Pyynikinrinne is a district of

Tampere Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately , while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately . It is the most populous mu ...

, Finland. It is located west of the

city center A city centre, also known as an urban core, is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms that exist in ...

. Pyynikinrinne is bordered on the south by the Pyynikki Esker nature reserve, on the north by Pirkankatu and on the east by Mariankatu. The western boundary of the district is the former border between Tampere and Pohjois-Pirkkala municipalities. The neighboring parts of the city are

Pyynikki Pyynikki () is a district and a nature reserve in Tampere, Finland. It is located in the Pyynikinharju ridge, between the city center and the western district of Pispala. Pyynikinharju is the highest esker in the world, rising 85 meters above t ...

Ylä-Pispala Pispala is a city area 2.5 km from the centre of Tampere, Finland. It is located on the northern slope of Pispalanharju, the highest esker in Finland. Together with Pyynikki, Pispala is widely considered the most beautiful area of Tampere ...

, Amuri, partly

Särkänniemi Särkänniemi (; 'Cape of Sandbank') is an amusement park in Tampere, Finland, located in the district by the same name. The park features an aquarium, a planetarium, Doghill Fairytale Farm, an art museum and an observation tower Näsinneul ...

and

Kaakinmaa Kaakinmaa is a district in Tampere, Finland, located in the Keskusta, Tampere, city center. It includes the area south of Pyynikki Church Park (''Pyynikin kirkkopuisto'') between the Hämeenpuisto park and the Mariankatu street. To the south, the ...

. Pirkankatu, which has long been a highway from the center of Tampere to the western parts of the city, was called the Pirkkala Highway until 1956. The Tipotie road, which once led across the

Tampere–Pori railway The Tampere–Pori railway is a railway running between the cities of Tampere and Pori in Finland. The line carries passenger traffic from Tampere to Pori via five railway stations and continues as a freight line to the Port of Pori. Tampere–Po ...

line to the shores of

Lake Näsijärvi A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from t ...

, diverges from Pirkankatu at the former Tampere City Transport's department

garage A garage is a covered structure built for the purpose of parking, storing, protecting, maintaining, and/or repairing vehicles. Specific applications include: *Garage (residential), a building or part of a building for storing one or more vehicl ...

, also known as ''Rollikkahalli''. A competition was held for the design of the Pyynikinrinne area, which was won in 1903 by architect

Lars Sonck Lars Eliel Sonck (10 August 1870 – 14 March 1956) was a Finnish architect. He was a prominent figure in early 20th-century Finnish architecture, known for his role in developing the National Romantic and later Nordic Classicism movements in ...

. The

town plan Urban planning (also called city planning in some contexts) is the process of developing and designing land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportatio ...

drawn up by Sonck was confirmed in 1907. The town plan was in line with

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...

ideals: blocks of varying sizes and shapes, streets following terrain and end views of the streets. The building stock of Pyynikinrinne is mainly protected. A particularly interesting object from an architectural point of view is the complex of

villa A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the f ...

s bordering Palomäentie. The oldest surviving building stock on Pyynikinrinne is represented by, among others, Marjatta Hospital (Lambert Pettersson, 1912),Ennen ja nyt: Tällä talolla on monta nimeä ja käyttöä
– ''

Tamperelainen ''Tamperelainen'' (, literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) is Finland's oldest city newspaper for the free distribution, published in Tampere, Kangasala, Nokia, Lempäälä, Pirkkala and Ylöjärvi. History The ...

'' (in Finnish) the Technical School (R. Björnberg, 1912), the Durchman House (Oiva Kallio, 1915) and the Olán House (

Wivi Lönn Wivi Lönn (20 May 1872 – 27 December 1966), born as Olivia Mathilda Lönn, was a Finnish people, Finnish architect. She was the first woman to be awarded the honorary title of "Professor" by the Finnish Association of Architects. Early life ...

, 1916). Most of the district was built in the 1920s. The typical Pyynikinrinne Building Type is a two-storey wooden apartment building representing the

classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthe ...

of the 1920s. The arm of Pyynikintori was built at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s from taller stone houses, designed by

Martti Välikangas Martti Välikangas (born Martti Buddén, August 1, 1893, County of Kuopio – May 9, 1973, Helsinki) was a Finnish architect renowned for the design of so-called "Puu-Käpylä" ood-Käpylä the Garden City housing area in Käpylä near Helsi ...

Yrjö Lindegren Yrjö Lorenzo Lindegren (13 August 1900 – 12 November 1952) was a Finnish architect and Olympic gold medalist. Lindegren was born in Tampere. He graduated as an architect in 1925 from the Helsinki University of Technology, and set up his o ...

