RMS ''Empress of Britain'' was a

transatlantic Transatlantic, Trans-Atlantic or TransAtlantic may refer to: Film * Transatlantic Pictures, a film production company from 1948 to 1950 * Transatlantic Enterprises, an American production company in the late 1970s * ''Transatlantic'' (1931 film ...

ocean liner An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships). C ...

built by the

Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited was a Scottish shipbuilding company in the Govan area on the Clyde in Glasgow. Fairfields, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the Royal Navy ...

Govan Govan ( ; Cumbric?: ''Gwovan'?''; Scots: ''Gouan''; Scottish Gaelic: ''Baile a' Ghobhainn'') is a district, parish, and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated west of Glasgow city centre, on the south b ...

on the Clyde in Scotland in 1905–1906The disambiguation date used in this article's title is not the year in which the hull is launched, but rather the year of the ship's

sea trial A sea trial is the testing phase of a watercraft (including boats, ships, and submarines). It is also referred to as a " shakedown cruise" by many naval personnel. It is usually the last phase of construction and takes place on open water, and ...

or maiden voyage. for Canadian Pacific Steamship (CP). This ship – the first of three CP ships to be named ''Empress of Britain''The second of three ships named was built for CP; and the third was also built for CP some years later. – regularly traversed the

transatlantic crossing Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuri ...

between

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...

and

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until 1923, with the exception of the war years. ''Empress of Britain'' was the sister ship of , which was lost in 1914.

History

Fairfield's built ''Empress of Britain'' in its yard at Govan,

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated pop ...

, Scotland. She was launched on 11 November 1905.Ship List
Description of ''Empress of Britain''
SS Empress of Britain in 1905

The ship had an overall length of and her beam was . The ship had two funnels, two masts, twin propellers and an average speed of . The ocean liner provided accommodation for 310 first-class passengers and for 470 second-class passengers. There was also room for 730 third-class passengers. ''Empress of Britain'' left Liverpool on 5 May 1906 on her maiden voyage to Quebec. Thereafter, she was scheduled to sail regularly back and forth on the transatlantic route. In the early years of wireless telegraphy, ''Empress of Britain''s wireless code letters were "MPB." On her second voyage, ''Empress of Britain'' made the west-bound trip from Moville, Ireland, to Rimouski, Canada, in five days, 21 hours, 17 minutes – a new record, which was a credit to her Captain, James Anderson Murray, and to her shipbuilders. Both ''Empress of Britain'' and her sister ship, ''Empress of Ireland'' were the fastest ships making the transatlantic run to Canadian ports at the time. In 1914, ''Empress of Ireland'' sank in the

Saint Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River (french: Fleuve Saint-Laurent, ) is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America. Its headwaters begin flowing from Lake Ontario in a (roughly) northeasterly direction, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting ...

with great loss of life. Much of what would have been construed as ordinary, even unremarkable during this period was an inextricable part of the ship's history. In the conventional course of transatlantic traffic, the ship was sometimes held in quarantine if a communicative disease was discovered amongst the passengers. Similarly, it would have been expected, for example, that the ship would notify authorities in Halifax that one passenger had died from pneumonia en route to Canada from Europe. Less than two weeks after disaster struck the RMS ''Titanic'' in the North Atlantic, ''Empress of Britain'' also struck an iceberg on 26 April 1912; but the reported damage was only slight. On 27 July 1912, ''Empress of Britain'' rammed and sank the British collier ''Helvetia'' in fog off Cape Magdelene in the estuary of the

St Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River (french: Fleuve Saint-Laurent, ) is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America. Its headwaters begin flowing from Lake Ontario in a (roughly) northeasterly direction, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting ...

, the same river where her sister met a similar fate.

First World War

In 1914 the Admiralty requisitioned her and she was refitted as an

armed merchant cruiser An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in lo ...

. She joined Admiral Archibald Peile Stoddart's squadron in the South Atlantic. She later patrolled between

Cape Finisterre Cape Finisterre (, also ; gl, Cabo Fisterra, italic=no ; es, Cabo Finisterre, italic=no ) is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain. In Roman times it was believed to be an end of the known world. The name Finisterre, like ...

and the

Cape Verde Islands , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

. In May 1915, she was recommissioned as a troop transport and carried more than 110,000 troops to the Dardanelles, Egypt and India. She also carried Canadian and US expeditionary forces across the North Atlantic. On 12 December 1915, while passing through the Straits of Gibraltar, she collided with and sank a Greek steamer. It was the night of 13 December ''Empress of Britain'' collided with an empty French troop ship, ''Djuradjura'', returning from Salonika, the French troop ship was cut in half by the engine room and two French stokers were killed. 62 crew were rescued.

Post-war years

The end of the war in Europe meant a change for ''Empress of Britain.'' Reports of the arrival and departure of the ''Empress'' were published in ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'' in December 1918, but the Liverpool – New York route was not long-lasting."Shipping and Mails,"
''New York Times.'' 9 December 1918. In March 1919, she resumed the Liverpool-St.John, New Brunswick service for one round-trip voyage. On 4 May 1919 she returned CEF (Canadian Expeditionary Force) troops from England to Canada. The ship was then returned to Fairfield's yard on the Clyde, where she was converted from coal to oil fuel and the passenger accommodations were modernised. On 9 January 1920, she returned to service on the Liverpool – Quebec crossings. In October 1922, ''Empress of Britain'' begin sailing on the Southampton – Cherbourg – Quebec route.

''Montroyal''

In 1924, the ship was renamed ''Montroyal''. Her accommodations were altered to carry 600 cabin passengers and 800 third-class passengers. On 19 April 1924, she was returned to service sailing on the Liverpool – Quebec route. In 1926, the accommodations were again altered to carry cabin, tourist and third class passengers. She completed eight round-trip voyages in that year. In 1927, the ship was transferred to the Antwerp – Southampton – Cherbourg – Quebec route. ''Montroyal'' began her final voyage from Antwerp on 7 September 1929. Including this last voyage, she had completed 190 round-trip crossings of the North Atlantic. On 17 June 1930, the ship was sold to the Stavanger Shipbreaking Co. (

Stavanger Stavanger (, , US usually , ) is a city and municipality in Norway. It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighboring Sandnes) and the administrative center of Rogaland county. T ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

) and was scrapped. The owner of the Sola Strand Hotel in

Sola Sola is a municipality and a Seaside resort in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jæren. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Solakrossen. Other villages include Tananger, Hålan ...

, Norway bought the lounge from the shipbreakers and incorporated it into his hotel as the Montroyal Ballroom. The ship's woodwork is still a feature of this building as the ''Montroyal Lounge'' for Sunday buffets and events, including the original fireplace, lead glass ceiling and windows.

Notes

References

External links

* The Great Ocean Liners

* Great Ships

* TheShipsList

{{DEFAULTSORT:Empress Of Britain (1905) Steamships of Canada Ships of CP Ships Ships built on the River Clyde Ships built in Govan World War I Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy 1905 ships Cruisers of Canada Ocean liners of Canada