Raffi Khatchadourian
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Raffi Khatchadourian is an American journalist. He is well known for his investigative pieces on an array of topics such as
WikiLeaks WikiLeaks () is a non-profit media organisation and publisher of leaked documents. It is funded by donations and media partnerships. It has published classified documents and other media provided by anonymous sources. It was founded in 2006 by ...
, the
Iraq War The Iraq War (), also referred to as the Second Gulf War, was a prolonged conflict in Iraq lasting from 2003 to 2011. It began with 2003 invasion of Iraq, the invasion by a Multi-National Force – Iraq, United States-led coalition, which ...
, Tiversa, U.S. military experimenting, and genocide. His long-form piece
Azzam the American
" which appeared in ''
The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It was founded on February 21, 1925, by Harold Ross and his wife Jane Grant, a reporter for ''The New York T ...
,'' is one of his most notable works. It was published on January 22, 2007, and was nominated for a
National Magazine Award The National Magazine Awards, also known as the Ellie Awards, honor print and digital publications that consistently demonstrate superior execution of editorial objectives, innovative techniques, noteworthy enterprise and imaginative design. Or ...
in Profile Writing.


Early life

Khatchadourian was born in
Long Island, New York Long Island is a densely populated continental island in southeastern New York (state), New York state, extending into the Atlantic Ocean. It constitutes a significant share of the New York metropolitan area in both population and land are ...
. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from
Trinity College Trinity College may refer to: Australia * Trinity Anglican College, an Anglican coeducational primary and secondary school in , New South Wales * Trinity Catholic College, Auburn, a coeducational school in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney, New ...
in
Hartford, Connecticut Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...
. He also earned an International Relations master's degree from
Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...
.


Early career

Khatchadourian began his journalism career in
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
, where he worked at an English weekly called ''
The Russia Journal ''The Russia Journal'' is a Russian English-language website, which is no longer updated. History and profile ''The Russia Journal'' was founded in 1998 by Indian-born entrepreneur Ajay Goyal, who served as publisher and chief editor An editor-i ...
''. While there, he worked as the chief
copy editor Copy editing (also known as copyediting and manuscript editing) is the process of revising written material (" copy") to improve quality and readability, as well as ensuring that a text is free of errors in grammar, style, and accuracy. ''The Ch ...
and wrote news and
editorial An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK), is an article or any other written document, often unsigned, written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper or magazine, that expresses the publication's opinion about ...
articles. He has contributed
freelance ''Freelance'' (sometimes spelled ''free-lance'' or ''free lance''), ''freelancer'', or ''freelance worker'', are terms commonly used for a person who is self-employed and not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance w ...
work to a number of publications after returning from Moscow, including ''
The Nation ''The Nation'' is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis. It was founded on July 6, 1865, as a successor to William Lloyd Garrison's '' The Liberator'', an abolitionist newspaper ...
'', the ''
San Francisco Chronicle The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It was founded in 1865 as ''The Daily Dramatic Chronicle'' by teenage brothers Charles de Young and M. H. de Young, Michael H. ...
'', ''
The Baltimore Sun ''The Baltimore Sun'' is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the U.S. state of Maryland and provides coverage of local, regional, national, and international news. Founded in 1837, the newspaper was owned by Tribune Publi ...
'', ''
Condé Nast Traveler ''Condé Nast Traveler'' is a luxury and lifestyle travel magazine published by Condé Nast. The magazine has won 25 National Magazine Awards. The Condé Nast unit of Advance Publications purchased ''Signature'', a magazine for Diners Club me ...
'', ''Smithsonian'' magazine and ''Salon''. Khatchadourian spent time in
Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...
,
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...
and
Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...
in 2001 in order to report on U.S. military involvement in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
for ''The Nation'' and the ''San Francisco Chronicle''. In 2003, prior to joining the staff at ''The New Yorker'', Khatchadourian wrote a five-segment piece for
The Village Voice ''The Village Voice'' is an American news and culture publication based in Greenwich Village, New York City, known for being the country's first Alternative newspaper, alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf (publisher), Dan Wolf, ...
on the construction of an oil pipeline through
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...
,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
and
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
. Khatchadourian was a fellow at the International Reporting Project (IRP) in 2005. The project, which is run by the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at
Johns Hopkins University The Johns Hopkins University (often abbreviated as Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1876 based on the European research institution model, J ...
in
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
, "provides opportunities for journalists to report internationally on critical issues that are under covered in the news media."


''The New Yorker''

Khatchadourian began working for ''The New Yorker'' in 2003 as a staff fact-checker. He wrote his first piece for the magazine, "Azzam the American," in 2007 and transitioned to a staff writer in 2008. Since then, Khatchadourian has written a number of investigative pieces for ''The New Yorker'' on a range of topics.


"Azzam the American"

"Azzam the American" is the first piece Khatchadourian wrote for ''The New Yorker'', the year before becoming a staff writer for the magazine. The piece was nominated for the Profile Writing category of the National Magazine Awards. It investigated the story of
Adam Gadahn Adam Yahiye Gadahn (, ''Ādam Yaḥyā Ghadan''; September 1, 1978 – January 19, 2015) was an American senior operative, cultural interpreter, spokesman and media advisor for the Islamist group al-Qaeda, as well as prolific noise musici ...
,Oregon-born U.S. citizen who joined
Al-Qaeda , image = Flag of Jihad.svg , caption = Jihadist flag, Flag used by various al-Qaeda factions , founder = Osama bin Laden{{Assassinated, Killing of Osama bin Laden , leaders = {{Plainlist, * Osama bin Lad ...
. Gadahn became an English spokesperson for Al-Qaeda's media, serving as "translator, video producer and cultural interpreter," Khatchadourian reported. Although Khatchadourian did not speak with Gadahn himself, he offered an in-depth profile using a number of sources. He spoke to terrorism experts such as Randy Parsons, who was in charge of the Los Angeles F.B.I.'s counterterroism division from 2002 to 2006. The article also cited people who knew Gadahn's family. Most importantly, though, Khatchadourian scoured through essays, videos and audio recordings Gadahn had made in order to learn more about him.


"No Secrets"

In 2010, Khatchadourian wrote
No Secrets
for ''The New Yorker''. The investigative article profiled
Julian Assange Julian Paul Assange ( ; Hawkins; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006. He came to international attention in 2010 after WikiLeaks published a series of News leak, leaks from Chels ...
, the founder of WikiLeaks. In the piece, Khatchadourian wrote that Assange wanted to be as transparent as possible concerning his work at WikiLeaks. He captured this as he told Assange's story, from starting WikiLeaks to keeping an eye out for the next leak. Khatchadourian spent time with Assange, and his team at the time, in Iceland. They were working on a leak, code named Project B, regarding two U.S. airstrikes in Baghdad, which took place on July 12, 2007. The video revealed that, along with the intended targets, the airstrike killed
Saeed Chmagh Saeed Chmagh () (January 1, 1967 – July 12, 2007) was an Iraqi employed by Reuters news agency as a driver and camera assistant. He was killed, along with his colleague Namir Noor-Eldeen, by American military forces in the New Baghdad district ...
and
Namir Noor-Eldeen Namir Noor-Eldeen (; September 1, 1984 – July 12, 2007) was an Iraqi war photographer for Reuters. Noor-Eldeen, his assistant, Saeed Chmagh, as well as eight others were fired upon by U.S. military forces in the New Baghdad district of ...
, two war correspondents for
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency ...
. The leak was given the title Collateral Murder upon release. Assange also revealed his own personal story to Khathcadourian. At the age of 16 he began hacking under the name Mendax, with a group called the International Subversives. Khatchadourian also reported, from a meeting with the WikiLeaks founder on a bench in
Bryant Park Bryant Park is a , privately managed public park in the New York City borough (New York City), borough of Manhattan. It is located between Fifth Avenue and Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and between 40th Street (Manhattan), 40th and 42 ...
after the release of Collateral Murder, that Assange was working on a new project: Project G.


Operation Delirium

Another of Khatchadourian's investigative pieces for ''The New Yorker'', titled
Operation Delirium
" shed light on U.S. military experimenting during the
Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
. The article, written in 2012, focused on Colonel
James S. Ketchum James Sanford Ketchum (November 1, 1931 – May 27, 2019) was a psychiatrist and U.S. Army Medical Corps (United States Army), Medical Corps officer who worked for almost a decade (1960–1969) on the U.S. military’s top secret psychochemical war ...
, and his involvement with the
Edgewood Arsenal human experiments From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland.''Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents'', Commission on Life Sciences. ...
. Khatchadourian unveiled the extent to which a vast assortment of different chemicals were being tested on, often unknowing, U.S. soldiers. The experiments were executed in an effort to create a viable form of
psychochemical warfare Psychochemical warfare involves the use of psychopharmacological agents ( mind-altering drugs or chemicals) with the intention of incapacitating an adversary through the temporary induction of hallucinations or delirium.Dando M, Furmanski M 2006. M ...
. Ketchum told Khatchadourian about the experiments that took place at Edgewood. Soldiers were given drugs without any preparation or knowledge of what they were taking; they were studied, and then released without counselling or warning of potential effects. Ketchum also told Khatchadourian of an experimenter at Edgewood Arsenal by the name of Dr. Van Murray Sim. Sim believed that the type of psychochemical testing they were involved in required subjects not to have any preconceived expectations. He often gave unwitting people, including high-ranking officers, LSD, without
informed consent Informed consent is an applied ethics principle that a person must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about accepting risk. Pertinent information may include risks and benefits of treatments, alternative treatme ...
. Despite disagreeing with Sim's methods, and struggling with his own conscience, Khatchadourian reported that Ketchum defended his work at Edgewood.


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * Discusses
Matvey Natanzon Matvey Natanzon (better known by his pseudonym Falafel) (July 5, 1968 – February 14, 2020) was a Russian-born Israeli backgammon player. Life and career Natanzon was born in Soviet Russia and moved with his mother to Azor, a small Israeli town ...
, aka Falafel.
* * * * * * Online version is titled "The movie with a thousand plotlines". * Online version is titled "Julian Assange, a man without a country". * Online version is titled "N.K. Jemisin's Dream Worlds". * Online version is titled "Alan Weisman’s thought experiment becomes a reality". * Online version is titled "The elusive peril of space junk". * Online version is titled "Surviving the Crackdown in Xinjiang". * Online version is titled "Matthew Wong's life in light and shadow". ;Series on the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Pipeline Project * * * * * ——————— ;Notes


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatchadourian, Raffi Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American male journalists American investigative journalists The New Yorker people American people of Armenian descent 1970s births