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A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms. For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in
The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions, Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions, C–H activation, Allylic substitution, Pauson–Khand reaction,Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T.
hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and Hydrophobe, hydrophobic; their odor is usually fain ...
s having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes.
Synthesis
The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions, Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions, C–H activation, Allylic substitution, Pauson–Khand reaction,Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular Face (geometry), faces, six straight Edge (geometry), edges, and four vertex (geometry), vertices. The tet ...
Volume 2001, Issue 61, Pages 4053–4065 etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbon atoms.
One of the most industrially important compounds containing a quaternary carbon is bis-phenol A (BPA). The central atom is a quaternary carbon. Retrosynthetically, that carbon is the central atom of an acetone molecule before condensation with two equivalents of phenol - BPA Production Process
References