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RAISE-3 (RApid Innovative payload demonstration SatellitE-3) is a
smallsat A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under . While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites ca ...
for technology demonstration developed by
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Moto ...
(MHI). Part of the Japanese space agency
JAXA The is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into o ...
's
Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology ...
, RAISE-3 carried multiple technologies that were selected for in-orbit demonstration. RAISE-3 was launched on 12 October 2022 by an
Epsilon rocket The Epsilon Launch Vehicle, or (formerly ''Advanced Solid Rocket''), is a Japanese solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific satellites. It is a follow-on project to the larger and more expensive M-V rocket which was retired in 2006. The ...
as the main satellite of Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, but the launch resulted in a failure and the satellite was lost.


Overview

For developing RAISE-3, JAXA selected MHI, the prime contractor of Japan's
H-IIA H-IIA (H-2A) is an active expendable launch system operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. These liquid fuel rockets have been used to launch satellites into geostationary orbit; lunar or ...
and H3 rockets. MHI also previously developed Z-Sat, a satellite launched in 2021 as part of the
Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2 The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology ...
mission. While in orbit, RAISE-3 would have been operated from MHI's Nagoya Guidance & Propulsion Systems Works plant in
Komaki, Aichi is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 148,872 in 68,174 households, and a population density of . The total area of the city was . Komaki is commonly associated with the former Komaki Airport, w ...
. The satellite carried 7 of the 15 themes that will be tested in Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3.


Technologies

Seven technologies would have been tested on board RAISE-3. * Low Earth Orbit satellite MIMO for 920MHz band IoT platform (LEOMI) * Software Defined Receiver (SDRX) * cots GPU based Edge-computing for mission systems utilizing model based systems engineering (GEMINI) * Kakushin-3 water Ion-thruster and Resistojet-thruster (KIR) * Tokyo Metropolitan University Pulsed-Plasma Thruster (TMU-PPT) * Membrane deployment deorbit mechanism (D-SAIL) * Harvesting Energy with Lightweight Integrated Origami Structure (HELIOS)


GEMINI

GEMINI, developed by
Mitsubishi Electric , established on 15 January 1921, is a Japanese multinational electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi. The products from MELCO include elevators a ...
(MELCO) is a device that includes a
commercial off-the-shelf Commercial off-the-shelf or commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) products are packaged or canned (ready-made) hardware or software, which are adapted aftermarket to the needs of the purchasing organization, rather than the commissioning of ...
graphics processing unit A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. GPUs are used in embedded systems, mo ...
(COTS GPU). GEMINI has SAR images preinstalled to replicate a typical
Earth observation satellite An Earth observation satellite or Earth remote sensing satellite is a satellite used or designed for Earth observation (EO) from orbit, including spy satellites and similar ones intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitorin ...
, and the GPU will format and process the image in orbit before sending it to a
ground station A ground station, Earth station, or Earth terminal is a terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary telecommunication with spacecraft (constituting part of the ground segment of the spacecraft system), or reception of radio waves f ...
. The main goal of GEMINI is to test how a consumer-grade GPU performs in space. During development, recently recruited engineers at MELCO were charged with the designing and testing of the device.


KIR

KIR is a
water Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as ...
based hybrid thruster that consists of four resistojet thrusters and a single
ion thruster An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity. An ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out o ...
, fed by the same water tank. The resistojet thrusters have a low
specific impulse Specific impulse (usually abbreviated ) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine (a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel) creates thrust. For engines whose reaction mass is only the fuel they carry, specific impulse is ...
but can produce a large thrust for a short time period. On the other hand, the ion thruster is fuel-efficient but cannot produce a large thrust in a short time period. The two types of thrusters are complimentary, and by combining them KIR can provide a wide variety of thrust capabilities. KIR is sized to fit inside a CubeSat. An external camera monitors the operation of the ion thruster. KIR was developed by Pale Blue, a company that produces a series of thrusters for use in smallsats, all using water as fuel. The company claims that the use of water, instead of toxic alternatives will lead to the sustainable development of space.


D-SAIL

D-SAIL is a deployable
sail A sail is a tensile structure—which is made from fabric or other membrane materials—that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles. Sails ma ...
that uses its large surface area to generate friction with the atmosphere and decrease the
orbital speed In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter or, if one body is much more ma ...
of the satellite, which allows it to lower altitude, ultimately leading to the satellite's deorbiting and entering Earth's atmosphere. D-SAIL was developed by Axelspace Corporation.


See also

* MDS-1


References


External links

{{Orbital launches in 2022 Satellites of Japan