Qibi tribe (;

Middle Chinese Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese language, Chinese recorded in the ''Qieyun'', a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expande ...

: *''kʲiei-pɪ̯et'';

Saka The Saka, Old Chinese, old , Pinyin, mod. , ), Shaka (Sanskrit (Brāhmī): , , ; Sanskrit (Devanāgarī): , ), or Sacae (Ancient Greek: ; Latin: were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples, Eastern Iranian peoples who lived in the Eurasian ...

: ''Kāribari'') was a Turkic tribe and a part of Tiele confederation, then

Toquz Oghuz The Toquz Oghuz (Lit. "''Nine Clan"'') was a political alliance of nine Turkic Tiele tribes in Inner Asia, during the early Middle Ages. The Toquz Oghuz was consolidated and subordinated within the First Turkic Khaganate (552–603) and rema ...

and later

Uyghur Khaganate The Uyghur Khaganate (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country; , Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: or ) was a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It ...

. Most famous member of the tribe was Qibi Heli.

Area

According to the epigraphy of Qibi Song (契苾嵩), a Tiele general in the service of the Tang dynasty (730), the origins of the Qibi can be traced to the

Khangai Mountains The Khangai Mountains form a mountain range, range in central Mongolia, some west of Ulaanbaatar. Name Two provinces of Mongolia are named after the Khangai mountains: Arkhangai (North Khangai) and Ovorkhangai (South Khangai). The mild climat ...

prior to their presence in the Bogda Mountains during the 6th century. They were related to the Jiepi (解批) of

Gaoche The Tiele ( zh, c=鐵勒, p=Tiělè),, Mongolian ''*Tegreg'' " eople of theCarts" also transliterated as Chile ( zh, c=敕勒, links=no), Dili ( zh, c=狄歷, links=no), Zhile ( zh, c=直勒, links=no) and Tele ( zh, c=特勒, links=no), who w ...

, who were situated east of the Fufuluo. In early Tang period, they lived in Yingsuo Prefecture (modern Yanqi 焉耆, Xinjiang). The Qibi were dispersed shortly after the defeat of chief Geleng (哥楞). In the east they were put under the rule of a

tudun A tudun was a governor resident in a town or other settlement in the ancient Bulgar, Avar or Gokturk empires, particularly those of the Bulgars and the Khazars. The tudun was the personal representative of the imperial government and could ...

(吐屯) named Ashina Hubo (阿史那斛勃), who became known as the Chebi Khagan. After 632, they were located to Yuxi Prefecture (榆溪).

Known members

# Qibi Geleng (契苾歌楞) — Khagan of Tiele confederation as

Yiwuzhenmohe Qaghan Yiwuzhenmohe Qaghan () or Yaghmurchin Bagha Qaghan (Personal name: Qibi Geleng, ) was a tribal chief of Qibi tribe who ruled briefly over Turkic tribes of Xueyantuo, Tiele and Huihe. Reign At the time of Geleng's rule over the Tiele as ''Erkin ...

# Qibi Ge (契苾葛) — Prince of Tiele confederation as Baghatur Tegin (莫賀咄特勤) ## Qibi Heli (契苾何力) — 1st Duke of Liang (涼國公), general in early

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

and a companion of Taizong of Tang ##* Qibi Ming (契苾明) (649-695) — 2nd Duke of Liang, general of Tang dynasty ##** Qibi Song (契苾嵩, d. 730) — General of Tang army, 3rd Duke of Liangguo ##** Qibi Zong (契苾嵸, d. 746) — General of the Left Leopard Tao Guard of Tang army (左豹韜衛大將軍) ##** Qibi Fan (契苾番, d. 746) — General of Tang army ##** Qibi Chong (契苾崇, d. 746) ##* Qibi Guang (契苾光, d. ~709) — General of the Guards during reign of

Wu Zetian Wu Zetian (624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty, Empress of China from 660 to 705, ruling first through others and later in her own right. She ruled as queen consort , empress consort th ...

##** Qibi Qin (契苾嶔, d. 728) ##*** Qibi Shangbin (契苾尚賓, 705-733, died at

Jingzhao Jingzhao ( zh, 京兆) was a historical region centered on the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an. Han dynasty In early Han dynasty, the governor of the capital Chang'an and its vicinities was known as ''You Neishi'' (), and the region was also ...

) ##** Qibi Yin (契苾崟) ##*** Qibi Liangbin (契苾梁濱) ##* Qibi Zhen (契苾貞) — Secretary of the Palace ##* Qibi Mou (契苾某, d. ~709) ##** Qibi Feng (契苾峰) ##*** Qibi Jiabin (契苾嘉賓) — Great General of the Guard in Tang army (衛大將軍) ##**** Qibi Yi (契苾漪, d. 814) — Governor of Shengzhou (勝州, near modern Yulin,

Shanxi Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi a ...

) during Yuanhe era ##***** Qibi Tong (契苾通, 774-855) — Governor of

Danzhou Danzhou ( zh, t=儋州 , p=Dānzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of the Chinese island province of Hainan. The administrative seat and urban center of Danzhou is Nada Town. Danzhou was upgraded from a county-level city into a ...

(846-847),

Xianning Xianning ( zh, s= , t=/ , p=Xiánníng) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangxi to the southeast and Hunan to the southwest. It is known as the "City of Osmanthus". Geography and c ...

(847), Weizhou (842),

Leping Leping () is a county-level city in the northeast of Jiangxi province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jingdezhen Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city in eastern Jiangxi province with a total population ...

(845), Shengzhou (839), Protector General to Pacify the North (852-854) and

Jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissi ...

of Zhenwu Circuit. Fought against

Wujie Qaghan Üge Qaghan (烏介可汗) was the twelfth ruler of Uyghurs. His Uyghur name was probably Üge (). Life He was a younger brother of Zhaoli Qaghan and an uncle of Zhangxin Qaghan.'' Tang Huiyao''vol 98/ref> He claimed the qaghanal title after th ...

''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 246. ##****** Qibi Gongwen (契苾公文) ##****** Qibi Gongying (契苾公應) ##****** Qibi Gongyu (契苾公瑜) ##****** Qibi Gongwu (契苾公武) ##****** Qibi Gongyue (契苾公約) ##****** Qibi Gongshou (契苾公綬) ##****** Qibi Gongmou (契苾公某) ##****** Qibi Gongyi (契苾公廙, d. 881) ##****** Qibi Gongdu (契苾公度, d. 881) ## Qibi Shamen (契苾沙門) — Chieftain of Qibi tribe under Zhenzhu Khagan A member of the tribe, Qibi Zhang (契苾璋) was the military governor of Zhenwu Circuit (振武, headquartered in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) from 881 to 882.

References

Nomadic groups in Eurasia Turkic peoples of Asia