2 of area in the neighbourhood of Kandi town is flooded by the combined discharge of the Mayurakshi,
Dwarka Dwarka () is a town and municipality of Devbhumi Dwarka district in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Gujarat. It is located on the western shore of the Okhamandal Peninsula on the right bank of the Gomti river at ...
, Brahmani, Gambhira, Kopai and
Bakreshwar Bakreshwar is a village in Dubrajpur (community development block), Dubrajpur CD Block in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Bengal. Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station of West Be ...
– the main contributor being the Mayurakshi. Certain other areas in the western sector also get flooded. A major problem in Murshidabad district is river bank erosion. As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the Ganges alone in Murshidabad district. Between 1931 and 1977, 26,769 hectares have been eroded and many villages have been fully submerged. 1980-1990 was a decade of erosion for this district and during the decade Giria, Sekhalipur, Khejustala, Mithipur, Fajilpur, Rajapur, Akheriganj, Parashpur villages were badly affected. See also -
River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts focusses on River bank failure, river bank erosion along the main channel of the Ganges in Malda district, Malda and Murshidabad district, Mushidabad districts of West Benga ...
Raghunathganj II CD block has an area of 140.91 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 117 gram sansads (village councils), 63
mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s and 56 inhabited villages.
Raghunathganj Raghunathganj is a town, not identified in 2011 census as a separate place, with a police station and post office, in the Raghunathganj I CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of Murshidabad in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Loca ...
police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Giria. Gram panchayats in Raghunathganj II block/ panchayat samiti are: Barashimul Dayarampur, Giria, Jotekamal, Kashiadanga, Laxmijola, Mithipur, Sammatinagar, Sekendra, Sekhalipur and Teghari I.


Demographics


Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Raghunathganj II CD block had a total population of 265,336, of which 131,236 were rural and 134,100 were urban. There were 135,723 (51%) males and 129,613 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years numbered 46,739. Scheduled Castes numbered 23,242 (8.76%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 86 (0.03%). As per 2001 census, Raghunathganj II block has a total population of 192,505, out of which 94,325 were males and 98,180 were females. Raghunathganj II block registered a population growth of 24.14 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 23.70 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Decadal
Population Growth Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. The World population, global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025. Actual global human population growth amounts to aroun ...
Rate (%) Sources: The decadal growth of population in Raghunathganj II CD block in 2001-2011 was 37.82%, the highest amongst all the CD blocks in the district. The decadal growth rate of population in Murshidabad district was as follows: 33.5% in 1951-61, 28.6% in 1961-71, 25.5% in 1971-81, 28.2% in 1981-91, 23.8% in 1991-2001 and 21.1% in 2001-11. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%. The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring
Chapai Nawabganj District Chapai Nawabganj or Chapainawabganj District () is a district of Rajshahi Division. It is located in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The north and western-part of Chapainawabganj is bounded by Malda and Murshidabad districts of India, ...
in Bangladesh was 15.59% for the decade 2001-2011, down from 21.67% in the decade 1991-2001. There are reports of Bangladeshi infiltrators entering Murshidabad district.


Census towns and villages

Census towns in Raghunathganj II CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets): Giria (17,131),
Mithipur Mithipur is a census town in the Raghunathganj II CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of the Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Mithipur is located at . Area overv ...
(15,260),
Jot Kamal Jot Kamal is a census town in the Raghunathganj II CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of the Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Jot Kamal is located at . Area overview Jangipur subdivision is crow ...
(7,685),
Osmanpur Osmanpur is a census town in the Raghunathganj II CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of the Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Osmanpur is located at . Area overv ...
(10,512), Sahajadpur (23,280),
Khodarampur Khodarampur is a census town in the Raghunathganj II CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of the Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Khaodarampur is located at . Area overview Jangipur subdivision ...
(7,277), Donalia (6,081),
Teghari Teghari is a census town in Barrackpore II CD Block in Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Muragachha, Talbandha, Chandpur, Ghola, Chandpur and Teghari form a cluster of ...
(25,058), Krishna Sali (10,742) and Bara Jumla (11,074). Large villages in Raghunathganj II CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets): Lal Khandiar (1,223), Giria Kismat (7,153), Sekendara (21,668), Mukundapur (4,009), Jot Sundar (4,207), Putia (4,984), Kul Gachhi (11,292), Jamra (4,692), Bahara (12,862), Kasia Danga (14,025) and Dighir Pahar (4,468).


Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Raghunathganj II CD block was 133,722 (61.17% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 72,849 (65.03% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 61,233 (57.45% of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 7.59%. See also –
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...


Language and religion

In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 217,502 and formed 81.97% of the population in Raghunathganj II CD block. Hindus numbered 47,403 and formed 17.87% of the population. Others numbered 431 and formed 0.16% of the population. In Raghunathganj I and Raghunathganj II CD blocks taken together, while the proportion of Muslims increased from 66.72% in 1991 to 67.39% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 33.20% in 1991 to 32.61% in 2001. Murshidabad district had 4,707,573 Muslims who formed 66.27% of the population, 2,359,061 Hindus who formed 33.21% of the population, and 37, 173 persons belonging to other religions who formed 0.52% of the population, in the 2011 census. While the proportion of Muslim population in the district increased from 61.40% in 1991 to 63.67% in 2001, the proportion of Hindu population declined from 38.39% in 1991 to 35.92% in 2001. Murshidabad was the only Muslim majority district in West Bengal at the time of
partition of India The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Paki ...
in 1947. The proportion of Muslims in the population of Murshidabad district in 1951 was 55.24%. The
Radcliffe Line The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcated by the two boundary commissions for the provinces of Punjab Province (British India), Punjab and Bengal Presidency, Bengal during the Partition of India. It is named after Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Visco ...
had placed Muslim majority Murshidabad in India and the Hindu majority
Khulna Khulna (, ) is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is the administrative centre of the Khulna District and the Khulna Division. It is the divisional centre of 10 districts of the division. Khulna is also the seco ...
in Pakistan, in order to maintain the integrity of the Ganges river system In India.
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
is the predominant language, spoken by 99.84% of the population.


