QuyurchuqThe name is found in various renditions, including ''Quyruchuq'', ''Qarujaq'', ''Qoyrichaq'', ''Qoyrijak'', ''Koirijak''. ( Turki/ Kypchak: قویورچق; died 1397) was Khan of the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

from 1395 to 1397. He was appointed by

Timur Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeat ...

(Tamerlane). Information on his life and reign is very limited.

Ancestry

According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'' and ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', Quyurchuq was a son of

Urus Khan Urus Khan ( Kypchak: اوروس خان; also known as ''Muḥammad-Urūs'' Turki/ Persian: محمد اروس, ''Orys'', ''Arys'', ''Yrys'', ''Orys Khan''; ; died 1377) was the eighth Khan of the White Horde and a disputed Khan of the Blue Hord ...

, a descendant of Tuqa-Timur, the son of

Jochi Jochi (; ), also spelled Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent Military of the ...

, the son of Chinggis Khan. They give the ancestry as Qūyūrčuq, son of Urus Khān, the son of Bādāq, the son of Tīmūr-Khwāja, the son of Tāqtaq, the son of Achiq, the son of Ūrungbāsh (Ūrūng-Tīmūr), the son of Tūqā-Tīmūr, the son of Jūjī.

Career

A younger son of Urus Khan, Quyurchuq survived his family's loss of the throne of the left (east) wing of the Golden Horde, the former

Ulus Ulus may refer to: Places * Ulus, Bartın, a district in Bartin Province, Turkey * Ulus, Beşiktaş, neighborhood in Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey *Ulus, Ankara, an important quarter in central Ankara, Turkey ** Ulus (Ankara Metro), an und ...

of Orda, in 1379. In unclear circumstances he made his way to the court of Timur (Tamerlane), and became one of his captains. Quyurchuq accompanied Timur's second expedition into the Golden Horde, in 1395–1396, and participated in the Battle on the Terek in April 1395. Following the battle, Timur gave Quyurchuq a force of "Uzbek braves," set out for him the regalia of a khan, gave him a gold-embroidered caftan and gold belt, and ordered him to cross the

Volga The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment ...

and take over the Golden Horde. Quyurchuq did as instructed, and was successfully installed as khan at the traditional capital, Sarai. However, it would be a short and unhappy reign. The core territory of the Golden Horde had been plundered and ravaged by Timur, and the main cities, Sarai included, had been pillaged and razed. Timur headed home in the spring of 1396, leaving Quyurchuq in a difficult position at Sarai. The defeated khan Tokhtamysh was still at large in the north and west, while two relics of Timur's previous invasion of the Golden Horde, the rival khan Tīmūr Qutluq and his uncle

Edigu Edigu (also Edigey, Eðivkäy or Edege Mangit; 1352–1419) was a Turko-Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde. Life Edigu was from the Crimean Manghit tribe, the son of ...

controlled the territory to the east. While Tokhtamysh set out to reassert his authority over the southwestern portions of the Golden Horde, Tīmūr Qutluq and Edigu attacked and defeated Quyurchuq, seizing Sarai. This is generally dated to 1397, although it could have happened as early as 1396, immediately after Timur's departure. According to Tatar folklore, Quyurchuq was killed by Edigu himself.

Descendants

According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'', Quyurchuq had a son and two daughters, three grandsons and a granddaughter, as follows.Vohidov 2006: 44. * Barāq, khan in the east 1421–1426; of the Golden Horde 1423–1428 ** Mīr Sayyid ** Mīr Qāsim ** Abū-Saʿīd, called Jānī Beg, khan of the

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...

1470–after 1490, ancestor of the later khans of the Kazakhs ** Saʿādat-Bīka *Ruqayya *Pāyanda-Sulṭān

Genealogy

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

* Tuqa-Timur *Urung-Timur (Uz-Timur, Urungbash) *Achiq *Taqtaq *Timur Khwaja *Badiq *

*Quyurchuq

Notes

References

Bibliography

* Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," ''Numizmatičeskij sbornik'' 3 (2002) 9-55. * Howorth, H. H., ''History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century.'' Part II.1. London, 1880. * Počekaev, R. J., ''Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy''. Saint Petersburg, 2010. * Sabitov, Ž. M., ''Genealogija "Tore"'', Astana, 2008. * Sagdeeva, R. Z., ''Serebrjannye monety hanov Zolotoj Ordy'', Moscow, 2005. * Seleznëv, J. V., ''Èlita Zolotoj Ordy: Naučno-spravočnoe izdanie'', Kazan', 2009. * Tizengauzen, V. G. (trans.), ''Sbornik materialov otnosjaščihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy. Izvlečenija iz persidskih sočinenii'', republished as ''Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah.'' 4. Almaty, 2006. * Vohidov, Š. H. (trans.), ''Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah.'' 3. ''Muʿizz al-ansāb.'' Almaty, 2006. {{DEFAULTSORT:Quyurchuq Khans of the Golden Horde 14th-century monarchs in Asia 14th-century monarchs in Europe