Jaakko Tähtinen Jaakko Tähtinen (1904–1970) was a Finnish architect based in Tampere, a large city in southern Finland. He established the Tähtinen architectural practice and designed both residential and commercial buildings in Tampere and also in other citi ...

and Veikko Kallio, among others. Emil Aaltonen museum1

Architect Bertel Strömmer has had a special influence on the nature of Pyynikinrinne. Strömmer designed a large part of the Pyynikinrinne buildings and partially modified Sonck's town plan. Palomäentie 13 was Strömmer's first plan in his own name. Strömmer lived and kept his office at Palomäentie 22, a building that has since been demolished. Strömmer's surviving works in the Pyynikinrinne district include Pyynikki Sports Field with its

auditorium An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theaters, the number of auditoriums is expressed as the number of screens. Auditoriums can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and t ...

(1922), Kisakentänkatu 10–14 (1924–25), Pyynikki Parish House (1928) and the vocational school (1939). After graduation, the vocational school was the largest public building in Tampere. Other significant buildings in the area include Pyynikinlinna (Jarl Eklund, 1923), Haapanen Villa (Veikko Kallio, 1929),Seija Hirvikallio:
Haapasen huvila, Palomäentie 23, Tampere: Rakennushistoriallinen selvitys
'. Tampereen Tilakeskus Liikelaitos & Arkkitehtitoimisto Seija Hirvikallio, 2014. (in Finnish) Tampere Lyceum High School (Hjalmar Åberg and A. Willberg, 1935), Bishop's Residence (Gunnar Wahlroos, 1936) and Tampere Conservatoire. A special feature is ''Kilometritalo'' (Heikki Tiitola, 1923); this two-story

residential building A residential area is a land used in which houses, housing predominates, as opposed to industrial district, industrial and Commercial Area, commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include ...

is 138 meters long. Kilometritalo

Pyynikintori, formerly known as ''Aleksanterintori'' or, familiarly, ''Plassi'',Pyynikintori siirtyy uuteen aikaan – Katso upeat kuvat: Näin ison muutoksen Tampereen merkittävä kauppapaikka on kokenut vuosikymmenten aikana
– ''

Aamulehti ''Aamulehti'' ( Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. Established in 1881 by Finnish patriots in Tampere, the newspaper aimed to bolster the Finnish language and people's identity d ...

'' (in Finnish) once served as a

marketplace A marketplace, market place, or just market, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a ''souk'' (from ...

and a center for

horse trade Horse trade may refer to: *Horse trading, English term for complex bargaining or exchange *Vote trading Vote trading is the practice of voting in the manner another person wishes on a bill, position on a more general issue, or favored candid ...

. Domestic animals, including goats, cows, sheep and piglets, were sold at the Heinätori square, which is connected to Pyynikintori. In memory of the market square there is so-called ''Vaakahuone'' building (Lambert Petterson, 1913) between Heinätori and Pyynikintori. Today, Pyynikintori mainly operates as a

bus terminal A bus station, bus depot, or bus interchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can st ...

and

parking area A parking lot or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area intended for parking vehicles. The term usually refers to an area dedicated only for parking, with a durable or semi-durable surface. In most jurisdic ...

. The first bus station building in Finland, the western long-distance bus station (Bertel Strömmer, 1929), was built on Pyynikintori. An almost similar building was built for Tampere's eastern long-distance bus station, which was located in the

Sori Square The Sori Square () is a square located in the center of Tampere, Finland, in the southern part of the Kyttälä district. It is located in the area bounded by the Hatanpää Highway, Suvantokatu, Tuomiokirkonkatu and Vuolteenkatu. At the eastern e ...

near the current bus station. The original station buildings functioned as service stations after the completion of the current Tampere Bus Station (1938) and have since been demolished. The Pyynikki sports field serves as a starting point and goal for women

marathon The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of kilometres ( 26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There ...

event called ''Likkojen Lenkki'', among other things. The Pyynikki Hall is a national and international venue for several indoor sports,Liikuntapaikat: Pyynikin palloiluhalli
(in Finnish) such as volleyball and basketball. In addition, there is a small sports field along Palomäentie called ''Pikkusantamonttu''. On the Pyynikinrinne, the Tampere Vocational College Tredu operates in three locations: Pyynikintie, Pirkankatu and Santalahdentie. Areas of study emphasize craftsmanship, such as the fashion industry, the

barber A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a barbershop or the barber's. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse ...

-hairdresser line, and the

electrical Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwel ...

and

construction engineering Construction engineering, also known as construction operations, is a professional subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction, and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bri ...

industry.

See also