Rural poverty

As per the Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the
rural poverty Rural poverty refers to situations where people living in rural area, non-urban regions are in a poverty, state or condition of lacking the financial resources and essentials for living. It takes account of factors of Rural sociology, rural so ...
ratio in Murshidabad district was 46.12%. Purulia, Bankura and Birbhum districts had higher rural poverty ratios. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000.


Economy


Livelihood

In Raghunathganj II CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 4,541 and formed 3.90%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,438 and formed 7.25%, household industry workers numbered 43,428 and formed 37.34% and other workers numbered 59,910 and formed 51.51%.


Infrastructure

There are 36 inhabited villages in Raghunathganj II CD block. 100% villages have power supply. 35 villages (97.22%) have drinking water supply. 12 villages (33.33%) have post offices. 25 villages (69.44%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 18 villages (50.00%) have a pucca approach road and 6 villages (16.67%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (5.56%) have agricultural credit societies and 4 villages (11.11%) have banks.


Agriculture

From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following
land reforms Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Lan ...
land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Raghunathganj II CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 1,029 (4.17%), patta (document) holders 6,765 (27.41%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1,302 (5.27%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 7,150 (28.97%) and agricultural labourers 8,438 (34.18%). Raghunathganj II CD block had 22 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 48 fair price shops in 2013-14. In 2013-14, Raghunathganj II CD block produced 31,471 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 10,177 hectares, 384 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 114 hectares, 141 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from103 hectares, 2,875 tonnes of wheat from 1,000 hectares, 32,052 tonnes of jute from 2,002 hectares, 83 tonnes of potatoes from 30 hectares and 160 tonnes of sugar cane from 2 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Raghunathganj II CD block was 1,499 hectares, out of which 60 hectares were irrigated with tank water, 239 hectares with river lift irrigation and 1,200 hectares by other means.


Beedi industry

As of 2003, around 400,000 workers were engaged in the prime area locations of
beedi A beedi (also spelled bidi or biri) is a thin cigarette or cigar, mini-cigar filled with tobacco flake and commonly wrapped in a tendu (''Diospyros melanoxylon'') or ''Piliostigma racemosum'' leaf tied with a string or adhesive at one end. It ...
making, a household industry, in Farakka, Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj I and Raghunathganj II CD blocks. The majority of those working are women and children. Almost all households are engaged in this activity. See also �
Beedi Workers of Murshidabad (in Hindi). Lok Sabha TV feature


Silk and handicrafts

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i)
Mulberry ''Morus'', a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of 19 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. Generally, the genus has 64 subordinat ...
cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj. 99% of ivory craft production is exported. In more recent years sandalwood etching has become more popular than ivory carving. Bell metal and Brass utensils are manufactured in large quantities at Khagra, Berhampore, Kandi and Jangipur.


Banking

In 2013-14, Raghunathgaj II CD block had offices of 8 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.


Backward Regions Grant Fund

Murshidabad district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund The Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) is an Indian government program designed to "address regional imbalances in development." The programme was launched by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at Barpeta, Assam on 19 February 2007. The BRG ...
. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.


Transport

Raghunathganj II CD block has 5 ferry services and 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. State Highway 11A, running from Raghunathganj to Bhagawangola passes through this CD block.


Education

In 2013-14, Raghunathganj II CD block had 97 primary schools with 16,519 students, 13 middle schools with 1,511 students, 3 high schools with 4,600 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 20,430 students. Raghunathganj II CD block had 407 institutions special and non-formal education with 24,104 students. In Raghunathganj II CD block, amongst the 36 inhabited villages, 3 villages did not have a school, 22 villages have more than 1 primary school, 21 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 7 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.


Healthcare

In 2014, Raghunathganj II CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 1 primary health centre with total 25 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 28 family welfare subcentres. 6,683 patients were treated indoor and 107,434 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Raghunathganj II CD block has Teghari Block Primary Health Centre (with 10 beds) at
Teghari Teghari is a census town in Barrackpore II CD Block in Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Muragachha, Talbandha, Chandpur, Ghola, Chandpur and Teghari form a cluster of ...
and Mohammadpur Primary Health Centre at Adikantapur (with 10 beds). The Subdivisional Hospital at Jangipur (with 250 beds) is outside the CD block. Raghunathganj II CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of arsenic contamination. The
WHO The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 6 regional offices and 15 ...
guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All but one of the 26 blocks of Murshidabad district have arsenic contamination above the WHO level, all but two of the blocks have arsenic concentration above the Indian Standard value and 17 blocks have arsenic concentration above 300 mg/litre. The maximum concentration in Raghunathaganj II CD block is 875 mg/litre.


External links


References

{{Murshidabad topics Community development blocks in Murshidabad district