Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''RACGAP1''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Function
Rho GTPases control a variety of cellular processes. There are 3 subtypes of Rho GTPases in the Ras superfamily of small G proteins: RHO (see MIM 165370), RAC (see
RAC1
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAC1'' gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively spliced versions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions.
Func ...
; MIM 602048), and CDC42 (MIM 116952). GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) bind activated forms of Rho GTPases and stimulate GTP hydrolysis. Through this catalytic function, Rho GAPs negatively regulate Rho-mediated signals. GAPs may also serve as effector molecules and play a role in signaling downstream of Rho and other Ras-like GTPases.
upplied by OMIM Over-expression of RACGAP1 is observed in multiple human cancers including breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Evidence show that RACGAP1 can modulate mitochondrial quality control by stimulating mitopahy and mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer. Knocking out RACGAP1 in vitro using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to cytokinesis failure.
Interactions
RACGAP1 has been shown to
interact with ECT2,
Rnd2 and
SLC26A8.
During cytokinesis, RACGAP1 has been shown to interact with
KIF23
KIF may refer to:
* Koyamada International Foundation (Shin Koyamada#Koyamada International Foundation , KIF), an international nonprofit organization
* KIF Kolding, a handball club in Denmark
* Kif Kroker, a character in the TV show ''Futurama''
* ...
to form the
centralspindlin Centralspindlin is a motor complex implicated in cell division. It contributes to virtually every step in cytokinesis,Glotzer, Michael"Cytokinesis: Centralspindlin Moonlights as a Membrane Anchor" ''Current Biology'', 18 February 2013 It is highly c ...
complex.
This complex is essential for the formation of the central spindle. RACGAP1 also interacts with
PRC1 to stabilize and maintain the central spindle as anaphase proceeds. RACGAP1 can also interact with ECT2 during anaphase of cytokinesis, loss of RACGAP1 leads to cytokinesis failure.
References
Further reading
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{{PDB Gallery, geneid=29127