''Raffaelea'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

ambrosia fungi Ambrosia fungi are Fungus, fungal symbionts of ambrosia beetles including the polyphagous shot hole borer, polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers. There are a few dozen species described ambrosia fungi, currently placed in polyphyletic genera '' ...

in the family

Ophiostomataceae The Ophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscribed by J.A. Nannfeldt in 1932. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are typically found in temperate regions, ...

. It was

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

. The genus is named in honor of Italian botanist Raffaele Ciferri.

Laurel wilt Laurel wilt, also called laurel wilt disease, is a vascular disease that is caused by the fungus ''Raffaelea lauricola'', which is transmitted by the invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, ''Xyleborus glabratus''. The disease affects and kills membe ...

is a disease of redbay (''

Persea borbonia ''Tamala borbonia'' or redbay is a small, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae), native to the southeastern United States. It belongs to the genus '' Tamala'', which contains three species of evergreen trees native to the southern Unite ...

'') caused by '' Raffaelea lauricola''. This fungus, harbored in the

mycangium The term mycangium (pl., mycangia) is used in biology for special structures on the body of an animal that are adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi (usually in spore form). This is seen in many xylophagous insects (e.g. horntails and bark ...

of the redbay ambrosia beetle ''

Xyleborus glabratus ''Xyleborus glabratus'', the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive species, invasive in the United States. It has been documented as the primary Vector (epidemiology), vector of ''Raffaelea lauricola'', the fungus that ca ...

'', is in the form of a

budding yeast ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' () (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been ...

in the mycangium and a

filamentous fungus A mold () or mould () is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi ...

in galleries of the beetle. Several species also resident in the beetle were described as new to science in 2010: '' R. ellipticospora'', '' R. fusca'', '' R. subalba'', and '' R. subfusca''.

Species

As accepted by

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

; *''

Raffaelea aguacate ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea albimanens ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea amasae ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *'' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' *''

Raffaelea arxii ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea barbata ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea borbonica ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea brunnea ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea campbelliorum ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *''

Raffaelea canadensis ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with '' Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. The genus is named in hono ...

'' *'' Raffaelea castellanii'' *'' Raffaelea crossotarsi'' *'' Raffaelea cyclorhipidii'' *'' Raffaelea deltoideospora'' *''

Raffaelea ellipticospora ''Raffaelea ellipticospora'' is a mycangial fungus, first isolated from female adults of the redbay ambrosia beetle, ''Xyleborus glabratus ''Xyleborus glabratus'', the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive species, in ...

'' *'' Raffaelea fusca'' *'' Raffaelea gnathotrichi'' *''

Raffaelea hennebertii ''Raffaelea'' is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with ''Raffaelea ambrosiae'' as the type species. T ...

'' *'' Raffaelea lauricola'' *'' Raffaelea montetyi'' *'' Raffaelea promiscua'' *'' Raffaelea quercina'' *'' Raffaelea quercivora'' *'' Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae'' *'' Raffaelea rapaneae'' *'' Raffaelea santoroi'' *'' Raffaelea scolytodis'' *'' Raffaelea seticollis'' *''

Raffaelea subalba ''Raffaelea subalba'' is a mycangial fungus, first isolated from female adults of the redbay ambrosia beetle, ''Xyleborus glabratus ''Xyleborus glabratus'', the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive species, invasive ...

'' *'' Raffaelea subfusca'' *'' Raffaelea sulcati'' *'' Raffaelea sulphurea'' *'' Raffaelea tritirachium'' *'' Raffaelea vaginata'' *'' Raffaelea variabilis'' *'' Raffaelea xyleborini''

References

External links

* Sordariomycetes genera Ophiostomatales {{Sordariomycetes-stub