Qarin I (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: کارن), was the eighth ruler of the

Bavand dynasty The Bavand dynasty () (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright inde ...

from 839 to 867.

Biography

His brother,

Shapur Shahpur, Shapur, Shahpoor, or Shahapur () may refer to: People * Shapur (name), Persian given name and a list of people with the name Places India Bihar * Shahpur, Bihar, a city in Bhojpur district ** Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constitue ...

, was murdered in 825 by a Qarinvand named

Mazyar Mazyar (Middle Persian: ''Māh-Izād''; Mazandarani language, Mazandarani/) was an Iranian peoples, Iranian prince from the Qarinvand dynasty, who was the ruler (''ispahbadh'') of the mountainous region of Tabaristan from 825/6 to 839. For his re ...

, who then conquered his domains. With the aid of

Abbasids The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes i ...

and

Tahirids The Tahirid dynasty (, ) was an Arabized Sunni Muslim dynasty of Persian dehqan origin that ruled as governors of Khorasan from 821 to 873 as well as serving as military and security commanders in Abbasid Baghdad until 891. The dynasty was f ...

, however, Qarin managed to reclaim his domains from Mazyar. During the same period, Mazyar was betrayed by his brother

Quhyar Quhyar (), was the ruler of the Qarinvand dynasty, ruling briefly in 839 until his assassination. Biography Quhyar was the son of Qarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd, and had a brother named Mazyar, who, after ascending the Qarinvand throne, was repelled fr ...

, and was sentenced to death in

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

. In 842, Qarin converted to

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

, where he was rewarded with the title of Abu'l-Muluk. In the 860s, western Iran was governed by the Tahirid

Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir () (824/5 – November 867) was a Tahirid family member, who served the Abbasid Caliphate as governor and chief of police ('' sahib al-shurta'') of Baghdad from 851 until his death, during a particularl ...

, whose brother

Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir () was a ninth century Tahirid official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was the last governor of Tabaristan, ruling there until he was expelled by the rebellion of al-Hasan ibn Zayd in 864, and was aft ...

deputized him in

Tabaristan Tabaristan or Tabarestan (; ; from , ), was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th-century onward ...

and

Gurgan Gorgan (; ) is a city in the Central District of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It lies approximately to the northeast of the national capital Tehran, and some a ...

. Popular resentment of the Tahirids' rule increased through the oppression of their officials, especially their fiscal agents in the province. Consequently, in 864 a rebellion broke out in the towns of Ruyan, Kalar and Chalus, led by two "sons of

Rostam use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = Kabulistan , death_cause = With the conspiracy of his half-brother Shaghad, he fell into a we ...

". The rebels called upon

Hasan ibn Zayd Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismaʿīl ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Zayd (; died 6 January 884), also known as ''al-Dāʿī al-Kabīr'' (, "the Great/Elder Missionary"), was an Alid who became the founder of the Zaydid dynasty o ...

, an

Alid The Alids are those who claim descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib (; 600–661 CE), the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first imam in Shia Islam. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The main branches are the ...

, to lead them, and allied themselves with the neighbouring Dailamites. Hasan, who assumed the

regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...

''al-Da‘ī ila’l-ḥaqq'' ("He who summons to the Truth"), was recognized as

emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...

by a part of the local population, and even secured the allegiance of the Justanid king of

Daylam Daylam (), also known in the plural form Daylaman () (and variants such as Dailam, Deylam, and Deilam), was the name of a mountainous region of inland Gilan, Iran. It was so named for its inhabitants, known as the Daylamites. The Church of the Ea ...

, Vahsudan ibn Marzuban. Qarin, however, opposed

Zaydid Alid dynasties of northern Iran or Alavids (). In the 9th–10th centuries, the northern Iranian regions of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan, sandwiched between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz range, came under the rule of a number of Arab Alid d ...

rule in Tabaristan, and allied himself with Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir against Hasan, but was defeated by Hasan in a battle, who had Qarin's domains devastated and his brother Ja'far ibn Shahriyar killed. Qarin then had to swear loyalty to the Zaydids and send his two sons

Surkhab ibn Qarin Surkhab (), meaning ''Red river'' in Persian, may refer to: Places * Surkhab (Kabul), a tributary of the Kabul River in Afghanistan * Kunduz River, Afghanistan, called the Surkhab River in its higher reaches * Vakhsh River in Tajikistan, also call ...

and

Maziar ibn Qarin Maziar or Mazyar (Persian language, Persian: مازیار) is a Persian masculine forename. Notable individuals with the name Maziar include: * Mazyar, Iranian prince from the Qarinvand dynasty * Maziar (singer), Maziar (1952–1997), Iranian singe ...

as hostages to the Zaydid court, but quickly mutinied against Hasan, and in 868, he was forced to flee to

Kumis ''Kumis'' ( , ), alternatively spelled ''coumis'' or ''kumyz'', also known as ''airag'' ( ), is a traditional Fermented milk products, fermented dairy product made from mare milk. The drink is important to the peoples of the Central and East ...

. Qarin I died in 867, and was succeeded by his son or grandson Rustam I.

References

Sources

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Qarin I Bavand dynasty 9th-century monarchs in Asia 9th-century Iranian people Converts to Islam from Zoroastrianism 867 deaths Year of birth unknown Zoroastrian monarchs Vassal rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate